Fire fighting equipment is a technical means of extinguishing a fire, limiting its development, protecting people and material values from it.

Currently, fire fighting equipment covers a large arsenal of various means: primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire engines, fire extinguishing installations and communications equipment.

Before the start of extinguishing fires, a number of special works can be performed: fire reconnaissance, removal of combustion products from premises, rescuing people, opening structures, etc. To carry out these works, a range of special fire trucks with special equipment is required.

A fire engine is a transport or transport vehicle designed to extinguish a fire.

Auxiliary fire trucks are used to service personnel and fire fighting equipment, especially in large fires.

Fire trucks are created on the basis of various vehicles: wheeled and tracked vehicles, swimming and flying vehicles, trains. They are called: fire trucks (PA), fire boats, ships, helicopters, trains.

Subdivisions of the State Fire Service (GPS) are equipped with fire trucks. Some of them use fire boats, helicopters, tanks.

Fire fighting vehicles are also supplied to fire departments of various ministries (railway transport, forestry, etc.).

A variety of fires and fire extinguishing conditions, as well as the work performed during their extinguishing, required the creation of PA for various purposes. According to the main types of work performed, PA are subdivided into basic, special and auxiliary. Basic PA, in turn, consist of PA of general and targeted use (Table 1.3).

Table 1.3

Basic fire trucks

Special fire trucks

Auxiliary fire trucks

general use

targeted use

AC - tank trucks

АНР - pump and hose

APT - First Aid

AED - with a high pressure pump

AA - airfield

AP - powder extinguishing

APT - foam extinguishing

ACT - combined extinguishing

AGT - gas extinguishing

PNS - pumping station

AGVT - gas-water extinguishing

AL - ladders

APK - articulated car lifts

AR - sleeve

DU - smoke exhaust

GDZS - gas and smoke protection service

ASA - rescue vehicles

ASh - staff

Buses

Trucks

Cars

The main PA are intended for the delivery of personnel of the State Fire Service units, fire extinguishing agents and equipment to the place of fire and the supply of fire extinguishing agents to the combustion zone. PA general use designed to extinguish fires at city facilities and in the residential sector. PA targeted use provide extinguishing of fires at the facilities of the petrochemical industry, airfields, etc.

General requirements for fire fighting equipment and fire vehicles are established by the Federal Law "Technical Regulations and Fire Safety Requirements". Based on the regulations, they boil down to the following:

fire fighting equipment must ensure the functions assigned to it in fire conditions;

the design and use of materials for its production must ensure its safety during transportation, storage, operation and disposal of fire fighting equipment;

fire fighting equipment marking should allow identification of products;

technical documentation for fire equipment must contain information for training personnel in the rules for the effective use of fire equipment;

fire equipment should be used in accordance with its parameters to fire safety requirements in accordance with the methods established by fire safety regulations.

All PAs are built on the chassis of vehicles (ATS) for various operational purposes, mainly of domestic production. Therefore, it becomes expedient to outline the system of their designations.

In accordance with the standard ОН 025.270-06, the following ATC designation system is adopted (Table 1.4).

Table 1.4

Full weight, t	The operational purpose of the car
Full weight, t	onboard	dump trucks	cisterns	special






Over 40.0

Note... Classes from 18 to 78 are reserved and are not included in the indexing.

The 1st digit denotes the vehicle class (trucks) by gross weight, i.e.

The 2nd digit indicates the type of PBX:

1 - a passenger car;

2 - bus;

3 - a cargo flatbed vehicle or a pickup truck;

4 - truck tractor;

5 - dump truck;

6 - tank;

7 - van;

8 - reserve digit;

9 - special vehicle.

The 3rd and 4th digits of the indices indicate the serial number of the model.

5th digit - vehicle modification.

6th digit - type of execution: 1 - for a cold climate, 6 - export version for a temperate climate, 7 - export version for a tropical climate.

Some vehicles have in their designation the prefix 01, 02, 03, etc., indicating that this model or modification is transitional or has additional equipment.

According to this classification, in most cases, the letter designation of the manufacturer is indicated before the digital index. For example, ZIL, Ural, KamAZ, etc.

Currently, the transition to a new (European) classification of fire trucks according to the value of the permissible total weight is underway. Fire trucks are divided into three classes:

lightweight with a total weight of 2000 to 7500 kg ( L- class);

medium ones with a total weight of 7500 to 14060 kg ( M- class);

heavy with a gross weight over 14,000 kg ( S- class).

Fire trucks are divided into three categories, depending on their cross-country ability.

