Intelligent transport systems (ITS) are mainly developing in the central part of Russia. For example, in Moscow, such systems make it possible to reduce the length of traffic congestion, optimize public transport routes, promptly notify drivers and passengers about the situation on the road, etc. ITS on federal highways, as a rule, are introduced on Russian high-speed toll roads. The tasks of the ITS on the highways are to increase the level of traffic safety, reduce the operating costs for road maintenance, etc.
The smart roads ecosystem includes solutions for collecting and processing data about vehicles and road infrastructure for decision-making purposes, including:
- traffic flow detectors;
- adaptive (smart) traffic lights;
- means of automatic fixation of traffic violations;
- electronic means of non-stop fare payment;
- parking meters;
- connected information boards;
- automated lighting control systems;
- other connected objects (for example, automatic road weather stations, road controllers, etc.);
- GPS / GLONASS systems.
As a rule, all the components of the smart road are united on the basis of a single platform. However, even on their own, they can solve a large number of local problems. For example, traffic lights at intersections change based on the current traffic situation, which increases road capacity and reduces the likelihood of traffic jams. Automatic recording of traffic violations forces drivers to be more responsible, which, in turn, reduces the likelihood of accidents. Intelligent street lighting control saves energy.
ITS on the example of Moscow
- See Moscow Smart city Information technology in Moscow
- Center for Traffic Organization of the Government of Moscow (GKU TsODD)
ITS on federal highways
On federal highways, ITS is arranged somewhat differently than in megacities. But the use of ITS, as well as in urban areas, makes it possible to improve traffic safety, increase cargo turnover, passenger turnover, reduce operating costs for road maintenance, etc.
Situation centers on federal highways analyze information from various sensors and cameras, constantly monitor the number of cars, weather conditions, etc. On some highways, information boards are installed that warn drivers about various adverse road conditions.
In this regard, the experience of toll sections of federal highways is indicative. For example, on M-4 "Don" almost 400 km of motorways operate in a paid mode. The section from 21 to 93 km is a road of technical category 1A - a highway with separated oncoming traffic flows, the absence of traffic lights. ITS in this section allows you to monitor traffic, control traffic, notify drivers about weather conditions, inform about changes in the situation on the road.
Along the site, every 2-4 km, yellow terminals with the inscription SOS are installed, with the help of which you can call emergency commissioners. Assistance will also be provided when contacting the contact center of the toll road operator 8-800-707-23-23. If necessary, the road emergency commissioner calls emergency services, helps with the evacuation of vehicles to a special parking lot.
As a rule, toll road sections have all the necessary infrastructure: hotels, gas stations, car repair shops, cafes, toilets, multifunctional zones, etc. According to Roman Starovoit, head of Rosavtodor, in 2016 experts analyzed and optimized the work of service points along federal highways. He noted that the redundancy of service zones leads to congestion and accidents. As a result of the analysis, a general layout of service zones was created. According to the plans of Rosavtodor, 800 new facilities and 250 multifunctional plants will be created in the near future.
Other elements of ITS
The automated meteorological support system has been operating since 2007. Almost 1,000 weather stations and almost 1,500 video cameras have been installed on federal highways. The situation on federal highways is monitored online.
The operational monitoring system includes automated traffic metering points, their number reaches 1 thousand. Such systems are used by the situation center of Rosavtodor.
An analytical system for managing the transport complex (ACS TC) is in the process of being created. It is implemented to effectively monitor the state of the country's transport complex and the level of its technological security. ACS TC is planned to be integrated with all the most important information resources of both the transport industry and other spheres of the economy.
The State Information System for Navigation on Highways (GIS NAD) is in the process of being created. GIS NAD will form the basis of almost all navigation and information services.
Video recording cameras
2019
Competition for cellular coverage of federal highways R-21 "Kola", A-331 "Vilyui", A-360 "Lena" and R-504 "Kolyma"
On October 22, 2019 it became known that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications announced four tenders for the provision of subsidies to cover transport infrastructure facilities with cellular networks with the ability to call emergency services. More details.
MTS and DIT of Moscow tested smart transport solutions on the 5G network in Moscow
On September 18, 2019, Huawei announced that together with PJSC MTS and the system integrator NVision Group, with the support of the Moscow Department of Information Technologies, they tested smart city technologies in the pilot zone at VDNKh. More details.
Russia will create a unified federal monitoring system for intercity bus transportation
The concept of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Road Safety with the participation of unmanned vehicles
2018
Development of the departmental project "Digital Transport and Logistics"
The Ministry of Transport, together with the Ministry of Digital Development, ANO Digital Economy and the Analytical Center under the Government, within the framework of the state program for the development of transport, prepared a departmental project “Digital Transport and Logistics”. Transport Minister Yevgeny Dietrich spoke about this in November 2018 at a meeting on the digital transformation of the transport complex with Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. More details.
The Ministry of Transport plans to create a concept of a digital transport platform in two weeks
The goal of the project is to develop the conceptual foundations of a digital transport platform as an integral part of the digital economy of the Russian Federation. The contractor of the contract will have to analyze the subject area, determine the most rational options for an approach to solving the problem, and develop preliminary solutions. More details.
