1. General Provisions.
1.1. To independent work, the driver is allowed by persons not under 18 years old, having professional training and past:
- medical checkup. When evasion of the employee from the passage of medical examinations, the employee for the fulfillment of labor duties is not allowed;
- induction training;
- training in safe methods and techniques and verification of knowledge of labor safety;
- primary instruction in the workplace;
- appropriate training and briefings having the I Qualification Group on Electrical Safety.
Performance of work not related to the driver's responsibilities is allowed after the target briefing.
1.2. The driver must:
1.2.1. Observe the rules, rules and instructions for labor protection and fire safety, road rules, the rules of the internal labor regulation.
1.2.2. Properly apply collective and individual protective equipment, carefully apply to the workwear issued to use, specialobuvi and other personal protective equipment.
1.2.3. Immediately inform your immediate supervisor about the accident that happened in production, on the signs of a professional disease, as well as about the situation that creates a threat to the life and health of people.
1.2.4. Perform only entrusted work.
1.3. It is prohibited to use alcoholic beverages, as well as begin to work in a state of alcoholic or narcotic intoxication. Smoking is allowed only in specially equipped places.
1.4. Dangerous and harmful production factors when performing work are:
- nervous voltage when driving a car;
- Monotonicity of labor while driving a car;
- noise, vibration;
- uncomfortable working posture when repairing and maintaining a car;
- increased physical activity;
- increased (reduced) ambient temperature;
- increased air gas base (carbon dioxide content, carbon monoxide, gasoline vapor, sulfuric acid oxides, mineral dust, etc.).
1.5. Overalls and other personal protective equipment are issued according to standard sectoral standards.
The employer is obliged to replace or repair workwear, footwear and other personal protective equipment that have become unusable before the established period of socks for reasons independent of the employee.
1.6. If a fire occurs, inform the fire chart on the phone (specify the phone number) to the head of the work and proceed with extinguishing.
1.7. In case of illness or injury, both at work and outside it must be informed about this to the head and contact the medical establishment,
1.8. In case of accident, assistance should be assisted in accordance with the Instructions for Promotional Assistance, call a medical service. Save before the investigation at the workplace at the workplace, what it was at the time of the incident, if it does not threaten the life and health of others and will not lead to the accident, inform the RES leadership.
1.9. When a malfunction of equipment, devices, tools, report this to the head. Use and apply faulty equipment and tools forbidden.
1.10. Performing labor duties, the driver is obliged to comply with the following requirements:
- walk only on established passages, transitional bridges and sites;
- Do not sit down and do not climb on random items and fences;
- Do not climb and not descend running along flight marches and transitional bridges;
- Do not touch the electric wires, cables of electrical installations;
- Do not eliminate a malfunction in the lighting and power network, as well as starting devices;
- Do not be in the zone of lifting machine.
1.11. Pay attention to safety signs, signals and fulfill their requirements. Prohibiting security sign with explanatory inscription "Do not include - people work!" It has the right to remove only the employee who installed it. It is forbidden to include equipment, if a prohibiting security mark with explanatory inscription is installed on the control panel "Do not include - people work!"
1.12. When moving through the territory, the following requirements must be followed:
- walk only on pedestrian paths, sidewalks;
- move the highways only in the installed places;
- When leaving the building, make sure that there is no moving transport.
1.13. To drink water from saturators, equipped fountains or drinking tanks.
1.14. Each apparatus follows in the equipped rooms (dining room, buffet, food reception room).
1.15. When transporting people on a cargo car in the body there should be a senior, the surname of which should be recorded in the track sheet. It is forbidden to carry people by car, the body of which is not equipped with an awning and not equipped with a fire extinguisher.
1.16. Performance of increased danger is carried out according to the tolerance after passing the target briefing.
2. Security requirements before starting work.
2.1. When preparing a car to the exit, the driver is obliged to check:
- the presence of a certificate with a coupon for the right driving of a car, a travel sheet;
- technical condition of the car, the serviceability of the brake system, steering, lighting and alarm devices, wipers, mirror installation, cleanliness and visibility of license plates, as well as the absence of leakage of fuel, oil, water;
- air pressure in tires;
- the presence of a tool and inventory;
- refueling the car with fuel, oil, water, brake fluid, antifreeze and electrolyte level in the battery;
- the presence of a spare wheel, towing cable, first aid kit, jack, fire extinguisher.
At the dump truck, in addition to the overall technical condition, it is necessary to test the serviceability of the body, the lifting mechanism, the state of shut-off tools, the safety stop.
2.2. Refueling the car to produce with a non-working engine. The filling of cars with ethyl gasoline should be carried out from the benzocolone with a hose, equipped with a handouting pistol. It is forbidden to fill cars with ethyl gasoline using buckets, leek, etc., and also release ethyl gasoline to the container (canisters). The refill and the driver must be in refueling from the windward side of the car.
At the refueling point is prohibited:
- smoke and enjoy open fire;
- produce repair and adjustment work;
- fuel the car with fuel when the engine running;
- to allow overflow of fuel;
- To be passengers in the cockpit, salon or body.
2.3. Before refueling the engine cooling system by antifreeze, it is necessary:
- Check if there is no cooling system (in the connecting hoses, the radiator, the lenges of the water pump, etc.) of the leaks, and with the presence of it;
- Rinse the cooling system with clean hot water.
2.4. Departure of the car on a line with malfunctions that threaten traffic safety is prohibited.
2.5. Before the transportation of dangerous goods (acids, explosion hazardous substances) with a driver, a freight forwarder, a loader and other persons accompanying the cargo, instructs and the presence of protective equipment and fire extinguishing agents are checked.
2.6. The driver is obliged to check the reliability of cargo fastening, awnings and compliance with the installation of goods by the requirements of the Rules of Road Traffic and Labor Safety. If violations are detected, require them to eliminate the person responsible for loading work.
2.7. Before starting the engine, you must make sure that the car is inhibited by the parking brake, and the gear lever is set to neutral.
2.8. Before starting the engine of the car connected to the heating system, you must first turn off and disconnect the heating elements.
2.9. Starting the engine is performed using the starter. Use a starting handle is allowed in exceptional cases.
2.10. When starting the engine of the car, the following requirements must be followed by the launch handle:
- a starting handle turn upwards;
- Do not take a handle in the girth;
- with manual adjustment of the ignition advance, install later ignition;
- Do not apply any levers and amplifiers acting on the launch handle or the crankshaft ratchet.
2.11. Driver forbidden:
- use alcohol;
- transfer the car control to the face that is not specified in the track leaf, which is in a drunken state or does not have a certificate for the right to control the car.
2.12. Check the technical condition of the car and its aggregates when the car is released on the line and return from the line, when the wheels are inhibited. An exception to this rule is cases of testing brakes.
2.13. To inspect the car in the dark, you should use a portable electric lamp with a voltage not higher than 12 V with a safety mesh or an electric light with autonomous power.
2.14. When checking the technical condition of the car, it is also necessary to check the nomenclature and serviceability of tools and devices issued by the driver.
2.15. Before planting passengers on a cargo car, equipped for the transport of people, the driver is obliged to instruct passengers about the order of landing and disembarking.
2.16. The driver is obliged to be traced that in the bodies of trucks that are not equipped for the carriage of passengers, there were only persons accompanying (receiving) cargo, provided that they are provided with a place for seating below the level of sides.