The main PA of general use are designated as follows: fire-fighting tankers - AC; pump-and-hose fire trucks - АНР; fire-fighting vehicles with high-pressure pumps - AED, fire-fighting vehicles of first aid - APP. They are characterized by a number of parameters. The fire safety standards establish that the following are used as the main parameters that determine the functional purpose of the PA: tank capacity, m 3; pump flow, l / s, at the rated speed of the pump shaft; pump head, m water column

The initial letters of the names of the PA and the main parameter of the PA type are the basis for their symbols.

Examples of symbols.

Example 1. AC-3,0-40 / 4 (4331) model XXX-XX. Fire tank truck with a tank with a capacity of 3 m 3, a combined pump with a flow rate of 40 (normal pressure stage) and 4 l / s (high pressure stage) on the ZIL-4331 chassis, the first modernization of model XXX, modification XX (with a combined pump).

Example 2. APT 6,3-40 (5557) model XXX. Foam extinguishing vehicle with a foam concentrate tank with a capacity of 6.3 m 3 on the Ural 5557 chassis with a pump with a flow rate of 40 l / s, model XXX.

Example 3. AKT 2.0 / 2000-40 / 60 (4310) model XXX. Combined extinguishing vehicle on a KamAZ chassis with a tank for water or a foaming agent solution with a capacity of 2.0 m 3, a mass of exported powder of 2000 kg, a pump with a flow rate of 40 l / s and a powder fire monitor flow rate of 60 kg / s, model XXX.

Special PAs are used to perform a variety of work: lifting to a height, dismantling structures, lighting, etc. As the main parameters, characteristics of the PA, which determine the functional purpose, are used, for example, the lifting height of ladders, the power of the emergency rescue vehicle generator, etc.

Auxiliary vehicles support the functioning of fire brigades. These include: trucks, fuel tankers, mobile repair shops, etc.

To distinguish PA from the general traffic flow in conditions and significant traffic density and intensity, they must have a certain information content. It is carried out by the shape of the product, coloring, light and sound signaling.

All products of fire fighting equipment are painted red. To enhance the information content in the color-graphic scheme, a contrasting white color is used. Color-graphic scheme, inscriptions and identification marks, as well as requirements for special light and sound signals are established by the standard. The breakdown of the painted surfaces, the location of the inscriptions and designations are established in the order shown in Fig. 1.8.

On the cab door, the number of the fire department and the city are indicated, at the stern - the type of PA, for example, AC, - the tank truck and the number of the fire department. According to the color-graphic scheme, PA bumpers are painted white, the frame, wheel rims and visible parts of the chassis are painted black.

The knees of fire escapes, auto and foam lifts are painted white or silver.

When performing an operational task, the information content of the PA is enhanced by sound and light signals.

The PA alarm light is generated by a blue flashing beacon. They operate from an on-board network with a voltage of 12 or 24 V, providing a blinking frequency (2 ± 0.5) Hz, while the dark phase should not be less than 0.2 s.

The audible signal can be generated by DC sirens that provide two or more alternating signals with a sound frequency of 250 to 650 Hz. The sound pressure level at a distance of 2 m from the siren should be within 110-125 dB.

A siren driven by engine exhaust gases can be used as a sound signal.

High combat readiness of fire departments and the effectiveness of fire fighting equipment is achieved by proper maintenance, as well as by carrying out scheduled maintenance of fire trucks and servicing them at a minimum time after a fire. To ensure the combat readiness of fire departments, it is of great importance to properly organize the storage of firefighting equipment (oxygen-insulating gas masks, pressure hoses, etc.), stocks of fuels and lubricants, foam concentrate, etc.

Maintenance of fire trucks and storage of fire equipment is carried out in fire stations and on the territory of fire departments.

Fire stations should be located on land plots with exits to main streets or city roads. The distance from the borders of the depot site to public buildings should be at least 15 meters, and to the borders of the land plots of children's institutions and cars at least 30 meters.

Fire stations must be located in areas with an indent from the red line to the front of the exit of cars by at least 15 meters, and for fire stations of types II, III, IV and V, this distance can be reduced to 10 meters.

The territory of the fire stations must have two exits with a gate width of at least 4.5 meters. All sites on the territory and roads must have a hard surface.

The fire departments also house a training camp, a gas station, and paramilitary fire departments - barracks for personnel. On the territory of some parts, it is possible to place educational and training facilities of garrison significance (for example, smoke chambers, sports complexes, etc.).

A fire station is a building that houses a fire brigade, fire trucks and fire equipment. A fire station (Figure 1.9) must have a garage, a communication point, a battery, a post or base of a gas and smoke protection service (GDZS), offices of commanding staff, classrooms, rest rooms for the duty shift, etc.