2017
Digital economy of the Russian Federation: Virtual reality will simulate road traffic
In 2017, the Government Commission on the Use of Information Technologies to Improve People's Lives and Conditions for Doing Business approved action plans for four areas of the Digital Economy program, including the direction “Formation of research competencies and technological groundwork”. The program "Digital Economy of the Russian Federation" was created by order of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin.
The VR and AR platform will also find its application for simulation of road traffic for traffic control centers: it will be used to create a software system for simulation of road traffic with the ability to display in virtual reality for traffic control centers.
The document provides for the creation of a software complex for instrumental monitoring of the diagnostic condition of roads, designed to collect, accumulate, store, consolidate, analyze and interactively visualize data on the condition of roads received from various measuring and registration equipment, government bodies and the population.
The purpose of this project is to provide an opportunity to transfer to interested organizations complete, objective and reliable information about the transport and operational state of roads, the degree of compliance with actual consumer properties, parameters and characteristics of traffic requirements in accordance with industry road regulations, as well as analysis of this information and reporting.
The project will solve the following tasks: diagnostics and certification of highways, assessment of transport and operational conditions, quality control of construction and road repair works, determination of consumer properties and technical level of the road, measurement of geometric parameters and definition of road characteristics, including identification of road defects. cover.
The project of non-cash payment for travel in Sochi
In 2017, NIITS developed recommendations for the administrations of Russian cities on the effective implementation of smart city elements without attracting budget funds. It was possible to develop recommendations under which it is possible to monetize some of the elements of the smart city. The recommendations suggest combining different elements of the smart city into one investment program that are attractive to private investors.
NIITS has developed a set of documents required for the implementation of the elements of a "smart city" at the expense of a private investor in Sochi. One of these elements is the complex Intelligent Transport System. The documents contain recommendations on the organizational, legal and technical appearance of the ITS. The estimate of the size of private investment in such a system of the city of Sochi is more than 380 million rubles, in the absence of city expenses.
Cashless payment will increase the efficiency of control of fare payments, ensure the introduction of a flexible tariff system, personalized accounting for the provision of benefits, increase the collection rate of fares, improve working conditions for workers in the passenger transport system, and provide the possibility of introducing a conductorless fare payment scheme. Dispatching will ensure the quality of traffic control of vehicles performing passenger transportation in the city, the quality of scheduling and analysis of routes, automation of maintaining the register of vehicles of carrier companies, analysis of data on the speed of these vehicles, automation of the formation of a forecast of the arrival of public transport at stopping points and others. improvements.
The uniqueness of the NIITS concept is that for the first time ITS is a part of the city's ecosystem, which includes an integrated solution: dispatching and non-cash payments tied to other elements of a smart city. Traditional cashless payment solutions are being implemented in isolation from the holistic smart city system.
Following the developed recommendations, city administrations can, through the implementation of some elements of the "smart city", develop other elements of this ecosystem without attracting budget funds. On the basis of the ITS, for example, elements of the “Sochi tourist platform” are based. Thus, the means of payment of a non-cash payment system for public transport is becoming universal. It can be used, among other things, to pay for other municipal services in Sochi, for example, beaches and other tourist and excursion services.
FSB arrested the head of the Moscow "smart transport"
The funds were allocated by the authorities for the maintenance and repair of the city's intelligent transport system (ITS), the contract amount is 3.9 billion rubles. Filippov was detained as a result of a search at the enterprise and taken into custody for two months. It is not known exactly what amount was allegedly stolen by him. The grounds for the arrest were part 4 of Article 159 of the Criminal Code of Russia, which provides for punishment for fraudulent and large-scale theft.
Research and Markets: the volume of the global market for solutions for "smart roads" will reach $ 2.6 billion by 2022
According to research agency Research and Markets, the market for solutions for building "smart roads" will reach $ 2.6 billion by 2022 with a CAGR of about 24%. The main driver of the market will be solutions aimed at ensuring road safety. The governments of many countries are seriously concerned about the increase in the number of road accidents, and information technology can solve this problem, the agency noted.
The most massive segment of the smart road market is traffic detectors. Research and Markets analysts predict that these sensors will continue to dominate the market over the course of 2016-2022 due to increased investment and the emergence of a large number of specialized startups.
2016
ITS equipment maintenance and repair services
According to J’son & Partners Consulting, by 2020 there will be almost 43 thousand connected objects in the ITS segment in Russia. The largest in terms of the number of connections will remain such peripheral devices as photo and video recording systems and vehicle detectors.
Assessment of the ATCM market and main trends
Smart traffic lights
ASUDD are designed for centralized or local automated traffic control (traffic and pedestrian flows). Such systems are a collection of peripheral devices united in a single network with a central control point (CPU).
Peripheral devices in the ATCS / ITS (for example, ATCS KAD) include:
- road controllers;
- traffic flow detectors (road traffic);
- signs and displays of variable information;
- video surveillance cameras (video cameras);
- automatic road meteorological stations (weather stations);
- subsystems of estimated weight control;
- speed control complexes;
- other "connected" devices.