2.17. The driver should be traced that cars sent to the transportation of right-barrel cargoes were additionally equipped with wooden wedges and, if necessary, with wooden strips (boards).
2.18. Before starting work, the driver is obliged to check that:
- Wind and side glass did not have cracks and dimming, impede visibility;
- the side windows smoothly moved from hand or glass-containing mechanisms;
- On the seat and back of the seat there were no failures, torn places, protruding springs and sharp angles: the seats and the back should have a good adjustment, providing a convenient landing of the driver.;
- locks of all doors, as well as the drive control door on buses were good, eliminating the possibility of their spontaneous opening while driving;
- Heating devices of the cabin and the cabin in the cold time were intact;
- Paul cab, cabin and car body littered with a rug that does not have random holes and other damage.
2.19. When preparing a car to the departure, the driver should be traced that the car management bodies are with good seals that impede the penetration of spent gases into the cabin or passenger interior of the car (bus).
2.20. The driver is obliged to check that the car is provided with anti-digit stops (at least two pieces) for plating under the wheels, a wide lining under the heels of the jack, as well as a medical aid kit, an emergency stop sign or a flashing red lamp and a fire extinguisher.
2.21. The driver is obliged to trace the cargo vehicle used to continuously transport people, was equipped:
- awning or other device that protects people from atmospheric influences transported;
- smooth floor, without through holes and cracks;
- sound and light signaling associated with the cabin;
- stationary or removable staircase for landing and disembarking people from the back side;
- the graft pipe of the muffler, derived for the size of the body by 30-50 mm.
The driver needs to check that the cargo car with the body of the type "van" used to transport people and cargo with mandatory accompaniment to people, moreover, had:
- Competitive opening of the outside doors located behind or on the right side of the body,
- a serviceable device for fixing the doors in the open position;
- serviceable locks that exclude spontaneous opening of the doors while driving;
- steps located directly under the doors, for the entrance and exit of people;
- lighting, protected from mechanical damage;
- A device for heating during the cold season.
2.22. Driver forbidden:
- to transport people on seamless platforms;
- on the cargo placed at or above the body side;
- on the long cargo and next to him;
- on tanks, trailers and semi-trailers of all types;
- in the body of a car dump truck;
- in the body of specialized trucks (refrigerators, etc.);
- staying in the car during its movement through the territory of the enterprise (when running, testing, permutation, etc.) of persons who do not have a direct relationship;
- the movement of the car while finding people on the steps, wings, bumpers, as well as on board;
- jump off from the cabin or car body on the go;
- to carry children in the body of even equipped cargo car;
- Resting or sleeping in the cockpit, salon or closed body in the parking lot when the engine is running.
3. Safety requirements during work.
3.1. Perform the requirements of the traffic rules and indication of traffic controls in accordance with the rules of the road.
3.2. Choose the speed of movement taking into account the road conditions, visibility and visibility, intensity and nature of the movement on the roads, the features of the condition of the car and the cargo transported or passengers.
3.3. Before serving the car back, the driver must make sure that no one carries around and there are no people or any obstacles nearby.
Before starting the movement by reverse under the conditions of insufficient review of the back (due to the cargo in the body, when leaving the gate, etc.) the driver must demand, and the shipper is obliged to allocate a person to organize the movement of the car.
3.4. It is forbidden to drive a car while on the footboard, with the open door of the cab.
3.5. Leave the car is permitted only after taking measures that exclude the possibility of its movement during the absence of the driver.
3.6. When repairing a car on the line, observe precautions:
- move to the roadside;
- set security marks;
- include overall lights with poor visibility;
- stop the car using the parking brake system;
- Include the first transmission, put the stops under the wheels. When working on the side of the road, it is forbidden to be from the side of the carriageway.
3.7. When carrying out repair work in an unheated room or outdoors, lying under the car or standing on the knees, it is necessary to apply sun beds, mats.
3.8. It is forbidden to warm the engine with an open flame.
3.9. Resting or sleeping in the cab cabin when the engine running is prohibited.
3.10. Coupling of a car with a trailer must produce three people: the driver, the hitch and face coordinating their work.
3.11. Places of unloading car dump trucks at slopes, ravines, etc. Should be equipped with wheelboats.
If the wheelset is not installed, then the minimum distance to which the car can approach the unloading to the slope is determined from the specific conditions and the soil sanding cone, which is negotiated in the contract for the production of works and is communicated to the driver.
3.12. Forbidden:
- to serve a car on the loading and unloading overpass, if there are no fences and wheelboats on it;
- Movement of a car dump truck with a raised body;
- to repair the car on the line of unauthorized persons (movers, accompanying, passengers, etc.);
- Install the jack on random items;
- perform any work, being under the car, posted only on the jack, without installing a goat;
- Use random items as a stand under a posted car: stones, bricks, etc.;
- performing any work on maintenance and repair of rolling stock at a distance closer than 5 meters from the area of \u200b\u200bloading and unloading mechanisms;
- Coupler when serving a car to the trailer to be between them;
4. Security requirements forend of work.
4.1. After returning from the line, clean the car from dirt and put in place allotted for parking. If necessary, leave an application for current repairs with a list of faults subject to elimination.
4.2. In winter, when stored in an unheated garage, drain the water from the radiator and the engine.
4.3. Stay for the night in a closed car are prohibited.
4.4. When the car is stopped, the driver, leaving the cabin, should protect the car from spontaneous movement - turn off the ignition or block the fuel supply, set the gear shift lever to the neutral position, slow down the parking brake.
If the car is even on a slight slope, it is necessary to additionally put the anti-tetting stops (shoes).
4.5. Going out of the car's cab to the roadway, the driver must first be convinced of the absence of movement both in passing and in the oncoming directions.
4.6. Before making a car to the place of heated parking, the driver must make sure that there is no leakage of fuel or eliminate it.
4.7. When stopping and parking at unlit areas of the road in the dark or in other conditions, dimensional or parking lights should be included on the car.
4.8. The width of the pass between cars in the parking premises should be sufficient for the free entry of the car in its place (for one maneuver), and the distance from the border of the pass to the car is not less than 0.5 m.
4.9. After the car setting to the parking room, the engine must be turned off.
4.10. In the premises intended for parking, as well as on the parking lots under a canopy or on the courts are prohibited:
- smoke, enjoy open fire;
- to produce any repair of rolling stock;
- leave open the neck of fuel tanks of cars;
- recharge the batteries (indoors);
- keep any materials and objects;
- wash or wipe caroline car body, parts or aggregates, as well as hands and clothing;
- Store fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel), with the exception of fuel in vehicles;
- refuel cars with liquid (gaseous) fuel, as well as merge fuels from tanks and produce gas;
- to establish objects and equipment that may prevent the rapid evacuation of cars in the event of a fire or other natural disasters;
- Start of the engine for any purpose, except for departure car from the room.
5. Security requirements inemergency situations.
5.1. With a traffic accident, drivers involved in it are required:
- without delay to stop and do not touch the vehicle, as well as other items related to the incident;
- if necessary, call medical care, and if it is impossible, send victims in passing transport to the nearest therapeutic institution;
- Report that happened to the authorities of the auto inspection, record the names of eyewitnesses and expect the arrival of the inspection workers.
- report on the steering of the RES.