Fig. 1.9. Example of a fire station layout:

A - facade; B - plan of the first floor of the new depot: 1 - garage; 2 - office of the head of the unit; 3 - office; 4 - office of the deputy head of the unit; 5 - premises of public organizations; 6 - briefing room; 7 - instructors room; 8 - switchboard; 9 - rechargeable; 10 - point of contact; 11 - hardware room; 12 - traffic safety corner; 13 - control post; 14 - workshop of a maintenance post; 15 - pantry; 16 - compressor room; 17 - drying sleeves; 18 - training tower; 19 - washing sleeves; 20 - drying clothes; 21 - Gym

In connection with the organization of centralized service of hoses in garrisons in newly built fire stations, premises for servicing fire hoses are not provided.

The fire station is designed for 2, 4 and 6 fire trucks. In the fire stations of large garrisons of the fire brigade, 8 or more fire trucks can be installed. When designing a fire station for 2 cars, the area of the land plot of the fire station must be at least 2500 m 2. With more vehicles N its area is determined roughly by the formula

S = 1000 N,

Where S - land area, m 2.

Depot buildings must be designed not less than III degree of fire resistance. The layout of the depot should ensure a quick and safe gathering of personnel on a combat alert and the departure of fire trucks in the shortest possible time.

Fire alarm and communication equipment, as well as battery equipment, are located in a special room adjacent to the garage on the right side. In the wall adjacent to the garage, a window with a size of 0.5x0.75 m is arranged, located opposite the driver's cab of a fire truck, through which a waybill is issued and the departure of fire trucks is monitored.

The guardhouse is usually located on the ground floor behind the back wall of the garage or on the second floor. When located on the ground floor, the exits to the garage are made at the rate of one exit measuring 1.2x2 m for each fire engine. When placing a room for a guard on the second floor, in addition to a common staircase, they arrange metal posts into the garage at the rate of 1 post for 7 people. The launching posts with a diameter of 100 mm must have a perfectly smooth surface. Soft mats should be placed at the base of the posts.

Washing and drying of sleeves is carried out, as a rule, in the shaft of the observation tower. The area of drying shafts is determined at the rate of 0.16 m 2 per sleeve, but not less than 2.4 m 2 per mine.

The height of the shaft from the floor to the blocks on which the sleeves are suspended can be 12 m for the suspension of the sleeves at half their length and 22 m for the suspension of the sleeves for the entire length. The height of the room above the blocks must be at least 2 m.

In the lower part of the drying shaft, a washing machine, a tank for washing sleeves, and an air heater are installed. To dry the sleeves, you can use infrared emitters, which are installed in a special room.

The layout and equipment should ensure that fire engines are put on alert in the shortest possible time. In this case, you can focus on the complexity of work (in man-min):

Maintenance 52

Change of 7 sleeves 20

Considering that a tanker compartment can be up to 6 people, the minimum service time after a fire is about 20 minutes.

Fire stations are located in areas with an indent from the red building line along the front of the garage door by at least 15 m. The area in front of the garage should be asphalted or paved and have a slight slope from the threshold of the gate to the red line.

Fire station garages are designed to service fire trucks and keep them on duty. In garages, dead-end or direct-flow methods of arranging fire trucks are adopted. With the dead-end method, the car drives into the parking lot in reverse. Each parking lot has its own gate, preferably with an automatic opening drive. An inspection ditch is provided for servicing fire trucks.

When designing garages and maintenance posts, the dimensions of the premises are determined depending on the dimensions of the fire trucks. Some planning dimensions, m, indicated in SNiP P-93-74, are given below:

The depth of the garage for 1 fire engine is at least 15

The height from the floor to the protruding floor structures is not less than 3.8

Distance between the axles of the car 5.2

Distance from the car to the edge of the column 1.5

Distance from vehicle to front wall 1.0

Distance from the far right on the exit and the left car

up to the wall 1.5

Distance from vehicle to rear wall 2.0

Fire stations are equipped with central heating and ventilation. In addition to general ventilation in garages, gas outlets are provided for removing exhaust gases. The temperature in the garages must be maintained at least +16 o C. At the same time, comfortable conditions are provided for servicing fire trucks and fire fighting equipment, as well as reliable starting of engines. To reduce the duration of the engine operation in the warm-up mode after its start, it is advisable to equip the local individual engine heating in parking lots, which helps to increase the speed of the fire truck after leaving.

The organization of the duty of combat units must ensure high technical readiness and operational mobility of fire trucks.

Fire trucks occupy a special place in the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. They form the material basis for the mechanization of fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations.