Based on historical and current data received from sensors and cameras, traffic flows are regulated (for example, priorities are assigned). Both the selection of ready-made regulation models and the adjustment of individual existing parameters to the current conditions can take place.
According to J’son & Partners Consulting consultants, projects for the creation of complex ATCMS will be actively developed in our country, first of all, in connection with the need to further combat traffic jams and as part of a general strategy to increase road safety. An important factor is the possibility of replenishing regional budgets by automating the processes of fixing and issuing fines for traffic offenders. In 2016, a number of large cities, for example, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, etc., announced tenders for the creation of such systems.
The first intelligent (adaptive) traffic lights appeared in Moscow in 2007 on an experimental section of 7.5 km. The sensors located on them read data on the density and speed of vehicles, meteorological conditions, etc. The information is transmitted to a single control center for the system wirelessly and is used to optimally regulate the traffic flow. As of the beginning of 2015, a significant proportion of traffic lights in the capital are connected to the automated traffic control system (ATCS). Projects for the introduction of "smart" traffic lights are developing in other large cities - St. Petersburg, Sochi, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Yekaterinburg, etc.The first centrally controlled computer-controlled traffic lights appeared in the United States and Canada in the 1960s. In 2010, IBM developers planned to patent a technology that allows you to remotely turn off the engines of cars approaching an intersection if a red light is on at a traffic light. Copenhagen plans to install 380 smart traffic lights, which will be configured to give priority to cyclists and public transport. In case of successful implementation of the project, the speed of cycling in Copenhagen will increase by 10%, by buses - by 5–20%.
Means of automatic fixation of traffic violations
The complexes for automatic recording of violations of the Traffic Rules (SDA) include both photo and video recording means (“cameras”) and special technical means (measuring devices).
As of the beginning of 2016, in Russia, complexes of automatic recording of violations of the Traffic Rules covered several thousand control zones; since November 2014, their number has grown by 36%. The main trend in this segment is the expansion of the range of types of detected offenses. In addition to recording the facts of speeding, such systems record violations of the rules for driving at regulated intersections, the facts of driving into the “oncoming” and driving under the “brick”, violations in the zones of railway crossings, facts of failure to provide pedestrian traffic in the zone of pedestrian crossings and vehicle traffic on the lanes for public transport, violation of stopping and parking rules, etc.
The cost of installing a stationary complex for photo and video recording averages about 4 million rubles. However, the systems quickly pay for themselves, both in terms of economics (fines) and efficiency (reducing the number of DCTs). For example, in Tomsk, several stationary complexes for 10 months of 2015 collected fines of almost 58 million rubles.
In the Moscow region, stationary complexes for fixing traffic violations for the 1st half of 2015 brought 560 million rubles to the budget. Thus, private investors can also be attracted to the implementation of such projects, which can accelerate the pace of equipping roads with stationary and mobile complexes for photo and video recording of traffic violations.
Electronic means of non-stop fare payment
At the beginning of 2016, the only electronic means of non-stop toll payment used on Russian toll roads are DSRC transponders. These are relatively inexpensive devices that attach to the windshield of a car and communicate wirelessly with antennas at toll stations. To encourage the use of transponders, drivers are provided with discounts on fares.
A more ambitious project was launched on November 15, 2015. The Platon toll collection system was created to ensure compliance with the procedure for collecting tolls to compensate for damage caused to public highways of federal importance by vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of over 12 tons. The vehicle owner pays a fee using a choice of one of the fee calculation options:
- registration of a one-time route map;
- use of an on-board device equipped with a GPS / Glonass satellite navigation system.
In the latter case, funds are debited automatically.
There is currently no uniform understanding of the term "intelligent transport systems".
The range of confusion of concepts is extremely wide - from identification with automated control systems (ACS) to the global unification of information databases of the transport complex throughout the country and an automatic system based on artificial intelligence.
It seems that the following definition can be generalized:
ITS is a system that integrates modern information, communication and telematic technologies, control technologies and is designed for automated search and acceptance for implementation of the most effective scenarios for managing the transport system of a region, a specific vehicle or a group of vehicles in order to ensure the specified mobility of the population, maximize the indicators of road use. networks and transport infrastructure, improving the safety and efficiency of the transport process, comfort for drivers and transport users.
The global goal of ITS is to create a system for monitoring and managing the transport system in real time to improve the quality of transport services, reduce transport costs, and improve the environment and safety.
ITS objectives:
increasing the level of traffic safety;
increasing the throughput and carrying capacity of the transport infrastructure;
providing high quality transport services for all users;
reducing the harmful effects of the transport complex on the ecosystem;
improving the quality of planning and management in the field of the transport complex and transport infrastructure;
maintaining the transport network in proper condition.