5.2. If the fire occurs, during the movement, it is necessary to stop the car, take steps to burn fire extinguishing.
5.3. If a fire occurs, report on the fireplace by phone 01, the head of the work and start extinguishing.
When sunbathing, you must first exacerbate the flame with a girlfriend. At the same time, it is impossible to cover the victim with his head to avoid burns of the respiratory tract and poisoning toxic combustion products.
5.4. With the defeat of a person by electric shock, to free the affected effect of electric current and provide first medical care according to the instructions for rendering a prefigure help.
With a sudden disconnection of the voltage, it is necessary to remember that it can be filed again without warning.
4.5. If the driver is found when working at the facilities of the shipper and consignee of gross violations of rules and labor protection standards, which can lead to an accident, he is obliged to inform the person responsible for loading (unloading).
5.6. With a forced stop of a car on the side of the road or at the edge of the roadway, the driver is obliged to exhibit at a distance of 15-30 m behind the car. Emergency stop sign or flashing red lamp.
5.7. Before lifting part of the car, the jack must stop the engine, slow down the car in the parking brake, remove people from the salon (body), cabins, close the doors, install at least two anti-taking stops (shoes).
5.8. When hanging the bus using a jack for removing the wheel, you must first post the body, then install a stand under it (kids) and omit the body on it. Only after that you can install a jack under a special place on the front or back bridge and hang the wheel.
5.9. When pumping or pumping the tires removed from the car in road conditions, it is necessary in the wheel disk window to install the safety plug of the corresponding length and strength or put the wheel with a key ring down.
5.10. The hot-engine radiator tube must be opened in a mitten or cover with its cloth (rag). The cork should be opened carefully, not allowing the intensive exit of the steam towards the opening.
5.11. When the smell of gasoline appears during the movement, the driver must immediately stop the car, reveal the reason for the appearance of the smell and eliminate it.
5.12. By car running on gas fuel, with any malfunction of high and low pressure gearboxes, the electromagnetic valve must close the consumables and the main valve, and removing the faulty nodes from the car and send to the test to a special workshop (on a specialized site).
Instructions for labor protection for motor vehicle driver
This labor protection instruction for the driver of the vehicle was developed on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Labor and the Social Security of the Russian Federation No. 59n from 06.02.2018.
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. This Labor Protection Instructions for the motor vehicle is developed on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the Russian Federation No. 59n of February 6, 2018.
1.2. The fulfillment of the requirements of this Instruction is mandatory in organizing and implementing work related to the operation of motor vehicles (hereinafter - PBX).
1.3. This instruction does not apply to workers engaged in the work related to the operation of floor-leather wheeled vehicles (forklift trucks and electric goods loaders, autocars and electrocars, cargo carts) used in technological transportation operations within the exploited territories.
1.4. To independent work, persons who have reached 18 years of age, having a certificate for the right to manage this category of transport who have passed medical examination and not having contraindications for health, as well as those who have passed the introductory and primary labor protection instructions, Having studied technical documentation, instructions for the operation of the ATS used, which have been trained safe methods of work, internship in the workplace and verification of knowledge of labor protection claims that have an appropriate electrical safety group. As well as those who have been trained by fire safety and verification of knowledge of fire safety regulations in the scope of official duties, training methods for first aid to the victim during accidents.
1.5. The driver of the PBX should take:
- repeated briefing on labor protection at the workplace at least 1 time in 3 months;
- unscheduled instruction: when changing the technological process or rules for labor protection, replacement or modernization of production equipment, devices and tools, changes in the conditions and organization of labor, with violations of labor protection instructions, interruptions in operation of more than 60 calendar days (for work, To which increased security requirements are presented - 30 calendar days);
- Periodic medical examination in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation;
- Another test of knowledge of labor protection claims is no less than 1 time per year.
1.6. The driver of the PBX is required:
- comply with the rules of labor regulations;
- comply with the requirements of this Instruction, Instructions on Fire Safety Measures, Electrical Safety Instructions;
- comply with the requirements for the operation of the car;
- comply with the rules of the road;
- Use for its intended purpose and carefully refer to the issued means of individual protection.
1.7. The driver of the PBX should:
- to be able to provide the first assistance to the victim in an accident;
- have a medical first aid kit in the car, primary fire extinguishing agents;
- Perform only entrusted work and not to transmit it to others;
- while working to be attentive, not to be distracted and not distracting others, not to allow persons who are not related to work to the workplace;
- contain workplace clean and order.
1.8. The driver of the PBX should know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Each food, smoking, resting only in specially designated rooms and places. Drink water only from specially intended for this installations.
1.9. When malfunctions of PBX, devices, tools and other shortcomings or dangers in the workplace immediately stop the car. Only after the elimination of the noticed deficiencies continue to work on the PBX.
1.10. When operating a PBX on employees, the impact of the following harmful and / or hazardous production factors is possible:
- moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of technological equipment, tools, moved products, blanks, materials;
- Falling items (elements of technological equipment, tools);
- sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surface of technological equipment, tools;
- increased dust and gas supply of the working area;
- increased or reduced temperature of the surfaces of technological equipment, materials;
- increased or reduced air temperature of the working area;
- elevated noise in the workplace;
- elevated level of vibration;
- increased or reduced air humidity;
- increased air mobility;
- absence or insufficient natural lighting;
- insufficient illumination of the working area;
- physical overload;
- Nervous mental overload.
1.11. The PBX driver must be provided with personal protective equipment in accordance with the existing standards for the issuance of special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment (PPE), developed on the basis of inter-sectoral rules for providing employees with special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment.
1.12. Established special clothing, special shoes and other PPEs must comply with the nature and working conditions, to ensure labor safety, have a certificate of conformity or declaration.
1.13. Individual protection means for which there are no technical documentation, as well as with an expired expiration date, are not allowed.
1.14. Use workwear and other PPEs for others than basic work is prohibited.
1.15. The territory of the vehicle should be covered at night. Outdoor lighting should have control independent of lighting control inside the production areas.
1.16. The hatches of drainage and other underground structures on the territory of the motor transport organization must be constantly in a closed position.
1.17. For the movement of vehicles through the territory of the motor transport organization and the movement of workers, a schematic plan should be drawn up with an indication of the permitted and prohibited directions of movement, turns, departures and congresses. The plan should be highlighted at the motorport's gate along with the inscription "Beware of the car" and should be covered in the dark.
1.18. For the passage of workers to the territory of the motor transport organization in the immediate vicinity of the entrance gate, a passing or wicket must be arranged. It is forbidden to pass on the territory of the motor vehicle through the entrance gate.
1.19. When operating vehicles, the employer is obliged to ensure the optimal mode of labor and recreation drivers PBX in terms of their work and recreation, including on the basis of the use of tachographs in the manner established by the current legislation.
1.20. The use of alcoholic beverages, appearance at work and managing PBX in a drunken state, in a state of narcotic or toxic intoxication.
1.21. The driver of the PBX is obliged to immediately notify his immediate or higher leader of the work of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident or about the deterioration of his health, as well as all observed faults.
1.22. When a fire is detected or in case of fire:
- Stop PBX, turn off the ignition, overlap the taps of the benzing and fuel and lubricants;
- It is proceeding with fire extinguishing existing primary means of fire extinguishing in accordance with the fire safety instructions.
1.23. In case of an accident, to provide first aid to the victim, immediately report on the direct head of the workholder, take measures to preserve the situation of the incident (accident), if it does not create dangers of others.