The effective use of fire trucks and fire rescue vehicles (ASA) requires a deep knowledge of the design of equipment, mechanisms and machines, their technical capabilities and rational operating modes. Their parameters determine the tactical and technical characteristics of these machines. Therefore, the first task of the course being studied is a comprehensive study of the designs of fire engines and their tactical and technical characteristics.

Fires occur at random, unpredictable intervals. The fire damage will be the less, the sooner the fire extinguishing begins. Therefore, in fire departments, fire engines must be kept in a state of high technical readiness for use. Therefore, studying the course of PA and PSA, it is necessary to solve the second problem, which includes techniques and methods for maintaining the state of continuous technical readiness of fire engines.

During the operation of fire engines, the working surfaces of the mechanism parts wear out. As a result, the parameters of the tactical and technical characteristics of fire engines deteriorate. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of extinguishing fires. Wear of parts of mechanisms and non-observance of the recommended operating modes can lead to failures in their operation. Therefore, when studying the course, the third task should be solved - mastering the basics of organizing maintenance and repair of fire equipment, ensuring its reliable operation on fires and the required durability.

When following a fire, extinguishing it, as well as servicing and repairing fire engines, due to improper methods of controlling them, non-observance of the modes of their operation, factors affecting the labor safety and health of members of a combat crew may appear. Therefore, when studying the course, the fourth task should be solved - the organization of ensuring the labor protection of firefighters.

Fire fighting vehicles are constantly being improved, new mechanisms and equipment are being used, new vehicles are being created. Therefore, another task becomes important: when studying the course, it is necessary to learn not only to master this technique, but also to develop the ability to train subordinates.

And finally, the last task of the course is to substantiate the techniques and methods that determine the economical use of all material resources (fuel, OM, etc.), and, consequently, the protection of the environment.

Control questions

The main stages of the development of fire fighting equipment.

The role of Russian engineers in the creation of fire extinguishing agents.

The development of fire fighting equipment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Formulate the requirements of the Technical Regulations for fire fighting equipment and fire fighting vehicles.

Classification of fire trucks.

Fundamentals of the designation system for vehicles used as chassis for fire trucks.

Classification of fire trucks. Scope of their application.

Give examples of the designation of tank trucks, fire pumping stations, ladders.

Requirements of the Technical Regulations for fire stations.

Various types of fire trucks are designed to extinguish local and large-scale fires, prevent the spread of fire, protect people, animals, material values from it. Modern special equipment includes a varied arsenal in its equipment: primary devices for extinguishing fires, vehicles of different categories, communication equipment and specific installations. Before starting work, a number of actions can be performed, which include reconnaissance of hot spots, elimination of combustion products from premises, rescuing people, opening structures and much more. For the quality of such operations, appropriate equipment and machines are required.

general information

Among the main types of fire trucks, there are transport or transport equipment used directly to extinguish the fire, as well as auxiliary vehicles serving to service personnel and equipment.

The units under consideration are created on the basis of wheeled, tracked, swimming and flying vehicles, as well as on the basis of trains. Firefighting equipment is supplied to parts of the State Fire Service, as well as subdivisions of relevant ministries (forestry, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, railway transport, and the like).

Types of fire trucks

Depending on the purpose and conditions of use, fire trucks (PA) are divided into several categories. Main machines for general use:

Tank trucks (AC).
AED (equipment with high pressure pumps).
APP (first aid vehicles).
Hose-and-tube transport (APR).

The main PA for targeted use:

Aerodrome options (AA).
AGVT (models of gas-water extinguishing).
AP (versions with powder extinguishers).
Pumping stations (PNS).
Foam Quenching Machines (APT).
AKT and AGT - with combined and gas extinguishers.

In addition, there are types of special fire trucks:

ASh (staff modifications).
AL (car ladders).
Articulated car lifts (AIC).
AR (hose cars).
ASA (rescue option).
For smoke extraction (remote control).
GDZS (gas and smoke protection service).

Among the auxiliary PA:

Trucks and cars.
Buses.
Fuel trucks.
Repair shops on wheels.

Requirements

Regardless of the type and purpose of fire trucks, a number of general requirements are imposed on them (regulated by the Federal Law on Technical Support and Fire Safety). Among them:

Fire extinguishing technology must guarantee the functions assigned to it in working conditions.
Design features and materials of manufacture must ensure the safety of machines during transportation, operation, storage and disposal.
Each unit is labeled to allow its identification.
The documentation of the technical plan should contain information for training personnel in the rules for the effective use of existing equipment.
All types of fire trucks must be used in accordance with the parameters of fire safety requirements, in accordance with the methods established by the relevant regulatory documentation.

