The sand rat, we found that one part of it in particular had many more mutations than the genes of other rodents. All genes in this mutation hotspot had DNA rich in cytosine and guanine and were mutated to such an extent that they were difficult to detect using standard methods. Excessive mutation often stops a gene from working, but somehow the sand rat's genes continue to play their roles despite the radical change in DNA sequence. This is a very difficult task for genes. It's like singing "Katyusha" using only vowels.
This type of dark DNA has previously been found in birds. Scientists have found that 274 genes are “missing” from currently sequenced bird genomes. Among them is the leptin gene (a hormone that regulates energy balance), which scientists could not find for many years. Once again, these genes have extremely high levels of cytosine and guanine, and their products are found in the body tissues of birds, even if the genes themselves do not appear to be in the genomic sequences.
A ray of light in dark DNA
Most textbooks contain a definition from which it follows that evolution occurs in two stages: mutation is followed by natural selection. DNA mutation is a common and long-lasting process that occurs completely randomly. Natural selection determines which mutations should pass and which should not, usually depending on how they performed during reproduction. In short, a mutation creates a variation in an organism's DNA, and natural selection decides whether it stays or weeds out, and that's how evolution happens.
But pockets of high mutations in the genome mean that genes in certain locations have a higher chance of mutating than others. This means that such hotspots may be an underappreciated mechanism that may also determine the course of evolution. This means that natural selection may not be the only driving force.
So far, dark DNA appears to have been present in two different and common types of animals. But it is still unclear how widespread it is. Could all animal genomes contain dark DNA, and if not, what makes gerbils and birds so unique? The most exciting puzzle will be to figure out what impact dark DNA has had on the evolution of animals.
In the sand rat example, a hotspot of mutation may have led to the animal's adaptation to desert conditions. But on the other hand, the mutation may have happened so quickly that natural selection couldn't work fast enough to eliminate anything harmful in the DNA. If so, harmful mutations could prevent the sand rat from surviving outside its current desert environment.
The discovery of such a strange phenomenon certainly raises questions about how the genome evolves and what we might have missed in existing genome sequencing projects. Perhaps we should turn around and take a closer look.
Mobile elements in DNA were discovered by American researcher Barbara McClintock in the late 1940s. Almost thirty years passed before the scientific community believed that the genome of an organism is not static, but is capable of changing, and during the life of one individual. Understanding this was helped by the work of Soviet scientists, who in 1976 identified mobile elements in the genome of the Drosophila fly. And yet, for a long time the scientific world did not realize the fact that, as it turned out after the complete decoding of the human genome in 2000, half of it is occupied by these strange wandering formations.
It is now known that the DNA of many animals, including humans, to one degree or another consists of mobile elements. Most of them are “silent”, that is, they do not manifest themselves in any way. But some are able to mobilize and start a chain of reactions leading to a dangerous mutation.
© Illustration by RIA Novosti. Alina Polyanina
© Illustration by RIA Novosti. Alina Polyanina
Transposable elements are differently organized small sequences of nucleotides ranging in size from seventy to ten thousand nucleotide pairs, which, generally speaking, are comparable to some short working genes. Like viruses, they cannot function independently outside the host cell. However, mobile elements are simpler in structure than viruses, and unlike them, they are not able to independently leave the body’s cell.
Locked in the genome, transposons nevertheless move along the DNA, creating and inserting copies of themselves into it. Scientists believe that mobile elements are easier to adapt for some useful work.
“This is the building material of evolution. When a useful function is obtained, the copy loses mobility,” emphasizes Churakov.
Pathogens or helpers of evolution?
Some transposable elements cut themselves out of DNA using the enzyme transposase and insert them somewhere else - quite randomly. They are called DNA transposons. In the bacterial genome, they perform the important function of exchanging genetic information between different species. For example, antibiotic resistance genes are transferred. In humans, DNA transposons are inactive.
Retrotransposons can independently manage the genome, performing both useful functions and damaging the host’s DNA.