1.24. Requirements of this Instruction on labor protection are mandatory for the employee. Failure to comply with these requirements is considered as a violation of labor discipline and entails responsibility in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Requirements for labor protection before work
2.1. Check the health of overalls, specialobuvi and other PPEs on the absence of external damage, wear serviceable SIZ, corresponding to the work being performed, get used, not allowing freely hanging ends, shoes button or lace out, wear a headdress.
2.2. Do not challenge overalls with pins, needles, do not keep sharp and fighting items in pockets.
2.3. Before departure, the driver of the PBX, together with the garage mechanic, the external inspection is obliged to make sure that the PBX is complete and check:
- the technical condition of the PBX and the trailer, paying special attention to the serviceability of the tires, the brake system, steering, coupling devices of the road train, lighting and alarm devices, wipers, on the proper installation of the rear view mirror, cleanliness and visibility of license plates and duplicating their inscriptions;
- the lack of fuel flow, oil and water, and in gas-filled PBX, the tightness of the gas equipment and highways;
- air pressure in tires in accordance with the norms;
- availability of good tools and devices;
- refueling PBX fuel, oil, water, brake fluid and electrolyte level in the battery, after which the mechanic introduces an entry into a special magazine on the technical condition of the PBX;
- the presence of a tachograph, fire extinguisher and first aid kits for first aid, as well as vest with reflective stripes.
2.4. The PBX driver is prohibited to be sent to the flight, if the technical condition of the PBX and additional equipment do not meet the requirements of the traffic rules.
2.5. Before leaving, getting instructed on labor protection about the conditions of work on the line and the peculiarities of the transported cargo, and in the direction of the long-term (longer than one day), check the staff of the PBX with good metal kisos (stands), a shovel, towing device, a safety fork for a key ring wheel , anti-skid chains (in winter).
2.6. Before starting the PBX engine, you need to make sure that the PBX is inhibited by the parking brake, and the gear shift lever (controller) is set to neutral.
2.7. Before starting the PBX engine connected to the heating system, it is necessary to pre-disable and disconnect the heating elements.
2.8. Starting the PBX engine should be made using the starter.
2.9. In exceptional cases (starter malfunction, the "cold engine" start) Start of the PBX engine is allowed to be performed using a starting handle. When starting a PBX engine using a starting handle, the following requirements must be followed:
- a starting handle turn the top below;
- Do not take a handle in grumps with a thumb (fingers should be on the one hand);
- With manual adjustment of the ignition advance, install later ignition.
2.10. It is forbidden to apply levers or other devices to enhance the impact on the starting handle.
3. Requirements for labor protection during work
3.1. Submit to the rules of the domestic labor regulation, other documents regulating the issues of discipline of labor, to carry out written and oral orders (orders) of the direct supervisor.
3.2. Apply secure methods and techniques of work, comply with labor protection requirements.
3.3. Do not charge your work to untrained and unauthorized persons.
3.4. The speed of the PBX in the organization's territory should not exceed 20 km / h, in the premises - 5 km / h, on the venues to check the brakes - 40 km / h.
3.5. In the direction of two or more PBX drivers, a senior group responsible for ensuring compliance with labor protection requirements should be appointed for collaboration for more than two days. The fulfillment of the requirements of this employee must for all drivers of the vehicle group.
3.6. Persons accompanying (receiving) loads should be placed only in the cargo CBC.
3.7. When the PBX is stopped, the possibility of its spontaneous movement should be excluded:
- the ignition is turned off or the fuel supply is stopped;
- The gear lever (controller) is set to neutral position;
- PBX inhibits parking brake.
3.8. When leaving the PBX cabin on the roadway, it is necessary to pre-make sure that there is no movement of both in passing and in the oncoming directions.
3.9. When working on road trains, the coupling consisting of a car and trailers should produce a driver, a hitch and an employee coordinating their work.
3.10. In exceptional cases (long-distance flights, transportation of agricultural products with fields) the hitch of the car and the trailer is allowed to produce one driver. In this case, it is necessary:
- slow down the trailer of the parking brake;
- check the status of a towing device;
- put special stops under the trailer wheels (shoes);
- Capture, including a compound of hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems of the car and trailer.
3.11. Before the start of the PBX movement, it is necessary to secure the rotary circle of the trailer with a locking device.
3.12. At the time of the work on the clutch of the car with a trailer, the gear lever (controller) must be in a neutral position.
3.13. It is forbidden to disable the gearbox to use the clutch pedal.
3.14. The coupling and drawbar of PBX should be made only on a flat horizontal platform with a solid coating. The longitudinal axes of the car tractor and the semi-trailer should be located on one straight line.
3.15. The board of semi-trailers with a hitch must be closed. Before the hitch you need to make sure that:
- Saddle-hitch, kkvorn and their fastening;
- the semi-trailer inhibit the parking brake;
- The front part of the semi-trailer in height is located in such a way that when the front edge of the support sheet falls on the sled or on the saddle (if necessary, it is necessary to raise or lower the front part of the semi-trailer).
3.16. When posting the PBX on the ground surface, it is necessary to align the installation site of the jack, put under the jack of the lining of sufficient sizes and strength to install a jack.
3.17. The disposal of car dump trucks in slopes and ravines should be equipped with wheelboats.
3.18. If the wheelset is not installed, then the minimum distance to which the car dump truck can be reduced to unload, should be determined based on the specific conditions and angle of the natural slope of the soil.
3.19. Before lifting part of the PBX, the jack must stop the engine, slow down the PBX of the parking brake, remove passengers from the cabin and cabin, close the doors and install under the continuous wheels in the stand of at least two stops (shoes).
3.20. When posting a PBX with the help of a jack for removing the wheel, you must first post the body, then set the goat (stand) and omit the body on it. Only after that you can install a jack under a special place on the front or back bridge and hang the wheel.
3.21. Do not:
- Serve PBX on the loading and unloading overpass, if there are no fencing and wheelbase on it;
- Movement of a car dump truck with a raised body;
- attract to the repair of PBX on the line of unauthorized persons (movers, accompanying, passengers, passers-by);
- Install the jack on random items: stones, bricks. Under the jack, it is necessary to put a wooden calculation (sleeper, bar, a board with a thickness of 40-50 mm) area more area of \u200b\u200bthe base of the housing of the jack;
- perform any work, being under the PBX, posted only on the jack, without installing a goat (stand);
- Performance of maintenance and repair of PBXs at a distance closer than 5 m from the area of \u200b\u200bloading and unloading mechanisms;
- when submitting a PBX to the trailer to be between the car and the trailer;
- produce on the line drivers of city buses repair work under the bus if available in the organization of technical assistance services.
3.22. When pumping or pumping in road conditions, the wheels removed from the PBX is necessary in the wheel disk window, set the safety plug of the corresponding length or put the wheel with a locking ring down.
3.23. The cork of the radiator on the hot engine ATS must be opened using the means of individual hand protection or covering it with a cloth (rag). The cork should be opened carefully, not allowing the intensive exit of the steam towards the opening.
3.24. When stopping and parking on unlit sites in the dark or in other conditions, dimensional or parking lights should be included on the PBX.