Appointment

The main fire trucks are designed to transport personnel, fire extinguishing devices and work equipment to the place of fire. General PAs are used to extinguish fires in the city and residential sectors. Targeted PAs are used to extinguish fires at oil, gas, chemical facilities, airfields, high-risk enterprises, etc. All types of fire trucks are built mainly on a motor vehicle chassis of domestic production, they are included in the general designation system.

Classification

The identification of the technique in question is carried out by means of a certain alphanumeric code. The first digit indicates the total weight of the vehicle. The second designation is the type of vehicle:

Passenger car - 1.
Bus - 2.
Truck - 3.
Truck tractor - 4.
Dump truck - 5.
Tank - 6.
Van - 7.
8 - reserve mark.
9 - special equipment.

The types of fire trucks and their classification by serial number are determined by the third and fourth digits in the index. The fifth element in the symbol is the vehicle modification. The sixth digit is the type of performance (for a temperate, tropical or cold climate - 6/7/1). Numbers 01, 02 and the like indicate that the equipment is made in a transitional version or is equipped with additional equipment. In addition, the letter designation of the manufacturer is indicated in front of the numbers.

It is planned to switch to identification according to the European principle (division into classes):

L - the total weight of the PA is from 2 to 7.5 tons.
M - medium modifications (7.5-14.06 tons).
S - heavy class (over 14 tons).

An example of a symbol: АПТ 3,0-40 / 4 (4331) model XXX. We are talking about PA foam extinguishing with a tank with a volume of 3 cubic meters. m. with a flow of 40 and 4 l / s (at high pressure). Chassis - ZIL-4331, model number - XXX.

Types of maintenance of fire trucks

For each PA, a specific operating rate is set for a quarter and a year. This takes into account the mileage, the allocated amount of fuel and other technical conditions. The monthly mileage rate is calculated based on the quarterly rate. To maintain optimal combat readiness and increase the capabilities of the unit, a PA reserve is established.

The technical readiness of equipment is determined by the following points:

Serviceability and general condition.
Refueling with fuels and lubricants, operational and fire extinguishing materials.
Completion with fire-technical devices and equipment, taking into account the personnel status and labor protection rules.
Compliance with the standards of appearance, color and inscriptions GOST 50574-93.

If at least one requirement is not met, the operation of the equipment is prohibited. The types and frequency of maintenance of fire trucks is organized according to a planned preventive principle.

Features of the

Maintenance is a set of preventive measures aimed at maintaining the PA in good condition and readiness for operation. When carrying out maintenance, the following must be provided:

Constant technical readiness to work.
Stable operation of vehicle units over a specified period of service.
Traffic safety.
Elimination of causes that cause premature occurrence of malfunctions.
Established consumption of fuels and lubricants and other operating facilities.
Reducing the negative impact of PA on the environment.

Periodicity

ETO - a daily check when changing the sentry.
PA service during training or fire.
A similar procedure upon returning to the depot.
THEN after the first thousand kilometers.
TO-1 (first maintenance).
TO-2.
CO - seasonal inspection.

By whom and when is the maintenance carried out?

ETO is carried out in the unit during the changing of the guard by the driver on duty and personnel under the guidance of the squad leader. All PA included in the combat crew and reserve must be clean, filled with fuels and lubricants and operational materials, including fire extinguishing agents. The shift driver enters all the records of the vehicle's operation during duty (in the operational card). In addition, his duties include preparing the car for delivery. The driver receiving the PA checks the condition of the vehicle in the required volume and makes a corresponding entry in the card.

MOT during training or fire is carried out by the driver of the car. A similar procedure after returning - by the head of the guard shift.

Service after the thousandth run and TO-1 is carried out by the head of the GPS unit. TO-2 and SO is carried out by the head of the department in which the specified set of activities takes place.

For TO-1 and TO-2, the vehicle is removed from the combat crew and replaced by a reserve unit. The order of actions is determined by the head of the Garrison of the State Border Guard Service, taking into account local conditions and peculiarities. For TO-1, the time spent by the PA on service should not exceed 2 days (with TO-2 - 3 days).

When servicing machines, certain types of routine repairs can be performed in an amount not exceeding 20% of the labor intensity of the corresponding type of maintenance.

The equipment that has passed TO-2 is accepted by the head of the department and the senior driver (according to the acceptance / delivery certificate). After maintenance, the vehicle must be in good condition, filled with operating materials, clean, adjusted and lubricated, in accordance with the relevant technical documentation. On combat duty, the withdrawal of PAs that have not passed the next MOT is not allowed.