ITS development tasks:
ensuring the dynamic development of trade and transport hubs and intermodal transportation of goods;
reducing costs and increasing the speed of communication on all types of transport based on the creation of a traffic management system in real time;
reducing the number and severity of accidents and road traffic accidents;
ensuring the safety of transport infrastructure facilities;
provision of operational automated control of transport movement and operational management of it;
raising awareness of road users;
reducing the mass of emissions of harmful substances;
development of electronic payment systems in transport.
Priority ITS subsystems:
- 1. Monitoring of traffic flow parameters (ensuring tracking of changes in traffic flows at all tracks and at all junctions, creation of a permanent transport model operating in real time), etc.
- 2. Video surveillance (full video coverage of the network, creation of a unified system for providing online video information that provides notification of the duty services).
- 3. Identification of incidents (coverage by the subsystem of junctions, bridges, places of concentration of road traffic accidents (RTA).
- 4. Meteomonitoring (management of information about the weather on the roads, including forecasting the weather on the roads, the creation of a unified meteorological monitoring system with meteorological services).
- 5. Informing road users (preliminary information, information in the process of movement).
- 6. Traffic management (implementation of situational traffic management, ensuring coordination between expressway traffic management and traffic management).
- 7. Weight and dimension control (introduction of a unified system of weight and dimension control on all highways).
- 8. Monitoring the work of road equipment (introduction of a unified monitoring system for road equipment).
- 9. Communication and data transmission (reliable and high-quality communication, allowing to ensure the functioning of a range of services for all road users).
Basic criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of ITS functions:
reducing the time spent by passengers on the way (reducing the time spent by land transport users by reducing the average trip duration, increasing the delivery speed);
reducing the cost of transportation (reducing fuel consumption and vehicle wear by reducing the duration and number of congestion, the ability to plan a trip route in advance);
reduction of environmental load (reduction of waste transport work).
ITS is a large range of services provided to users. The set of these services can be formed and expanded depending on the goals set within the framework determined by the national ITS standards. Otherwise, it is guaranteed to obtain local subsystems that do not interface with each other or with the system as a whole.
The formation of innovative ITS technologies is based, first of all, on the principle of modernization, reengineering of the existing transport infrastructure. With the scale of transport systems and many technologies, this process cannot affect all subsystems and elements at the same time. From here follow the important principles of phased development and modularity of ITS creation.
The idea of ITS on a global scale is largely implemented in civil aviation. ICAO standards and guidance documents the management of international flights, airport operations and passenger services using information and communication technologies, conceptually and technologically harmonized. All aircraft have communication facilities, autonomous satellite navigation, automatic piloting, anti-collision in the air, landing control, etc. Ground services have technologies for continuous monitoring and control in conditions of dense and separated air traffic.
The scope of promoting ITS in world practice ranges from solving problems in the interests of public transport, significantly improving road safety, eliminating congestion in transport networks, increasing the productivity of the intermodal transport system (including road, rail, air and sea transport) to environmental and energy problems.
ITS as a service system, classifying service recipients, defines five types of ITS users:
road users;
public transport passengers;
carriers of goods and passengers;
transport operators and transport infrastructure maintenance services;
emergency services (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Ministry of Internal Affairs, ambulance, etc.).
The most actively developing basic ITS technologies for transport infrastructure and vehicles are:
combating vehicle delays and congestion in transport networks;
improving the productivity of the intermodal transport system;
significant improvement in road safety.
The second direction of ITS development, which has been actively promoted over the past 15 years in Europe, the USA, Japan, and South Korea, is the implementation of the "intelligent car" concept.
In the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the term "on-board intelligent systems" refers to systems installed on a car to improve its safety and using information that comes both directly from the car's on-board sensors and from road infrastructure or other sources.
Currently, more than ten types of onboard ITS are on sale or undergo field tests:
distance control system in dense traffic;
lane keeping system;
driver fatigue (drowsiness) warning system;
side collision avoidance system;
car retention system when driving on a curve;
motorcycle detection system, etc.
Onboard ITS implement at least four functions:
assisting the driver in anticipating the traffic situation;
encouraging the driver to take action to prevent a dangerous situation;
reduction of driver fatigue with the redistribution of part of the load on driving a car to the ischemic heart disease;
automatic switching of control to the IHD, if the driver was unable to perform the necessary actions to prevent an accident on his own, or to reduce the severity of the consequences of an accident.
Already the first experiences of using on-board intelligent systems have shown that they can reduce the number of accidents by 40%, and the number of fatal accidents by 50%. Today, in Japan, ITS equipment is installed as standard on all high and middle class cars.
It is necessary to develop a unified approach to assessing the safety of onboard ITS, on the basis of which mandatory technical requirements for them will be established in the future. This task is being solved within the framework of the UNECE, where technical requirements are being developed and the efforts of representatives of state authorities of countries that have signed international agreements in the field of vehicle safety are united. The international program "Vehicles with increased safety", implemented by the governments of a number of states, is working in the same direction.
3. Modern trends in the development of intelligent transport systems in the world
In the conditions of the modern world economy, no industry, including transport, can successfully develop without a conceptual definition of policy, strategic goals and priorities, and the choice of means to achieve them, taking into account the effective use of available resources.