For example, endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are particularly active in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and certain types of gastrointestinal cancer. However, there is no direct evidence that this type of retrotransposon causes the disease, and does not simply accompany it. The impact of these jumping genes on neural pathologies such as schizophrenia is also being studied.
Retrotransposons are associated with mutations that cause hemophilia A - blood incoagulability, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, beta thalassemia (lack of hemoglobin). Muscular dystrophy of the Fukuyama type, common among the Japanese, is also associated with the insertion of a copy of retrotransposons. In total, transposable elements are associated with about a hundred genetic diseases.
From an evolutionary point of view, the insertion of a retrotransposon into a gene does not always play a negative role. Thus, most species of whales do not have teeth. And this is due to the fact that a copy of a retrotransposon is introduced into one of the genes necessary for their growth. But whales acquired a wonderful plankton-filtering organ made from whalebone, which is closer in structure to hair.
Retrotransposons help track the evolution of a species. After all, once a copy is inserted into the DNA, it does not move anywhere from this place in the genome. And if we see it in two species, but not in the third, then the first two species are most likely closer to each other.
“A single-celled ciliate has two nuclei and a special mechanism that cleans the vegetative nucleus of all mobile elements. Moreover, the purification system (DNA splicing) uses one of the components obtained from a “domesticated” transposon,” Gennady Churakov gives another example.
It is impossible to completely clear the genome of transposons. According to the researcher, some of them are related to the functioning of the cell, such as Alu repeats, a type of retrotransposon that is found in all primates, including humans. They regulate gene activity and participate in the processes of splicing—assembling RNA genes from pieces.
“We are not able to remove all mobile elements, but, let’s say, we cut out only those elements that do not play an active role in the life of the cell. What will happen? The size of our genome will decrease by about half. Uneven recombination will decrease and ... evolution will slow down sharply. Perhaps “, a person will have to say goodbye to intelligent activity, since there is a point of view that the activity of LINE-type retrotransposons in neurons helps create the necessary diversity for the formation of associative chains,” explains the researcher.
Meanwhile, genetic engineers have already adapted jumping genes for their own purposes. By creating an artificial DNA transposon called "sleeping beauty", they breed transgenic animals for laboratory experiments.
Let's talk about DNA. But not about biological DNA, which scientists study, but about DNA as a multi-layered information program that determines the genomes of species, including humans.
The biological layer of DNA is a concentrated expression of information components that have developed under the influence of certain conditions on Earth. But the biological layer cannot reflect the entire volume of information that underlies the creation of species.
You as cosmic entities have access to the entire DNA information program in your galaxy and in your universe. It is customary to conventionally distinguish 12 paired layers of DNA (24). This is a very simplified diagram of the structure of DNA as a Divine information program.
In other universes there are up to 36 or more layers of DNA, and many of you came from these worlds (Lydia is one of these entities). This means that along with the DNA layers accepted in your galaxy, there are additional DNA layers that you can activate as needed.
Many embodied cosmic entities are now experiencing activation of the entire divine genome. This is necessary so that the cosmic entity is aware of itself as a single whole, including the manifested aspect in the physical body. This is how Tatyana began the process of building intergalactic DNA, which contains a set of 144 pairs of DNA strands (typical of our Universe).
Many cosmic entities, thanks to this activation, will be able to move into very high vibrational spaces and go to their home, which lies outside of your galaxy.
This is very important, because previously many cosmic entities, having disincarnated, were forced to remain in the circumplanetary space of the Earth, and it took a long time for them to be able to activate all their DNA layers while in a disembodied state.
Now these processes are accelerating, and the entities embodied on Earth with activated 12-24 layers of DNA represent continuous portals through which information and light codes of the Great Central Sun enter the Earth and the Solar System. This helps accelerate the evolution of the entire solar system, including the Earth.
We talked about the fact that on Earth there are now entities embodied that hundreds of thousands of years (and more) ago were engaged in the selection of DNA to create planetary species. And now these entities are again engaged on the subtle planes in creating new/modifying existing genomes and, being in the physical body, can test the modifications that occur with DNA on the subtle plane.