3.25. PBX driver is prohibited:
- control PBX in a state of alcohol intoxication or under the influence of narcotic drugs;
- to travel to the flight in a painful condition or with such a degree of fatigue, which can affect the safety of motion;
- when parking PBX sleep and relax in the cockpit when the engine running or start the engine to heat the cab;
- transfer PBX management to unauthorized persons;
- make maintenance and repair of PBX during loading and unloading;
- to transport passengers on a PBX, not equipped for the transport of people, as well as travel to the cabin of people over the established norm for this type of PBX;
- to tug a PBX for the purpose of starting the engine;
- warm the engine with an open flame, as well as when determining and eliminating malfunctions of the mechanisms;
- wipe the engine with a rare, moistened with gasoline, and smoke in close proximity to the engine power and fuel tanks.
3.26. Requirements for labor protection during the operation of ATS operating on gas fuel.
3.26.1. During the operation of the PBX, operating on gas fuel, should be inspected daily when issuing a line and return to check the tightness and serviceability of the gas system. The malfunction of the gas system (leakage) is eliminated on the posts on the repair and adjustment of the gas system or in a specialized workshop.
3.26.2. When the gas leak is detected from the replacement of the cylinder, it is necessary to release or drain the gas from the cylinder. The release of compressed natural gas (hereinafter - KPG) or a plums of gas liquefied oil (hereinafter - GSH) should be made on specially equipped posts.
3.26.3. When the gas leak is detected on the way, you must immediately stop the PBX, turn off the engine, close all the valves, take steps to troubleshoot or report a malfunction to the manual.
3.26.4. When stopping a PBX engine running on gas fuel, a short (no more than 10 minutes) Time a trunk valve can remain open.
3.26.5. The main and consumable valves should be opened slowly to avoid hydraulic impact.
3.26.6. Do not:
- to produce CPGs or merge GOS with an engine or ignition enabled;
- to hit gas equipment or fittings under pressure;
- stop a PBX operating on gas fuel, closer than 5 meters from open fire work, as well as enjoy open fire closer than 5 m from PBX;
- check the tightness of the compounds of gas pipelines, gas system and fittings open fire;
- to operate PBX with a removed air filter;
- run the engine when leakage of gas from the gas system, as well as at a gas pressure in cylinders less than 0.5 MPa (for CPG);
- to be at the post of issue and plum gas to unauthorized persons;
- smoke and enjoy open fire at the post of plum or gas outlet, as well as perform work that are not related to the plum or gas production.
3.26.7. Before refueling PBX gas fuel, you must stop the engine, turn off the ignition, set the mass switch to the "Disabled" position, close the mechanical trunk valve (if available); Consumables on cylinders should be opened.
3.26.8. When refueling gas fuel is prohibited:
- stand near the gas filler hose and cylinders;
- tighten the nuts of the fuel system compounds and knock metal objects;
- work without the use of personal hand protection tools;
- fill the cylinders in case of detecting the depressurization of the power system;
- fill the cylinders, the term of examination of which has expired.
3.26.9. After filling the cylinders, it is necessary to first close the valve on the filling column, and then the filler valve on the PBX.
3.26.10. Disconnect the gas hose is allowed only after the valve is closed.
3.26.11. When refueling the KPG vehicle, disconnect the gas-filled hose only after the release of gas into the atmosphere.
3.26.12. If during refueling the gas-filled hose is unloaded, it is necessary to immediately close the output valve on the gas filler column, and then the filler valve on the PBX.
3.27. Requirements for labor protection during the operation of the PBX in the winter season.
3.27.1. When carrying out maintenance, repair and inspection of the technical condition of the PBX outdoor (outdoors), workers should be provided with insulated mats or knee pads.
3.27.2. When refueling PBX fuel, filling guns should be taken with the use of personal protective equipment, observing caution and not allowing dialing and fuel from entering the skin of the hands and body.
3.27.3. Do not:
- to be released on the PBX flight having faulty devices for heating the cabin and cabins;
- touch metal objects, details and tools without the use of personal protective equipment;
- To warm up (warm up), the engine, other ATS units, as well as the equipment of the fuel system with an open flame.
3.28. Requirements for labor protection when the PBX is moving on ice roads and overflow through water bodies
3.28.1. The employer before the direction of the PBX in the flight on winter roads, the ice of rivers, lakes and other reservoirs should be convinced of their acceptance and opening for operation, inform drivers about the features of the route, safety measures and the location of the nearest traffic police, medical and road-operating organizations, as well as Premises for recreation drivers throughout the way.
3.28.2. The PBX movement on the ice-crossing highway must be organized in one row. At the same time, the PBX doors should be open, and seat belts are unfounded.
3.28.3. It is forbidden to travel on the ice crossing of the PBX carrying workers, as well as regular buses with passengers. Employees and passengers must be planted before entering the crossing.
3.28.4. PBX stops on ice crossing are not allowed.
3.28.5. Equipped PBXs should be immediately towed ashore.
3.28.6. On the ice crossing is prohibited:
- refuel PBX with fuel and lubricants;
- merge hot water from the cooling system to ice (if necessary, hot water is drained into buckets, which are beyond the limits of snow purified by snow and poured a scattering jet over snow cover);
- movement of PBXs in fog or forest and unauthorized changes in the route of movement;
- Stops, jerks, reversals and overtaking of other PBXs.
3.28.7. It is forbidden to enter the PBX on the ferry, finding on it and the departure of ATS with people, except for the driver, as well as landing people on PBX, located on the ferry.
3.28.8. After entering the steam, the PBX engines must be turned off. Engine inclusion is allowed only before departure PBX with ferry.
3.28.9. PBX on ferry should be inhibited by parking brakes. Under the wheels of the PBX, located at the entry-exit from the ferry, wooden or welded metal wedges should be laid or the designs of lifting fences that ensure the hold of the PBX from falling into the water during their random progress.
3.28.10. It is forbidden to leave on the PBX ferry with diesel engines with the transfer enabled.
3.28.11. Crossing columns of PBX VJDhod should be carried out after the preparation organized by the employee who is appointed by the employer responsible for compliance with security requirements.
3.28.12. All crossing participants must be familiar with the processes and security measures during its implementation.
3.28.13. Do not:
- counter movement when crossing
- Crossing through the aquatic obstacles of any width: in the flood, during the storm rain, snowfall, fog, ice drifts, at wind speed more than 12 m / s.
3.28.14. Under off-road conditions, a single PBX should not be sent to the flight for more than one day.
4. Requirements for labor protection in emergency situations
4.1. The PBX driver involved in the road traffic accident, which caused an accident (hitting people or a collision with another PBX), should immediately communicate in the traffic police bodies, its immediate supervisor or dispatcher, to provide first aid, if necessary, call the ambulance brigade by phone 103 or 112, take measures to preserve the situation of the incident (accident) prior to the arrival of the traffic police, if it does not create hazards for others.
4.2. A faulty PBX to take a tug with special devices can only after resolve the traffic police inspector.
4.3. In the event of a fire, take measures to extinguish the fire, report the guide, if necessary, cause fire protection by calling 101 or 112.
5. Requirements for labor protection at the end of work
5.1. After returning from the flight together with the garage mechanic, check the status of the PBX. If necessary, make an application for the current repairs with a list of faults subject to elimination.
5.2. PBX and a trailer clean from dirt and dust, put it in the installed place, make sure that there is no like a fire, and tighten the lever of the parking brake system.
5.3. Rent a waybill with a dispatcher or a responsible person.
5.4. Inform the direct supervisor about all the faces and measures taken to eliminate them.
5.5. Remove and remove special clothes in the closet, wash your hands and face with soap, take a shower. Apply for washing chemicals are prohibited.