The problem of ITS development has acquired a strategic character and cannot be realized without the direct participation of the state. The lack of systematic work in this direction ultimately blocks the development of the ITS market, stopping it at the level of providing commercial services using local ITS components. The experience of the EU countries, the USA, Japan, China and other states in promoting ITS projects shows that in a market economy, only a unified state policy allows uniting the efforts of the state, business of all levels and sectors of the economy in solving national problems in the transport complex.
It should be noted that the degree and timing of the implementation of the goals of scientific and technological development, as well as the very possibility of achieving the strategic goals of ITS, in a decisive way, depend on the achievement of a constructive consensus of the state, business and science.
Many ITS technologies were originally developed in the United States, but institutional, organizational and political obstacles have allowed other countries to take the lead.
The United States is lagging behind the world's leaders in many ways in aggregate ITS deployments, particularly in providing real-time traffic information, integrating a vehicle with transport infrastructure, receiving computerized traffic signals, and maximizing the efficiency of ITS systems. This conclusion was made in a report by the Washington Think Tank of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, published by the National Academy of Sciences in June 2010. This is seen as the result of an excessive focus on the fact that "the private sector can develop and deploy ITS technologies on its own, when the principle of" each state has its own approach "operates at the interstate level.
The intertwining of local and corporate responsibility for road management in the United States is an obstacle that the European Union faced at some stage and the Commonwealth states will face in the near future.
In 2008, the European Union Commission adopted an Action Plan for the Accelerated Deployment of ITS in Europe and the Coordination of ITS in Road Transport with other modes of transport. At that time, the EU Commission stated that in this area "services were deployed on a fragmentary basis, which led to a patchwork of national, regional and local solutions without clear coordination, endangering the integrity of the single market." An example was given where a truck driver traveling within the European motorway network had to have not only GSM equipment and navigation systems on board, but also up to three or more different electronic payment systems in the EU Member States whose borders he crossed.
On July 7, 2010, the European Parliament and the Council of Europe adopted a new legal framework - Directive 2010/40 / EU, establishing uniform conditions and standards for all EU member states. The EU Commission has been tasked with checking the conformity of existing systems. To ensure the coordinated activities of ITS, the EU has introduced conditions, standards and specifications that will guide all EU member states.
The directive identifies four priority areas for the development of ITS:
1. Optimal use of roads and traffic information.
In the modern world, the production and distribution of goods largely depends on the organization of efficient and cost-effective logistics chains for transporting goods within the EU and beyond, just in time, especially in terms of the delivery of goods.
ITS tools are the main means of supporting effective real-time supply chain management, in particular through the exchange of electronic data between government authorities and stakeholders at border crossings.
2. Continuity of traffic and freight management on European transport corridors and in urban agglomerations.
ITS technologies are of great importance for the development of freight transport logistics, which provides for the provision of real-time information on the location and condition of transported goods (especially dangerous goods and animals).
UDC 621.833
ROLE OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY
E.A. Studentova
Indicators of road safety in some countries of the world are considered. A comparison was made of the indicators of the number of deaths per 100,000 people and per 100,000 registered vehicles in the selected countries and a conclusion was made about the dependence of such indicators on the degree of development and the level of implementation of intelligent transport systems and / or their individual elements. A diagram of the constituent elements of intelligent transport systems affecting the safety of traffic flows has been developed.
Key words: intelligent transport system, road safety, road safety indicators.
In the current decade, the issue of improving transport safety has become especially urgent due to the fact that in March 2010 the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020. The Global Implementation Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020 was released , which defines the overall goal of the Decade as stabilizing and then reducing by 2020 the projected level of road traffic deaths by developing and implementing sustainable strategies and programs for ensuring safety, improving the quality of data collection, monitoring progress and results of activities not only at the national but also at the global level.
In support of the Decade's action, the World Health Organization prepared the 2013 Global State of Road Safety Report, which identifies 5 key risk factors: speed, drunk driving, helmets, seat belts and child restraints. devices. Thus, all responsibility rests with the road users. However, in addition to the human factor, such threats to transport safety as the condition of the roadbed, street illumination, correct operation of traffic lights (and other equipment used on the roads), serviceability of vehicles participating in road traffic, weather conditions and some other factors should also be considered.
Since the last century, as measures to improve transport infrastructure, including increasing the safety of transport flows, many countries have begun to put into use certain elements of intelligent transport systems (ITS). ITS is a universal term for the complex application of communication, control and information technologies in transport systems, the result of the implementation of which should be the saving of lives, time, money, energy and the environment. ITS includes all types of transport and considers in their interaction with each other all elements of the transport system: vehicle, driver, infrastructure.
One of the first countries to begin research in the field of intelligent transport systems and the implementation of an integrated approach in the transport sector was Japan. Research began in 1973, and in 1996, the Comprehensive Plan for ITS in Japan project began. In the United States, the Five Year National ITS Development Program (1991) was developed and established. The European Union, together with Japan and the United States, in 1991 created a non-profit organization - the BYATUE society (ITS Europe), whose goal was to assist in the development of intelligent transport systems in Europe from scientific research to market investments, and China has joined the development of ITS since 1997. starting with the creation of a laboratory and the National Center for Engineering and ITS Technologies. Despite the fact that some elements of ITS have been introduced in Russia since the end of the 20th century, the field of intelligent transport systems remains quite new for our country.