To do this, they must have established and activated connections between the biological layer and all other layers of DNA.
Now new viral programs are appearing on the planet that cause DNA mutations and can lead to the emergence of new diseases. Thus, the biological layer is faced with a cosmic challenge - how biological DNA is capable of reacting and resisting these viruses.
The human genome is very stable, but it must become more flexible to form new qualities of the physical body.
Planet Earth will continue to be under unprecedented cosmic influences of high-frequency energies. These factors also include the increased influence of the Sun in the range that was not active until the current time.
The atomic composition of the solar wind and solar coronal ejections is also changing. The Earth's magnetic field is becoming increasingly unstable.
Man must learn to assimilate these energies at the cellular level in order to survive. And its survival is ensured by adequate changes in DNA.
The faster a person activates all 24 layers of DNA, the better he will adapt to new conditions on Earth and in the solar system. On Earth today people still predominate with 1 or 2 layers of DNA activated. From an information point of view, any person is capable of activating the 3rd layer of DNA under the influence of the energies entering the planet. It's all about recognizing this need.
People with activated 6 layers of DNA have stability and increased vitality in a changing environment. Those who have activated 12-24 layers of DNA determine the vector of human evolution. Unfortunately, there are only 2 percent of such people on the planet.
Today it is no longer in the category of science fiction, but in advanced science. For many scientists, including Nobel laureates, have joined the pioneers of the spirit, declaring that this possibility is no longer only potential, but also real.
Biophilosophy, wave genetics, epigenetics, physiology, astrophysics, cosmology, cosmodynamics, fractal And the quantum physics report to us about their revolutionary discoveries that change the primary idea of man as a strictly conditioned and program-limited being.
SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES
Here's just some scientific evidence that shows this:
- Academician of the Academy of Medical and Technical Sciences, member of the New York Academy of Sciences, biogeneticist P.P. Garya confirmed experimentally and creating a biocomputer based on genetic structures.
- The sensational discoveries of Russian and American scientists are that diseases can be treated with information, that is, erasing “wrong” information from genes and cells. Experiments were conducted in which genes with healthy information were implanted into a cancer cell. While Western scientists were cutting single genes from DNA and inserting them wherever possible, Russian scientists were enthusiastically creating devices that influenced cellular metabolism through modulated radio and light frequencies, thus correcting genetic defects, this included reviving cells that had died from radiation in Chernobyl! They were even able to extract information patterns from a specific DNA molecule and transfer them to another molecule. Thus, the cells were reprogrammed with a different genome. For example, they successfully converted a frog embryo into a salamander embryo simply by transferring DNA information patterns!
- Discovery in 2006 by American geneticists and Nobel laureates in medicine and physiology Andrew Fire and Craig Mellow the principle of RNA interference, contributed to the creation of a new direction in gene therapy with a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of gene information, used in the treatment of viral diseases, pathologies of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease), malignant neoplasms, endocrine and other pathologies.
- The science epigenetics, unlike traditional genetics, does not experimentally confirm “genetic determinism,” because then the evolution of man with the ability to change and transform would simply be impossible. According to Bruce Lipton, stem cell biologist and Ph.D., not at all DNA is not our master, but the mind - conscious, subconscious and unconscious. And “genes are actually “blueprints”, “schemes” that have to be “read”, deciphered. The mind tells the cells what it plans to achieve, the cells attach to the "blueprint" - DNA - and create what the mind expects.
It is the subconscious (mostly, childhood memory formed by engrams, incorrect and false concepts and stereotypes), together with the unconscious contents of our intracellular memory, that contains the key to changing DNA.
- Theory Lipton confirmed by Carlo Venturo(Carlo Ventura), MD, PhD, is a professor and researcher at the University of Bologna in Italy. Doctor Ventura showed through laboratory testing that the DNA of stem cells can be altered using a magnetic field of a certain frequency. « It's like a time machine. You are reprogramming somehow these cells to return to an indeterminate state in which any decision is somehow possible, even if the decision is made to become almost any kind of cell in the body.”