Repairs

Types of fire engine repairs:

Directly for machines - capital, average and current.
For aggregates - capital and current.

Repair work includes a set of manipulations to restore the PA and ensure their normal operation. Activities are carried out as needed or after a certain run.

Dismantling, as well as replacement of components and assemblies is carried out based on the results of preliminary diagnostics. After the repair, the car is accepted by the head of the department and the senior driver according to the acceptance / delivery certificate. Before leaving for combat duty, the PA must undergo a run-in:

After current and average repairs - 150 kilometers and two-hour operation of the main working unit.
After overhaul - 400 km. mileage and 2 hours of operation of working devices.

Special designations

To designate the PA in the general flow, the technique must be equipped with certain informative differences. All fire brigades are colored red, with white symbols and stripes applied to specific locations for contrast. The placement of symbols and the breakdown of the areas to be painted is determined according to state standards. The number of the PCh and the city is applied to the cab door, and the type of PA and the number of the unit are applied to the stern. The bumper and visible parts of the chassis are painted black. In addition, the equipment is equipped with special light and sound signals.

Outcome

The above considered how many types of maintenance fire trucks have. Given the special purpose of these vehicles, these activities are strictly regulated, and violation of the terms of their passage is fraught with serious punishment for the person in charge, not to mention the safety of the machine.

Consideration of the classification, structure, development of the main fire trucks.

Study questions:

General classification of fire trucks and their purpose, marking.

General classification of fire trucks

General purpose fire trucks

Symbols and markings

Decoding

АЦ 3,0-40 / 4 (4331) model XXX-XX

With a capacity of 3 cubic meters, a combined pump with a flow of 40 l / s (normal pressure stage) and 4 l / s (high pressure stage) on the ZIL-4331 chassis, the first modernization of the XXX model, modification XX.

Examples of decoding the designation of fire trucks

General purpose fire trucks

- vehicles intended for the delivery of personnel to the place of call, extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations with the help of extinguishing substances and fire fighting equipment transported to them, as well as for supplying extinguishing substances from other sources to the place of fire.

The main vehicles for target use are for extinguishing fires at oil depots, timber processing, chemical, petrochemical, oil refining industries, airports and other special facilities.

Powder fire trucks are designed to extinguish fires of the following classes:

A (Fires of solids, mainly of organic origin, the combustion of which is accompanied by smoldering),
B (Fires of flammable liquids or melting solids),
C (gas fires),
E (Fires associated with combustion of electrical installations)
at industrial facilities of the gas, oil, petrochemical industries

Gas extinguishing vehicle

A machine for extinguishing local fires at nuclear power plants, transfer points, warehouses of flammable liquids, in vehicle fleets, etc.
Provides the elimination of fires in rooms with a volume of up to 5 thousand cubic meters, in elevators, in granaries and other rooms where it is impossible to use others, leading to damage to expensive equipment and materials.

Fire extinguishing agent - nitrogen
Tank capacity, kg - 4000
Fire monitor productivity, kg / s - 30
Manual barrel productivity, kg / s - 2

The main advantages of first aid vehicles

Complete set APP-0.5-2.0 (33023)

small size and maneuverability in conditions of urban traffic flow;
quick arrival at the place of call;
effective extinguishing of local fires;
the use of a high pressure barrel allows to reduce the consumption of fire extinguishing agent;
reduction of indirect damage from spilled water;
saving fuel and lubricants;
versatility of a complete set;
the ability to open door and barred window openings and garage doors;
opportunity ;
flushing of spilled oil products in case of an accident;
providing first aid to victims of road accidents;
effective in ensuring the safety of events with mass visits of people;
lower financial costs for maintenance and operation in comparison with the AC.

The main disadvantages identified during the operation of the APP

when feeding the spray gun, due to a constructive flaw, the rubber hose was damaged at the point where it was fastened with a clamp to the motor pump;
clearance (ground clearance) is very low, which makes it difficult to overcome even minor obstacles (curbs, etc.);
not all models have an all-wheel drive chassis (4x4), which is necessary for operating the car in winter conditions;
the length of the hose reel (50 meters) of the high-pressure barrel significantly limits the radius of work and complicates work in buildings with complex layouts;
inaccessibility of equipment located on the roof of the car;
not tightness of compartments;
lack of a water intake system from water sources of all types.

basic information

The main PA of targeted use deliver firefighting equipment and tools to the place of call. All of them have a specific purpose for extinguishing fires at various facilities (airplanes, gas and oil fountains, museums, theaters, etc.). In other words, each such car has a clearly defined scope of application.