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. Persons are allowed to control the car, who have passed medical examination and recognized by suitable for the fulfillment of this work, trained by the appropriate driver's license, which have passed the internship, checking knowledge of safe working methods that have passed the introductory and primary instructions in the workplace allowed to independently work.
· To immediately inform the direct or higher-level leader about the situation, threatening the life and health of people, about every accident or the worsening of his health,
· Pass periodic (1 time in 2 years) medical examination,
· Know the rules and order of behavior in case of fire,
· To be able to use primary fire extinguishing agents,
· Do not allow unauthorized persons to work
· Smoking in specially reserved places,
· Do not allow dripping alcoholic beverages during working hours,
· To be able to provide first assistance to victims,
1.17. It is forbidden to use the tool, devices, equipment, the driver with which the driver is not trained and not instructed.
1.18. For violation of the requirements of the instructions, the driver is responsible in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Requirements for labor protection before work
2.1. Before leaving the line, the driver of the car should:
2.1.1. Pass pre-trip medical examination
2.1.2. Get a waylist
2.1.3. Make the direct supervisor to verify knowledge
2.1.4. Get a target briefing on the conditions of work on the lines and features of the cargo being transported,
2.1.5. Wear overalls, fasten it on all buttons, fasten the goals of sleeves, wear footwear, and other personal protective equipment, according to work performed,
2.1.6. Together with the mechanic, check the technical service and completes the car and get a mark in the track sheet.
2.2. When inspecting the car, special attention should be paid to:
· Profitability of the battery, starter, brakes, steering, lighting, alarm, cabin doors, salon, heating device, boards, silencer constipation, and density of its compounds, etc.,
· Lack of fuel leak, oil, coolant,
· Air pressure in tires and their health,
· Application of the car with the necessary tools, devices, equipment, fire extinguisher, a first-aid kit and their health and completeness.
2.3. Before starting the engine, the car driver is required:
· Disconnect and disconnect heating elements,
· Burn the car in the parking brake,
· Put the gear lever (controller) to neutral position,
· Check the tightness of the power system;
· To heat the windscarette.
2.4. The driver of the car can use a starting handle only in the case of a starter temporary fault or when the engine starts after repair.
2.5. When starting the engine with a starting handle, the driver must comply with the following safety requirements:
· Do not take the handle in the girth,
· Starting handle turn upwards
· With manual adjustment of the ignition advance, install later ignition,
· Do not apply any levers acting on a starting handle.
2.6. The driver is prohibited:
· Machine engine start by towing,
· Heat engine, gearbox, leading bridge cartridges open fire,
· Operate cars with a removed air filter.
3. Requirements for labor protection during work
3.1. When working on the line, the driver of the car should:
3.1.1. Start the movement of the car, just making sure the absence of interference on the way of movement. On the car - dump truck, additionally, only with the omitted body.
3.1.2. Before going out of the cabin, turn off the ignition or block the fuel supply, brake the car in the parking brake, make sure there is no danger associated with the movement of vehicles, both in passing and in the counter direction. Do not jump from the cab, car body.
3.1.3. After leaving the cab, in case the car is stopped on a road area, having a slope (even insignificant), put the anti-tottal stops (shoes) under the wheels).
3.1.4. Timely clean the dirt, snow and ice with the footboard. Do not allow them to fall on them and fuel.
3.1.5. To relax in the car's cabin only with a non-working engine, since otherwise it can lead to the poisoning of carbon oxide contained in the exhaust gases of the car.
3.1.6. Before serving the car back to file a beep and make sure that this maneuver will not create danger, and that there are no people nearby.
3.1.7. Before the start of the movement by reverse in conditions of insufficient review of the back (due to the cargo in the body, when leaving the gate, etc.) require a person allocation to organize the movement of the car.
3.1.8. Open the radiator cork on hot engines in a mitten or cover with her cloth (rag). Tube to open carefully, preventing the intensive exit of the steam towards the opening.
3.1.9. Car refueling to produce in accordance with the safety rules set for filling stations.
3.1.10. For gasoline overflow, use a special device, sucking gasoline mouth through the hose is prohibited.
3.1.11. In winter, to prevent cases of frostbite while eliminating a malfunction on the way to work only in mittens. It is forbidden to touch metal objects, details and instruments with hands without mittens.
3.1.10. When refueling the car fuel in the winter, filling guns take only in mittens, prevent damage and fuel from the skin on the skin and body.
3.1.11. To open and close the sides of the truck, resort to the help of another person.
3.1.12. Get an additional briefing from a direct supervisor, when directed to work in the separation from the main base, on ice roads, crossing through water bodies and in roads, in accordance with the existing "labor protection rules on road transport."
3.1.13. If, when starting on a filling column, the engine works with cotton, then the driver is obliged to immediately drown out the engine and tow the car to eliminate faults in a safe place.
3.1.14. Do not allow persons accompanying cargo for a trip to the body of a truck.
3.1.15. To check the compliance of the styling and reliability of the fastening of goods and the awnings on the rolling stock of safety requirements and ensure the safety of goods, and in case of detection of violations in stacking and fixing the goods and awnings - to demand from the person responsible for loading work, eliminate them.
3.1.16. Transfer glass containers with liquids only in a special packaging, and it should be installed vertically (plug up).
3.1.17. When loading the body of a car with a bulk cargo to ensure that it does not rise above the body boards (standard or extensive) and was located evenly throughout the body area.
3.1.18. Follow the piece goods that rummage over the side of the body are linked to strong good rigging (ropes, ropes). It is forbidden to use metal rope and wire.
3.1.19. Ensure that the box, Katko-Bockerel and other piece goods be laid tightly, without intervals, strengthened or linked so that when moving (harsh braking, touching from and steep turns), he could not move on the floor of the body. In the presence of gaps between the goods, wooden gaskets and struts should be inserted.
3.1.20. Follow so that the barrels with the liquid cargo are set by the plug up. Each row of laid barrels should be subdined on the extreme rows. It is forbidden to apply other items instead of wooden wedges.
3.1.21. Transfer dusting cargoes in rolling stock (open bodies), equipped with canopies and seals. It is forbidden to transport hot loads in wooden bodies.
3.1.22. Carry goods exceeding body dimensions in length, width and height, in accordance with the requirements of the rules of the road.
3.1.21. Loads exceeding the dimensions of the rolling stock in length for 2m and more (long loads), transported on cars with the trailers - the dissolution, to which the goods should be securely attached.
With the simultaneous transportation of long loads of various lengths to monitor so that shorter loads are located on top.
3.1.22. Clear car body before serving to the place of loading from foreign objects, as well as from snow, ice, garbage, etc.
3.1.23. In the absence of a wheelbarrow wheel in the unloading places to require the consignee of the minimum distance from the slope or the break, which it can drive up for unloading.
3.1.24. To put your car is not closer to 1m from ahead of the standing car and at least 1.5m from the car standing on the side of loading or unloading. When setting a car for loading or unloading to observe the interval of at least 0.5 m between the building and the car and at least 1m between the loads of the cargo and the car. When loading or unloading the cargo using the battery, platforms, ramp height equal to the floor level of the body, supply the car close to them.
3.1.25. To ensure that the loading of the semi-trailer was carried out from its front part, and unloading - with the back.