- Member of the Association for the Study of Consciousness and the Institute for the Study of the Human Future, Doctor of Philosophy and Psychology R.A. Wilson also stated that the future of human evolution in his metaprogramming (cybernetic) consciousness (?!)
- Ray Kurzvel, A specialist in the development of innovative technologies, this “tireless genius,” as the Wall Street Journal called him, claims that “within 15-20 years, the complete deciphering of the human genome will make it possible to ‘turn off’ the development of diseases and reverse aging.”
- And the regular guest of the television studio “Gayam TV” and the program “Cosmic Disclosure” by David Wilcock, Corey Goode, an insider, claims that genetic theories are not fiction and that in the Lunar Operations Directorate - the secret base of the SSP (secret space program) there is already equipment that carries out all kinds of healing.
- In addition, more and more information is leaking into the media about excavations in Antarctica, where well-preserved “samples of genetic experiments of the Pre-Adamites” - the ancient Atlanteans - were found frozen in ice, far beyond the limits of our imagination.
What all this information testifies to is that our ideas about ourselves and our capabilities were clearly hushed up by those in power at all times with one specific goal - to rule and exploit. Thus, as they say, ignorance does not exempt you from responsibility for your life - conscious and intelligently controlled or automatic, externally controlled.
A LOOK FROM THE PAST
The spiritual masters of the past showed us all the way to get rid of the hardships of “predetermined fate” by expanding the boundaries of perception and developing the ability to stay in “clear consciousness”, tracking and controlling the automatic and semi-automatic reactions of the body.
Raja Yoga Patanjali, Integral Yoga Sri Aurobindo, Agni Yoga Roerichs and Ida Yoga Gurdjieff They are similar in that the automatism of human nature, negative emotional reactions and thoughts are the mud that drags a bright soul to the bottom.
At the same time, for the majority of humanity, “too passionate about the struggle for survival and a decent life,” tough but effective measures are quite labor-intensive.
However, as always, there is a way out.
There are enough prerequisites for alternative methods. This does not mean that the path of the above methods is ignored. More precisely, on the contrary, it fits in and is used as a basis, a foundation.
HEALING MUSIC
One of the proposed methods is harmonious music, which has a pitch structure that 
enhances the vibrations of certain mantrams, prayers, affirmations, influencing the subconscious and unconscious, changing their inert and destructive programs, literally “rewriting” them.
Kryon And Hathors– one of the first who gave awakening humanity the music of healing and activation of additional spirals / layers of DNA.
There are other possibilities - less large-scale, but more individualized, when the music is selected in accordance with the vibration frequency of your cells at the level of various centers. That is, the difference in vibrations between the etheric centers (chakras) and their physical counterpart - the glands - is eliminated through musical and verbal influence, which is most effective in your particular case.
This is how co-tuning and subsequent change occurs.
This method is most effective when it involves changing destructive childhood programs, the so-called negative parental legacy, getting rid of engram– emotional emotional and mental healing. Technically, there is a “superposition” of harmonious patterns in the form of new ones, devoid of “traces of the past.”
This is only a general description of the process, because each specific case has its own approaches with an endless number of variations.
EFFECTIVE MECHANISMS OF CHANGE
We have truly outgrown our own limitations in matter. We need a new impetus that will allow us to go beyond the limited mind of desires and a qualitative transition to a new level of existence.
And this is largely possible thanks to the activation
This is not the repetition of mantrams or affirmations, because they have a rather weak effect on the subconscious and unconscious. By analogy, this is similar to how you influence water with the power of your thought - the structure changes, but the biochemical composition remains practically unchanged.
The entire activation process affects the etheric body, as a subtle analogue of the physical body, through 
an extensive network of nadis: Sushumna, Ida, Pingala and 144 channels of the body, including large centers - chakramas - energy information disks or flowers/lotuses (7 main and 5 auxiliary).