One of the main priorities for the development and implementation of ITS is to improve road safety, this is what many measures and programs are aimed at, in particular, the eСа11 program developed by the European Community. EC-11, or emergency call, is an initiative to provide instant assistance to road users who have been involved in an accident anywhere in the European Union. A vehicle equipped with an “emergency call” system will automatically send a distress call to the nearest assistance center. Even if none of the participants in the accident is able to speak, the system will send a minimum of information, informing the rescue service about the specific location of the accident, thereby increasing the chances of the participants in the accident to save their lives and health.
To assess the impact of the level of development of intelligent transport systems on the state of the transport infrastructure and to answer the question of whether the introduction and improvement of ITS is one of the factors in increasing the level of road safety, let us consider data on road deaths in some countries of the world. Let's compare the show
The following countries are developing and improving intelligent transport systems: Japan, USA, China, Great Britain, Germany, Singapore and Russia (the development of ITS is one of the priority areas of the transport strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030). Let us compare with similar indicators of countries that do not show a high degree of participation in research on ITS, in particular, countries of the African region (Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Kenya). It is assumed that in countries that earlier began the development and implementation of intelligent transport systems on their territory, mortality rates are significantly lower. Data on mortality per 100,000 people (according to the source) are shown in Fig. one.
Fig. 1. The number of deaths per 100,000 people
Fig. 1 shows that the lowest mortality rates per 100,000 people really are in the countries that are working on the creation of intelligent transport systems, in particular, the best indicator is in the countries of the European Union. However, despite the introduction of ITS elements in countries such as Russia and China, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high and is approaching the level of countries in the African region. These figures may indicate that the introduction of elements of intelligent transport systems into the transport infrastructure is not a decisive factor in improving road safety in general and reducing the death rate in particular. However, the indicator of the number of vehicles differs very significantly for the countries under consideration. It is only natural that countries with higher road congestion will be more at risk of road accidents. In this regard, we calculate the mortality rate per 100,000 registered vehicles in the countries proposed for consideration. The calculation results (according to the source data) are shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The number of deaths per 100,000 registered
Vehicle
Fig. 2 demonstrates how much lower this indicator is in countries forming an intelligent transport system, while the lowest indicator is in countries that earlier began to implement and introduce such elements into everyday life, which indicates the effectiveness of activities carried out within the framework of ITS.
Thus, it can be assumed that the development and improvement of ITS really helps to reduce mortality on the roads, primarily influencing not the human factor, but the safety of the vehicle and the conditions for its movement. As mentioned earlier, ITS includes such elements of the transport system as a vehicle, driver, infrastructure. This description is incomplete and needs to be completed. Let's build a diagram of the main elements of the ITS, designed to ensure road safety (Fig. 3).
Equipping vehicles with innovative technologies means so-called "smart" cars that use elements of artificial intelligence, for example, the ability of an on-board computer to recognize the driver's voice and execute simple commands, such as turning on / off music, so that the driver does not need to be distracted by such simple actions. Creation of favorable conditions for traffic means maintaining the proper quality of the roadway, a sufficient number of traffic lights, and an acceptable level of road illumination. Traffic safety monitoring consists in the availability of a sufficient number of cameras, radars and the professionalism of the work of the authorized bodies, and the response measures after an accident take into account the speed of arrival of special services at the accident site and the level of their qualifications.
Fig. 3. Elements of ITS affecting the safety of the road transport situation
Thus, the considered mortality rates per 100,000 people and per 100,000 registered vehicles indicate that in countries engaged in the development, implementation and improvement of intelligent transport systems, or at least their individual elements, such rates are much lower, and therefore, the ITS elements presented in the diagram can be an effective way to improve the situation on the roads and should be more deeply worked out, in particular at the global level and be more widely disseminated at the national levels.
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Ekaterina Studentova, Ph.D., katerinka [email protected], mail.ru, Russia, Kurgan, Kurgan State University
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ROLE IN INCREASING ROAD SAFETY
Indicators of road safety in some countries of the world are suggested. Comparison of indicators of the number of deaths per 100,000 population and per 100,000 registered vehicles is conducted and conclusion about the dependence of such indicators on the degree of readiness and the level of implementation of Intelligent transport system (ITS) and / or their distinct elements is made. Scheme of ITS composite elements is developed.
Key words: Intelligent transport system, ITS, road safety, indicators of road safety.
Studentova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, postgraduate, katerinka [email protected], mail.ru, Russia, Kurgan, Kurgan State University
ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS OF REFUSALS OF PASSENGER BUS TRANSPORTATION ON REGULAR ROUTES IN ORENBURG
R.Kh. Khasanov, K.V. Fungus
The main reasons and the number of failures of parts, assemblies, assemblies and systems of PAZ-3205 buses are considered.