3.1.26. In case of detection when working at the facility of the shipper or consignee of violations of rules and labor protection standards, which can lead to an accident or accident, require them to eliminate the shipper or consignee.
3.1.27. When stopping and parking on unlit roads in the dark or under conditions of insufficient visibility, include overall or parking lights of the car.
3.1.28. With a forced car stop on the roadside or road part of the road to repair the repair of the emergency stop or flashing red lantern.
3.1.29. When working under the car, it is possible to place the legs on the roadway.
3.1.30. If it is necessary to perform work under the raised body of the car, the dump truck establish inventory fixtures of the body fixation (stops, locksters, rods).
3.1.31. When pumping or pumping the tires removed from the car on road conditions into the wheel openings, install the safety plug of the corresponding length and strength or put the wheel with a key ring down.
3.2. When working in the winter season:
3.2.1. All maintenance work, repair and verification of the technical condition of the PBX should be carried out, as a rule, in heated premises.
3.2.2. When carrying out these works in unheated premises, or in the open air, if they are held under the PBX or standing on the knees, it is necessary to apply insulated mats.
3.2.3. To prevent cases of clamping when troubleshooting, only in mittens should be operated on the way.
3.2.4. When refueling PBX fuel, filling guns should be taken in mittens, observing caution, not allowing dialing and fuel from entering the skin and body.
3.2.5. When working in winter it is not allowed:
· Release to a PBX flight having faulty devices for heating the cabin and cabin;
· Touch metal objects, details and instruments with hands without mittens;
· Heat the engine open flame;
· To transport passengers, movers and workers accompanying cargo, in an open body.
3.3. Movement on ice roads, in roads, crossing through water bodies
3.3.1. The organization of movement on ice crossing and winter roads (Autosims) is carried out in accordance with the requirements of existing regulatory legal acts.
3.3.2. The employer before the direction of motor vehicles (PBX) in the flight on winter roads, ice rivers, lakes and other reservoirs should be convicted of their acceptance and opening for operation, inform drivers about the features of the route, security measures and the location of the nearest traffic police, medical and road-based bodies organizations, etc., as well as premises for recreation throughout the path.
3.3.3. The movement of the PBX on the high-speed crossing route is organized in one row. At the same time, the PBX doors should be open, and seat belts are unfounded.
3.3.4. It is not allowed to travel by crossing bus buses with passengers and cars carrying people. Passengers must be planted before entering the crossing.
3.3.5. Not allowed on the ice crossing any stops of the PBX. Faulty PBXs should be immediately towed to the shore of a cable length of at least 50 m.
3.3.6. In case of detection of cracks on the ice crossing, the driver must immediately inform the employees of the road and the administration of its organization.
3.3.7. At the ice crossing is not allowed:
· Fuel PBX fuel and lubricants;
· Dump hot water from the cooling system to ice; If necessary, water is drained into buckets, which are beyond the limits of snow purified by snow and poured a scattering jet over snow cover;
· Moving PBX in fog or PURGU and unauthorized changes in the route of movement;
· Stop, jerk, reversal, overtaking other PBXs.
3.3.8. Under off-road conditions, a single motor vehicle should not be sent to the flight for more than one day.
3.3.9. PBX through water bodies along the flood bridges and on other plaquescasters should be made in accordance with the requirements of existing regulatory acts.
3.3.10. It is not allowed to enter the ferry, finding on it and departure ATS with people, except for the driver, as well as landing people on the PBX, located on the ferry. After entering the steam, the PBX engines must be turned off. Engine inclusion is allowed only before departure PBX with ferry. PBX on the ferry should be inhibited by the parking brake. It is forbidden to leave PBX with diesel engines with the transfer enabled. Under the wheels of ATS, located at the entry from the ferry, wooden or welded metal wedges should be laid or the designs of lifting fences that ensure the hold of the PBX from falling into the water during its random progress.
3.3.11. Protection on ferry crossings and skipping at the PBX floating bridge with explosive, flammable, poisonous substances and other dangerous goods should be carried out individually. Finding by ferry when transporting passengers and other PBXs is prohibited.
3.3.12. Responsibility and ensuring security while moving on ice crossing, Autosomics and crossing the PBX through water bodies are assigned to the management of organizations, in the conduct of which they are.
3.3.13. Drivers are required to fulfill the instructions of workers responsible for movement on ice crossing, Autosomics and crossing through water bodies.
3.3.14. Crossing columns PBX VJrod should be carried out after the preparation organized by the employee responsible for compliance with security requirements, while the selection of the crossing plan is made.
3.3.15. All crossing participants should be familiar with the place of crossing and security measures in its implementation.
3.3.16. Broad need to designate milestones on both sides of the axis of the planted strip of the fusion. Verified BROT width must be at least three meters.
3.3.17. The location of the fusion, with regular use of them, should be marked with the "Brod" pointer on both sides.
3.3.18. Crossing the load of the truck is allowed at the depth of the fusion of not more than 0.8 m and at the rate of water flow no more than 0.7 m / s.
3.3.19. Single PBXs can only be shipped in places indicated by the "Brod" sign, while the driver must ensure that the depth of the fusion and the water flow rate does not exceed the established norms.
3.3.20. Not allowed:
· Counter movement when crossing the whale;
· Crossing through water obstacles of any width in the flood, during a storm rain, snowfall, fog, ice drift and at wind speeds more than 12 m / s.
3.4. The car driver is prohibited:
· Perform any work on the maintenance and repair of the car at a distance closer than 5m from the area of \u200b\u200bloading and unloading mechanisms;
· At the refueling point to use open fire and smoke, carry out repair and adjustment work, refuel the fuel when the engine running, allow overflow of fuel, allow passengers to be in the cabin, cabin or body;
· To allow the engine to work on a mixture of two fuels - gasoline and gas (except gasified);
· Smoking in the cockpit, car cabin;
· Transfer loads with ends, speakers for the side dimensions of the car;
· Turn off the cargo door of the cabin;
· Transport passengers in the body of an unequipped cargo car;
· To transport children in the body of a truck even equipped for the transport of people;
· The number of people in the cockpit, body and salon are more than indicated in the manufacturer's passport;
· To transport people on the steps, wings, bumpers and sides facing the body of an equipped cargo car, as well as with the unclosed doors of rolling stock;
· To put a car-dump truck for unloading under the LAP without permission of the owner of the LPP;
· Tighten the nuts of the compounds of the gas system under pressure and knock on metal objects;
· To allow for the repair of a car of unauthorized persons, including passengers and movers.
· Work lying on the floor (land) without a sun bed;
· Perform any work by car (trailer, semi-trailer), posted only on some lifting mechanisms (jacks, waists, etc.), except stationary;
· Perform any work without lining kids (stop or rods under the plunger) under the posted PBX (car, trailer, semi-trailer) to mobile (including the channel) lifts and lifts that are not equipped with two independent devices, one of which is safety, preventing spontaneous lowering of their working bodies in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard;
· Leave PBX after the end of work posted on the lifts;
· Planned under a hung vehicle (trailer, semi-trailer) instead of kozles wheels wheels, bricks and other random items;
· Remove and install springs on cars (trailers, semi-trailers) of all designs and types without pre-unloading from body weight by hanging the body with the installation of kozles under it or the PBX frame;
· Carry out maintenance and repair of the PBX with the engine running, with the exception of certain types of work, the technology of which requires the start of the engine;
· Raise (hang) PBXs for towing devices (hooks) by capturing them with cables, chains or hook of the lifting mechanism;
· Lift (even briefly) cargo, the mass of which exceeds the lifting mechanism specified on the plate;
· Shoot, install and transport units when swinging them with steel ropes or chains in the absence of special devices;
· Lift the goods under the oblique tension of cables or chains;
· Work on faulty equipment, as well as faulty tools and devices;
· Leave tools and parts at the inspection edges;
· Work with damaged or incorrectly installed stops;
· To start the engine and move the PBX with a raised body;
· To produce repair work under the raised body of a car dump truck, a dumping trailer without prior to its exemption from the cargo and installing additional stop;
· Wash the drive shaft with a scrap or mounting blade;
· Flow dust, sawdust, chips, fine trimming with compressed air.