With the help of light, color and the corresponding rhythm of breathing, thanks to directed radiation and magnetism, we literally create a new symphony, which is picked up by the “cellular orchestra”. And this allows transformation processes to be carried out efficiently and safely, without distortion in the emotional and mental bodies.
In turn, the physical body gradually accepts this algorithm as necessary and important, changing not only structurally, but also changing its way of existence, biochemistry, and hormonal processes.
INTRACELLULAR HARMONY
Intracellular evolution, accomplished through conscious efforts supported by music, 
indicates to us that in this case the possibilities of DNA are limitless. For, as P.P. claims. Garyaev: “DNA can expand, emit photons and...sing in the megahertz range.”
And how can we not remember about harmony?
In the etymology of the word harmony, there are musical roots that are so familiar to Russian people. Initially harmonic, in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance, it was nothing more than the doctrine of the pitch structure of music, the prototype of the modern discipline of harmony.
Giving its name to the harmonica and accordion, harmony in Duetik it is the music of the individual “I”, which is the manifestation of the Soul and its harmonic overtones through the entire complex system called man.
Harmony, from the point of view it is also a grace analogous to man-made power consciously directed by a skilled self. The skillful “I” is our Soul, the Solar Angel, guiding the personality in search of the unity of the external and internal world.
In other words, Harmony is a balance between the dual nature of the external and internal worlds of a person.
Initially, the microcosm of man, represented by his personality through external search and implementation, seeks the macrocosm. But then, when he turns his gaze inward, he finds it within himself.That is, first of all, through research . The family tree of genotype (the totality of all genes of an organism) and phenotype (morphological, physiological, psychological and behavioral characteristics) is far from a complete “set”.
There are even more subtle influences –
The solar/spiritual/mental tetrahedron, with its apex up, is formed before the age of 21 and connects a person (child) with his father (unconsciously) through the center of the solar plexus, endowing him with a mental type of response (template).
Transformation also has physical and spiritual manifestations.
In genetics, transformation is the process of a cell of an organism absorbing a free DNA molecule from the environment and integrating it into the genome, which leads to the appearance of new heritable characteristics characteristic of the DNA donor organism.
In metaphysics, transformation is a conscious change of structure or form, manifested by the replacement of uncontrolled movements of the mind and vital/emotional/automatic nature by coordinated actions that change attitude and lead to its higher enlightened state and effective service.
Transplantation, despite the well-known narrow surgical focus, is not only an artificial intervention. Evolutionarily, this is a renewal, modification of body organs and restructuring of the work of systems, associated, first of all, with the partial replacement or complete elimination of organs and their systems that are unnecessary for the New Species of the Sixth Race, because this is.
Energybiosis– these are changes in the human body that will allow him to completely switch to feeding on the energies of the Cosmos. As this restructuring progresses, the need for food will gradually decrease and then disappear completely. We can observe such evolutionary dynamics in sun eaters.
“...for by Him all things were created, that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible...”
(Col. 1:16)
William Thomson (Kelvin), English physicist: “Concerning the origin of life, science categorically affirms the reality of creation.”
Lev Semenovich Berg, academician: “A random new feature can very easily spoil a complex mechanism, but to expect it to improve it would be extremely unreasonable.”
The more we understand the secrets of a living cell, the more we are amazed at how incredibly complex it is. The world of the cell is "a world of the highest technology and unsurpassed complexity"(microbiologist Michael Denton), with which no work of the human mind can compare. And Darwinists invite us to believe in chemical evolution: about four billion years ago, the random emergence of biological molecules began, first less, then more complex, which again randomly united into a cell.
In the 19th century, the French scientist Louis Pasteur experimentally demonstrated the impossibility of spontaneous generation of life and established the principle “all living things come from living things.” Evolutionists, however, did not like this principle. They stated that billions of years ago the natural conditions on Earth were completely different. In addition, they put forward a new idea, according to which life arose from inorganic matter. Pasteur's experiments showed that life does not arise from “dead” organic matter (remember from school that Pasteur boiled broth in flasks with bent open tubes in order to prevent the entry of microorganisms). Numerous experiments followed in which they tried to simulate the emergence of a “primitive” broth with the preliminary synthesis of organic molecules in the atmosphere. The attempts were unsuccessful, and in fact they proved the opposite: no “building blocks” of life will arise on their own without the intervention of an intelligent Creator.