Key words: number of failures, reasons for failures, regular routes, safety of passenger traffic, easily eliminated failures.
One of the priority tasks in the field of passenger transportation by road is to provide conditions for the implementation of a high-quality and safe process. At present, the continuous growth in the number of vehicles in operation, the low level of equipment of the road network and, as a result, the unsatisfactory organization of the road transport process do not fully ensure the required operating conditions for vehicles. In addition, the properties of the constructive and operational reliability and safety of domestic passenger vehicles are not defined as properties with positive indicators. Therefore, within the framework of the task of ensuring a safe and high-quality level of the transportation process, it is necessary to identify and analyze the elements that regulate the operability of buses during their operation.
Despite the positive dynamics of reducing the average life of the bus fleet operating on regular routes, the overall situation does not meet all the requirements of the transportation process.
It uses innovative developments in the modeling of transport systems and regulation of traffic flows, providing end users with greater information content and safety, as well as qualitatively increasing the level of interaction between road users in comparison with conventional transport systems.
Despite the fact that in fact ITS can include all modes of transport, the European definition of ITS in accordance with Directive 2010/40 / EU of 7 July 2010 treats ITS as a system that uses information and communication technologies in the field of road transport (including infrastructure, vehicles, participants systems, as well as road transport regulation), and having at the same time the ability to interact with other modes of transport.
Prerequisites
Interest in ITS has arisen with the advent of traffic congestion problems as a result of the combination of modern modeling technologies, real-time control, and communication technologies. Traffic congestion is emerging all over the world as a result of increasing motorization, urbanization, as well as both population growth and increasing population density. Traffic congestion reduces the efficiency of the road transport infrastructure, thus increasing travel times, fuel consumption and pollution.
Intelligent transport technologies
ITS differ in the technologies used: from simple car navigation systems, traffic light control, freight traffic control systems, various signaling systems (including information boards), license plate recognition systems and vehicle speed registration systems, to video surveillance systems, as well as systems integrating information and feedback from a wide variety of sources, such as Parking guidance and information (PGI) systems, weather services, bridge opening systems, and others. Moreover, ITS can use prediction technologies based on modeling and previously accumulated information.
Wireless connection
Various types of wireless communication can be used in the ITS.
For example, radio communication over long (UHF) and short (VHF) distances can be used.
Over short distances, wireless communication according to the IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standards, especially the IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) standard, can be used. Also, for example, in the United States, the DSRC standard is used, promoted by the American public organization for intelligent transport and the US Department of Transportation.
Computing technology
Modern developments in embedded systems technologies allow the use of real-time operating systems, as well as higher-level applications that make it possible to apply developments in the field of artificial intelligence. The increase in processor power used in embedded systems, as well as their increased compatibility with processors in personal computers, is leading to increased reuse of code and the transfer of more intelligent services from the PC level to the embedded system level.
see also
Links
- Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security: Technologies and Systems Engineering. Francesco Flammini (IEEE Computer Society, Italy)
- Intelligent transport systems on the website of the Federal Target Program "Improving road safety in 2006-2012"
- Foreign experience: Intelligent transport systems
Introduction
1. Intelligent transport systems in Russia
2. ITV company
3. "Auto-Intellect" from ITV
4.The license plate recognition module
5.Module for monitoring the characteristics of traffic flows
6. Module "Radar
7. Kiev crossroads under the control of "Intellect"
Conclusion
List of sources used
Introduction
Traffic should now be regarded as one of the most difficult components of the socio-economic development of cities and regions. In this area, the most modern technologies for collecting and processing information on the parameters of traffic flows (density, speed, composition) should be used in order to ensure non-stop movement along streets and roads. The significant socio-economic transformations taking place in the country impose new requirements on the level of consistency of all spheres of society's life, including in the transport system. Meanwhile, in recent decades, an imbalance has been growing between the needs for transport services and the real capacity of all modes of transport. The possibilities of an extensive way to meet the needs of society in increasing the volume of passenger and cargo transportation by increasing the number of transport have been largely exhausted - especially in large cities. Currently, Russia is developing and implementing intelligent transport systems (ITS) of various scales. However, the time is ripe for the creation of a new generation intelligent transport system corresponding to the scenario of innovative development, the vector of which is set by the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. The creation of the Russian ITS Association is the most obvious way of development, given the high rates of implementation of innovative technologies and the urgent need for the country to use the transport resource more efficiently while reducing the negative consequences of motorization and reducing human losses.
1. Intelligent transport systems in Russia
The positive changes in the image of world transport at the turn of the 21st century are accompanied by a number of negative consequences, the scale and significance of which give grounds to assess them as strategic challenges of a national and even continental scale. These include an unacceptable level of human losses, an increase in the consumption of non-renewable energy sources and a negative impact on the environment, constantly growing delays of people and goods on all modes of transport, associated with both an objective lack of transport infrastructure capacity and a low level of traffic management.