The following are used as fire extinguishing agents on these PA: water, foam, fire extinguishing powders, neutral gases, etc.

Types of PA targeted applications

It is customary to refer to the PA of targeted use:

Aerodrome fire trucks (AA): A fire truck equipped with extinguishing equipment and special fire-fighting equipment for extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations at airports by specialized fire services.
Powder extinguishing vehicles (AP): A fire-fighting vehicle equipped with a vessel for storing fire-extinguishing powder, gas cylinders or a compressor installation, monitors and manual nozzles and designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment and equipment to the fire site and carry out actions to extinguish the fire.
Foam extinguishing vehicles (APT): A fire truck equipped with one or more containers for storing foam concentrate, a fire pump with a piping piping and a device for dosing the foam concentrate and is designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment to the fire site and carry out actions at the petrochemical industry and storage sites petroleum products.
Combined extinguishing vehicles (AKT): A fire truck equipped with a pump, containers for storing fire extinguishing substances and means for their supply and intended for delivery to the fire site of personnel, combined extinguishing agents and fire-technical equipment for simultaneous or sequential supply of fire extinguishing substances of various properties and conducting actions at industrial enterprises, facilities of the chemical, petrochemical and gas industries, transport.
Gas fire fighting vehicles (AGT): A fire-fighting vehicle equipped with vessels for storing compressed or liquefied gases, devices for their supply and designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment and equipment to the place of fire and carry out actions to extinguish fires.
Gas-water fire fighting vehicles (AGVT): A fire truck equipped with a turbojet engine, a gas and water jet supply system and designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment, equipment and actions to extinguish oil and gas fountains, fires at oil refining process plants to the place of fire (accident) and chemical plants and their cooling.
Fire fighting pumping stations (PNS): A fire engine equipped with a fire pump and designed to supply water through the main fire hoses directly to portable fire monitors or to fire trucks with the subsequent supply of water to the fire and to create a reserve supply of water near the site of a major fire.
Fire foam lifters (PPP): A fire-fighting vehicle equipped with a stationary mechanized articulated articulated or telescopic lifting boom with foam generators and designed to deliver personnel, fire-fighting equipment and equipment to the fire site and carry out actions to extinguish fires with foam at a height.

Examples of various main target fire trucks

Sources of

GOST R 53247-2009 "Fire fighting equipment. Fire trucks. Classification, types and designations"
Presnov A.I., Kamentsev A.Ya., Ivanov A.G. and other Fire trucks: A textbook for a fire truck driver. - St. Petersburg, 2006.-507s.

The first fire trucks appeared on the territory of Russia back in 1904. At that time, these were fairly simple and reliable means. They had simple equipment and could carry up to 10 people. But progress does not stand still. The installed equipment was modernized, like the equipment itself. It has become more spacious, efficient and reliable. Let's take a look at the main fire trucks, their features and key differences.

Some general information

Fire fighting equipment is a means of extinguishing a fire using special equipment. The first machines of this type had the simplest equipment and pumps, and on some models the latter were completely absent. In this case, the water pressure was provided with the help of a hydrant. However, it was not always available, which caused serious problems. Currently, the main fire trucks are equipped with sophisticated equipment that allows you to control the intensity of the water supply and special extinguishing agent, security systems and much more.

I would also like to note that there are general and special-purpose fire engines. The former are used to deliver personnel to the scene of an incident, transport fire extinguishing agents and supply them to the fire site. It is these cars that we can most often find on the streets of the city. Special ones are much less common, and a little later we will figure out why.

Car color

All of us have long been accustomed to the fact that fire engines are painted red with white stripes. This is due to the increased danger of equipment with a large number of retractable elements that can harm human health. And GOST provides for just such a palette, since it catches the eye from afar. The chassis of the vehicle is usually painted black. In addition, there are special requirements that prohibit the placement of various stickers and inscriptions on the body, other than those provided by the manufacturer.

tank trucks (AC);
hose-pumping (ANR);
first aid (APT);
with a high pressure pump (HPP).

About fire tankers

Fire tankers are very common. They are used not only for delivery to their destination, but also for transporting combat crews. Fire extinguishing is carried out with water or foam. Accordingly, in the latter case, there is such equipment as a foaming agent. There are also fire pumps, modifications of which may differ, and lines through which water or foam passes.

Tank trucks are the main general purpose fire trucks, which almost always have the same configuration, but the characteristics of the equipment can differ significantly. For example, a tank truck can be light, medium or heavy depending on the capacity of the tank. Accordingly, the pump performance varies over a wide range. This also applies to other equipment. A tank for transporting fire extinguishing agents is most often made of high-strength carbon steel or fiberglass, which, in the absence of mechanical damage, serves for a long time.