The most famous of these experiments is that of the American chemist Stanley Miller in 1953. Under conditions of simulating a primary atmosphere containing, according to Miller’s assumption, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, water vapor, and exposure to electrical discharges, three types of amino acids and organic acids were formed in small quantities. Subsequently, the experience was recognized as incorrect and having nothing to do with reality, but it still appears in school textbooks.
Rice. 9. Structure of DNA and protein
The probability of random assembly of such complex biomolecules as DNA and protein in a strictly defined sequence of their monomers is zero.
Scientists now agree that the primordial atmosphere contained carbon dioxide, which was a source of oxygen, and nitrogen. Under experimental conditions simulating such an atmosphere, amino acids did not appear.
We will not dwell here on the fantasies of the Russian scientist A.I. Oparin, described in textbooks, about the so-called coacervate drops, which are clots of biopolymers in a “nutrient broth” and were considered by A.I. Oparin as the “precursors” of living cells.
Let's see where exactly the hypothesis of chemical evolution stumbled and what scientific data prove its complete failure.
Let us remember that proteins (or in other words proteins) are polymers, that is, chains consisting of units (monomers), which are amino acids. Of the approximately 200 known amino acids, only 20 are found in the proteins of living organisms. The simplest proteins contain about 50 amino acids, but there are those that contain thousands of monomers. In order for a protein to perform a specific function in a cell, the sequence of amino acids must be strictly defined. Replacing at least one amino acid with another, loss or, conversely, addition of amino acid units makes the protein unusable.
The probability that an average protein molecule, for example, of 500 amino acids in a certain sequence is randomly synthesized, is 1 chance in one with 950 zeros. For the functioning of a bacterial cell, at least 2000 different proteins with a strictly defined structure are required. The probability of their occurrence by chance is estimated as 1 chance out of one followed by 40,000 zeros. But besides proteins, there are many other biomolecules in the cell that make up complex structures. Let us note for comparison that in the human body there are many tens of thousands of different types of proteins. Attempts have been made to estimate the probability of all chemical bonds occurring by chance in a simple bacterial cell: it is one chance in one followed by a hundred billion zeros. This number defies comprehension. It is difficult to say how correct such calculations are, but remember that in mathematics an event that has 1 chance out of one with 50 zeros is considered absolutely incredible. Therefore, no matter how many zeros over 50 are counted, the conclusion is unique and unambiguous: neither biomolecules, nor cellular structures, nor the cells themselves can be formed by chance. Serious evolutionists understand this. And what is their answer? “We don’t know how life came into being, but not by divine creation.” Truly: “The fool said in his heart: “There is no God”(Ps. 13:1).
Let's return to the synthesis of the protein chain. The spontaneous assembly of amino acids into a protein molecule encounters a number of difficulties. First of all, we note that amino acid units should not be connected in any of many possible ways, but only with a special bond, the so-called peptide bond, and only linearly, without branches. In the “primitive broth” its formation is simply impossible. Firstly, the reaction shifts towards the breakdown of the polypeptide into amino acids, and secondly, the amino acids themselves are chemically highly active substances and will react preferentially with other compounds rather than with each other. In a chemical laboratory, to obtain a polypeptide, active groups in the amino acid that are not involved in the formation of the peptide bond are blocked. Who blocked them in the “primitive broth”?
And finally, one more thing. The evolutionary scenario of random spontaneous protein formation does not work for the reason that only L-amino acids are present in a living organism. The fact is that each of the 20 amino acids (except one) has two symmetrical, mirror L- and D-forms, like the right and left hands of a person. Outside a living organism, amino acids exist as a mixture of equal amounts of these two forms. Who selected L-amino acids in the “primitive broth” for spontaneous protein synthesis? "Wise" nature? It is completely absurd to think that only L-forms of amino acids could line up randomly in a protein. The inclusion of a single D-amino acid in a polypeptide chain makes it non-functional. A strict sequence of L-amino acids is a necessary condition for the formation of the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein, that is, in a special way of laying a long protein chain in space, without which the protein cannot be active.