The world transport community has found a solution in the creation of not transport management systems, but transport systems in which the means of communication, management and control are initially built into vehicles and infrastructure facilities, and the management (decision-making) capabilities, based on information received in real time, are available not only to transport operators, but also to all transport users. The problem is solved by building an integrated system: people - transport infrastructure - vehicles, with the maximum use of the latest information and control technologies. Such "advanced" systems came to be called intelligent.
In the last 10 years, the phrase "Intelligent Transport Systems" and the corresponding abbreviations - ITS, ITS - have become common in strategic, political and program-targeted documents of developed countries.
"Intelligent transport systems (ITS) is a system integration of modern information and communication technologies and automation equipment with transport infrastructure, vehicles and users, focused on improving the safety and efficiency of the transport process, comfort for drivers and transport users"
The scope of promoting ITS in world practice ranges from solving public transport problems, significantly improving road safety, eliminating congestion in transport networks, increasing the productivity of the intermodal transport system (including road, rail, air and sea transport) to environmental and energy problems.
Today, the most actively developing basic technologies for transport infrastructure and vehicles:
Highway Traffic Management
Commercial trucking
Prevention of collisions of vehicles and their safety
Electronic payment systems for transport services
Emergency Management
Traffic control on the main street network
Traffic accident management
Information management
Intermodal freight transport
Monitoring the weather on the roads
Road maintenance
Public transport management
Information for road users
One of the main directions of ITS development, which has been actively promoted over the past 15 years, is the implementation of the concept of an intelligent car. The international program "High-security vehicles" is in operation. Already the first experiments in using on-board intelligent systems have shown that they can reduce the number of accidents by 40%, and the number of fatal accidents by 50%.
The development of ITS is methodologically based on a systematic approach, forming ITS precisely as systems, and not separate modules (services).
A unified open architecture of the system, information exchange protocols, forms of shipping documents, standardization of the parameters of the used technical means of communication, control and management, management procedures, etc. are being formed.
The organizational and methodological basis for the development of ITS is the national concepts of ITS development, national ITS architectures and Development Programs; the formation of ITS market packages has become an important tool for attracting new players to this market.
The ITS concept is a vision of user services, the ideology of building a system, setting goals and developing plans for the systematic and effective promotion of ITS in Russia.
The conceptual scheme for constructing an ITS should be considered as the organization of a systemic form of interaction of all types of transport, the most efficient use of the transport resource due to joint transport operations with the most rational options for structural flow schemes for the movement of passengers and freight flows, ensuring the quality of transport services.
When developing the concept, one should take into account the possibilities and stages of development of the domestic global navigation satellite system GLONASS, which, being the basis for the coordinate-time support of the Russian Federation, is already being used in various areas of the socio-economic sphere.
ITS is a service system. Therefore, the architecture should be based on information about the possible needs for its services for users. In world practice, five main types of ITS users have been identified: drivers, pedestrians and cyclists, public transport passengers, carriers, transport operators and transport infrastructure maintenance services.
2. CompanyITV
ITV is a Russian developer of software for security and video surveillance systems.
ITV sees a modern professional security system as an open information platform built on the principle of an operating system, with a set of applications for solving a variety of tasks. The company views the security system as an infrastructure that unites all equipment into a single organism and ensures its well-coordinated operation using the latest algorithms for intelligent information processing.
The ITV product line includes both professional systems for large-scale enterprises using the principle of an open platform, and box-based solutions for small offices and even for home use.
Today the ITV company is more than 250 highly qualified specialists and years of successful work, which allowed it to take a leading position in the Russian market and enter the ten largest manufacturers in the world. Product-based solutions are used in more than 30,000 sites worldwide. More than 600 partners - installers and integrators of security systems are involved in the implementation of ITV systems.
3. "Auto-Intellect" fromITV
The task of monitoring the traffic situation is reduced, in fact, to monitoring a large number of fast moving objects. A person is poorly adapted to this type of routine activity, fatigue quickly sets in and there is no need to think about complete control over the traffic situation.
This problem is perfectly handled by Auto-Intellect - a solution for intelligent traffic monitoring and license plate recognition.
The system is based on three intelligent modules:
License plate recognition module
The module for determining the characteristics of traffic flows
Radar module
"Auto-Intellect" allows collecting statistics on traffic flows, helps traffic police officers to detect cases of traffic violations, automatically detects traffic jams. It can be used in conjunction with an access control system for automated control of the passage of vehicles.
4.The license plate recognition module
The license plate recognition module automatically detects and recognizes license plates in the field of view of the camera. It allows you to record and save in the SQL database the recognized license plate, as well as the image of the vehicle, part of the frame with the license plate and the time of registration. Thus, a database of all vehicles that have passed through the control zone is formed, with the ability to add a text comment to each recognized license plate. Together with the "Radar" module, which provides information on the speed of vehicles, the license plate recognition module can be used by the traffic police to register speed violators. It is possible to compare the recognized numbers with a third-party database of numbers (for example, cars listed in theft), which allows the module to be used for tracing purposes. Another important application of the module is its use in systems of automatic accounting and control of vehicle access to guarded objects and paid parking lots.