Pump and hose fire truck

The key difference between this type of equipment and a tanker truck is that there is no water tank. This type of equipment is designed to transport the crew and this type of transport is often used to transport fire fighting equipment.

In addition to the fact that the pump-and-hose type of equipment delivers the crew and fire trucks to the fire site, it effectively copes with another task. For example, if you need to extinguish a large warehouse, and there is a reservoir nearby, then sleeves are laid to it, and using a high-pressure pump, water is pumped into a tank truck or supplied directly to the fire site. The pump-and-hose fire truck boasts increased cross-country ability, as well as the fact that any water sources, even remote ones, can be used to extinguish a fire. In general, this is a very effective fire engine that can drive up to hard-to-reach places where conventional fire fighting equipment cannot reach.

Rapid Response Fire Truck

The first aid car, also known as a quick response vehicle, stands out from other firefighting equipment. This is due to high mobility and small dimensions. This technique is most relevant in metropolitan areas, where it is able to quickly pass kilometer-long traffic jams.

Basic and quick response are equipped with lightweight chassis with low payload capacity. Accordingly, not always one such calculation is able to cope with a large fire. But often this is not required, since the main task of such a technique is to provide first aid to victims and extinguish the fire before the arrival of help in the form of heavier and more effective equipment. The configuration, depending on the purpose, may differ significantly, this also applies to the spaciousness of the cabin for accommodating the combat crew. The main disadvantage of this technique is limited cross-country ability. This is why it is great for large cities and least effective in mountainous areas or rough terrain.

With high pressure pump

If we consider the main fire and rescue vehicles, then one cannot fail to mention the equipment that is used to extinguish fires in high-rise buildings. The fire engine, which is equipped with a high pressure pump (HPP), is capable of extinguishing fires, the center of which is at a high altitude.

This technique has impressive dimensions and several compartments. One of them is a tank with a fire extinguishing agent, the other is a place for a combat crew and additional equipment. High pressure fluid is supplied through the lines, quickly reaching the fire site. The main disadvantage of this technique is its size, which significantly complicates the approach to the fire site.

Main target fire trucks

Targeted vehicles are used to extinguish fires in difficult situations, for example, at such facilities:

airports;
cultural buildings;
plants;
various infrastructure facilities.

Currently, there are 7 categories of machines for targeted use: airfield, powder extinguishing, foam and combined extinguishing, pumping station, gas and gas-water extinguishing machines. Let's look at each type of technique in more detail, because almost all of them differ from each other and are used depending on the situation.

About airfield vehicles

In the event of a fire on aircraft such as helicopters and airplanes, a fire engine is called in and is often based near the airfield. The large amount of equipment makes this technique quite heavy, but very functional. An airfield vehicle is great for evacuating people from an aircraft, softening a landing with a layer of foam, etc.

The package usually includes circular saws for opening the aircraft if necessary, foam tanks, a pump compartment and water tanks. In some cases, aerodrome equipment is equipped with additional fire extinguishing means. Usually there are several such vehicles at the airport. They must have excellent cross-country ability to operate outside the airfield in complete off-road conditions.

Fire trucks for the petrochemical industry

Foam, powder and gas-water machines are actively used to combat fires of varying severity in the petrochemical industry. Combined extinguishing is most often used in forestry and gas industry facilities.

Such equipment is equipped with containers in which the fire extinguishing agent is stored, converters, as well as fire monitors. The personnel is located in the transport cabin. All superstructures are installed on a base taken from heavy equipment.

Auto pumping stations are used to combat large-scale fires. Their key feature is that a high-performance pump is used to supply water to the fire monitors through highways. The permeability of such equipment is above average, and the pump capacity is more than 100 liters per second. This technique is equipped with two motors. One for the chassis, one for the pump.

Let's summarize

Here we are with you and considered the purpose of the main fire trucks. This technique must always be in good working order. This applies to the technical part, the proper operation of the line, pumps and other equipment. There are quite a few types of fire fighting equipment. This is due to the fact that a mobile and light car will not cope with a large fire, and a large and heavy one will not be able to quickly drive through the megalopolis in traffic jams.

It is for this reason that the classification of the main fire trucks is so extensive. When it comes to forest fires, where ground equipment is ineffective, special helicopters are used, which have tanks with fire extinguishing agents on board. To control the situation, light aircraft are used that patrol the territory and transmit data. But even modern technology does not always quickly cope with large-scale fires, especially forest fires, when whole hectares of territory burn out in a matter of hours.