It was noted above that the “ancient” atmosphere of the Earth contained oxygen (traces of it were found in all sedimentary layers). This alone makes it impossible to accumulate amino acids due to the chemical aggressiveness of oxygen: the amino acids would simply be destroyed. Atmospheric oxygen (more precisely, its ozone form) is absolutely necessary for protection from the harmful ultraviolet radiation of the Sun. But even if we assume that there was no oxygen in the atmosphere, then in the absence of the ozone shield, biological molecules would have been destroyed by ultraviolet radiation. Biomolecules would not “survive” in either atmosphere.
So, we see that already at the level of protein formation, evolutionary views collapse. But this is not all dead ends for Darwinists.
Deoxyribonucleic acids encode information about the structure of all protein molecules in the body. We have already said that information does not arise by chance, it is the result of intelligent design. It is believed that the genetic material of one human cell contains 3-4 times more information than all 30 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica. For this information to be meaningful, the DNA chain must contain a strict sequence of its monomers - nucleotides (remember that there are 4 types). The genetic code is as follows: each of the 20 amino acids corresponds to a sequence of three specific nucleotides. The probability of random DNA assembly is zero. Moreover, for living cells, the phenomenon of mirror forms can also be traced in the structure of nucleotides: the deoxyribose sugar present in nucleotides is found only in the D form.
In a living organism, protein biosynthesis occurs according to an extremely complex mechanism: genetic information recorded in DNA using a four-letter alphabet (nucleotides) is transferred through a transport structure - ribonucleic acid (RNA), to the site of amino acid assembly - on special cellular organelles called ribosomes. And at all stages, many complex protein molecules - enzymes (catalysts that repeatedly accelerate the course of reactions) are required.
Thus, protein synthesis cannot occur without a program written in DNA, and DNA synthesis cannot occur without enzyme proteins. These are the scientific facts. And evolutionists claim that these processes in their evolutionary development proceeded in parallel. This is absurd. It is also necessary to take into account that all reactions require energy, which the body stores through a complex biochemical mechanism that requires many enzymes, which are also encoded in DNA. Is it really possible to continue to believe in the random origin of life? American biologist Edwin Conklin: “The probability of life arising by chance is comparable to the probability that an encyclopedic dictionary is the result of an explosion in a printing house.” English mathematician and astronomer Fred Hoyle: “To conclude that life is the result of a random process is tantamount to concluding that a tornado rushing through a junkyard can assemble a Boeing 747 from airborne junk.”
Many knowledgeable and talented scientists, using the latest scientific achievements and high technologies, have been struggling with the problem of creating life in a laboratory test tube for years and have not yet succeeded in this (will they succeed?). If the human mind could not construct life, can we believe that irrational matter once accidentally managed to do this?
Let's now talk about the “driving force” of evolution - mutations. What are they?
These are changes in the genetic apparatus of a cell at the chromosome level (for example, addition, loss of individual chromosomes, increase in the number of the entire set of chromosomes), within a chromosome (for example, loss, addition of chromosome sections), at the gene level (for example, insertions, substitutions, loss of individual nucleotides ). Mutations can occur spontaneously when DNA is copied (duplicated) during cell division. Let us remember what information dynamics says: information deteriorates to one degree or another during transmission. Mutations can also occur under the influence of so-called mutagenic factors (radiation, ultraviolet light, some chemicals, high temperatures, and others). Spontaneous mutations are quite rare. For example, in the case of gene mutations, 1 error occurs per 10 to the 11th power of nucleotides when copying DNA. Such errors are controlled and eliminated by special cell mechanisms (these are again enzyme proteins). There are additional protection mechanisms. Who cares about such protection? Naturally, inherited mutations must occur in the germ cells of the parent organism. The vast majority (99%) of the mutations that the body has not been able to eliminate are harmful mutations that reduce viability to varying degrees, even to the point of lethality.
Evolutionists, contrary to all the facts, claim that beneficial mutations create new traits that increase the stability and adaptability of organisms to the environment. The appearance of more and more new characters leads to the emergence of species, genera, families, and so on to the highest ranks of taxonomy. Let's figure it out.
Mutations are always damage to genetic material or loss of part of it, but not the creation of new (additional) genetic information. It has already been said earlier that creationists do not deny microevolution, that is, the variability of any characteristics in organisms within a “genus”. According to the creation model, the Creator initially created groups of organisms “by kind,” that is, within their specific genetic framework. And each trait contained a significant potential for variability. This allowed organisms to adapt to different environmental conditions through the rearrangement of genetic material or the loss of some forms of a trait and the manifestation of other forms. Let's look at how this can happen using a simple example. To put it simply, two genes are responsible for a specific trait in the body: one received from the father, the other from the mother. Let's take blood groups: there are three different genes for this trait and they are designated 0, A, B. But, as stated above, the body can only carry two of them (any combination of the three). And, let’s say, one parent had the combination AB (blood type 4), and the other parent had 00 (blood type 1). What will a child inherit if he receives one gene from each parent? This will be a combination of either A0 or B0, there can be no other option. If a child receives blood type A0 (group 2), then gene B is lost. And vice versa, if combination B0 (group 3) is inherited, then gene A will be lost. Let us now see how, as a result of rearrangement of genetic material, a new manifestation of a trait can arise. Suppose one parent has a combination of genes AA (blood group 2), the other has BB (group 3). The only possible option for a child is AB, but this is a new manifestation of the trait - blood group 4.
We already know examples with Galapagos finches and birch moths. We can add examples of the emergence of resistance in bacteria to antibiotics, in insects to insecticides, and others. In principle, beneficial mutations themselves may be responsible for the individual variability of organisms based on some characteristics, but this is difficult to prove. Due to the fact that mutations are rare, and beneficial ones are an insignificant proportion, and they should not occur in any cell, but only in sexual ones, there is no doubt that the results of positive mutational changes are very, very limited. It should also be taken into account that mutated genes, for the most part, are recessive, that is, they are suppressed, overlapped in a pair with a “healthy” gene and do not appear outwardly. The mutation will appear in descendants if two such recessive genes occur in a pair. This may be more likely to happen in a small, isolated population. In a large population, recessive genes are “lost.” Problems for evolutionists also arise in the sense that the appearance of something new often requires a combination of two, three, four or more favorable mutations, which further reduces the likelihood of the emergence of a useful trait.
It is hardly reasonable to continue to consider mutations as the engine of evolution. They do not lead to the emergence of a new “genus”. Let us emphasize this again. The biblical term “according to their kinds” occurs 10 times in the book of Genesis and can mean, as already noted, modern systematic categories from species to family for different “kinds”. The genetic framework of the “genus” cannot be cracked. They are reliably protected by natural selection. According to the Darwinian hypothesis, the evolutionary formation of a new organ goes through many stages. But the fact is that a “partially formed” organ cannot function and not only will not provide advantages to the individual, but on the contrary, as an anomaly, as a burden and hindrance to the body, as a deformity, it will be rejected by natural selection. Individual variations of a trait within a “genus” are carried out mainly due to the “shuffling” of existing genetic material or its partial loss. Humans widely use artificial selection to create numerous breeds of animals and plant varieties. Artificial “intergeneric” hybrids turn out to be non-viable or infertile. The people themselves also vary greatly in racial and ethnic characteristics. But evolution “from amoeba to man” has nothing to do with it.
We see that scientific facts indicate the impossibility of chemical evolution and the driving, progressive selection of beneficial mutations for speciation. The human mind can only remain silent and bow in admiration and awe before the incomprehensible power of God's mind and God's omnipotence.