4. Requirements for labor protection in emergency situations
4.1. In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, equipment breakdown, an accident, etc.) The driver of the car is required:
4.1.1. Immediately inform the boss, the mechanics (direct supervisor) about the accident that happened to him or by his fault, as well as about any accident involving other employees of the enterprise, whose witness he was.
4.1.2. In the event of a focus of fire, equipment breakdowns, loss of stability of nodes and aggregates of a car, an accident and other emergency situations, the driver must:
· Suspend work;
· Start the evacuation of people from a danger zone, leave the danger zone itself;
· Take measures to eliminate emergency situations, fire extinguishing with primary fire extinguishing agents;
· Ensure the preservation of an emergency situation or an accident, if it does not pose a danger to the life and health of people and will not lead to an emergency complication;
· Immediately inform the manager of the work (when working on tolerance), mechanics or boss on what happened.
4.1.3. In case of burning of flammable or other materials, use primary fire extinguishing tools.
4.1.4. Stew burning fuel water is prohibited. If it is impossible to glue the focus of the fire with its own forces, the driver causes fire protection.
4.1.5. The driver is obliged to give himself a first help in the accident at the accident in the accident in accordance with the "Instructions for First Aid In Accidents", deliver it to the nearest medical institution or, if necessary, call the ambulance brigade.
5. Requirements for labor protection at the end of work
5.1. At the end of the work, the car driver is required:
· Collect the tool, fixtures applied during operation, clean them from dirt and removed in the place allotted to store them;
· After setting the car for a night or long-lasting parking, turn off the ignition and turn off the "mass";
· Before setting a car to the place of heated parking, make sure that there is no fuel leakage;
· Clean the workplace, cab cabin and car body;
· Turn off the engine;
· Close the cabin on the castle;
· Remove workwear, footwear, clean them and clean it in a wardrobe;
· Wash hands and face with soap, if possible, take a shower, and after working with nodes and parts of a car operating on eaten gasoline, pre-wash the hands of kerosene;
· About all the problems found during work, notify your immediate supervisor.
The vehicle management is associated with great risk, both for the driver himself and for others. This work refers to the types of professional activity in conditions of increased danger. Consider the main issues of labor protection of drivers
The driver of the vehicle performing this work is imposed additional requirements for labor protection, including special training requirements, and tolerance to independent work, briefing on labor protection and periodic inspection of knowledge on labor protection.
In this article, we will describe in detail how to train the driver of the vehicle by labor protection, how to carry out compulsory medical examinations specified in 213 Articles of Labor Code of the Russian Federation, how to carry out an annual test of knowledge of labor protection requirements, how to organize an internship in the workplace, how many hours to pay internships And what documents need to be issued.
Also, this article will pay close attention to the issues of providing the driver of the vehicle by means of individual protection.
So, the vehicle driver is allowed to perform the driver of the vehicle not under 18 years old, which has passed a medical examination, which has no contraindications for health, which has the necessary theoretical and practical training, which has been introduced and primary in the workplace instructions for labor protection and training Special program, checking knowledge of labor protection requirements by the qualification commission, and received admission to independent work. The driver of the vehicle must be admitted to independent work by order of the head of the organization. A specific vehicle and inventory lifting devices should be enshrined for the driver of the vehicle. Transferring a vehicle to another driver without a written order of the head of the transport division or the order of the head of the organization is not allowed.
Only after medical examination and compulsory psychiatric examination, the employee is allowed to conduct an introductory briefing.
The employee is subject to compulsory preliminary medical examination according to the procedure for conducting mandatory preliminary (when admitting work) and periodic medical examinations (surveys) of workers employed in hard work and on work with harmful and (or) hazardous working conditions approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation April 12, 2011 Order No. 302n.).
Mandatory psychiatric examination is carried out in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.04.93 No. 377 "On the implementation of the Law of the Russian Federation" On psychiatric assistance and guarantees of citizens' rights in its provision. "
Requirements for training drivers for labor protection
The driver, regardless of the qualifications and experience of the work, at least once every three months should be re-briefing on labor protection; In case of violation of labor safety requirements, during a break in work for more than 30 calendar days, it must pass an unscheduled briefing. Repeated and unscheduled instructions are carried out under the primary briefing program in the workplace approved by the head of the organization. The primary briefing program in the workplace is developing the head of the transport workshop (site), and agrees the labor protection service. Wrong is a formal approach to the organization of briefing. In the registration journal, the primary briefing program, the number and full name of the safety instructions should be specified in the workplace.
EXAMPLE
The driver of the vehicle during preceding his tolerance to independent work should be familiar with his job description, labor protection instructions for drivers, with technical documentation for the car, with labor protection rules.
The duration of the driver internship depends primarily on experience in this type of vehicles.
If you accept the driver's work with great experience in the cargo car, and on the new work it will also ride about the same type of vehicle, you can restrict ourselves to 2-3 days of internship. At this time, the new vehicle driver will win the peculiarities of movement, braking, maneuvering, loading and unloading work, familiarize yourself with the logistics scheme adopted in this organization.
For example, a vehicle driver can master GPS navigation for three days, the rules for communication with the dispatcher, some specific techniques adopted at the new workplace. But the driver having the necessary category of controlling the vehicle, but the minimum experience in the loading and unloading operations must pass a strengthened internship, and if the employer decides, the internship can last 14 shifts. After all, in the end, the head of the organization is responsible for labor protection in the organization.
If for these 14 shifts, the experiment will show unsatisfactory knowledge and skills to safely manage the vehicle, independent work is not ondequate. The order is published, in which it should be indicated that the driver of the vehicle cannot be allowed to independently work, and this driver will need to be dismissed.
Many people return - after all, a preliminary medical examination, and psychiatric examination has already been passed, the money paid by the employer, how to be? Hold money from the dismissed is prohibited. Because medical examination and training are paid by the employer in accordance with 212 articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Since the internship is an essential element of learning, the entire period of internship must be paid in full, despite its unsatisfactory result.
Please note - when contacting the prosecutor's office, or in the work inspection, your organization is waiting for an unscheduled check. During this check, you will have to prove that the driver of the vehicle is really unbearable. Words to business are not sewn, therefore, the internship, as well as instructors, must be framed properly.
The primary briefing program of vehicle drivers must be approved by the employer, an order should be issued to each internship with both the mentor and the number of days or shifts, and the internship plan is attached. The plan is developing the head of the transport workshop in conjunction with the main mechanic, based on the training and experience of the driver.
At the same time, the leadership of the transport workshop should conclude why the internship was unsatisfactory. Perhaps the shortcomings will open in the organization of internships, such as: the lack of a plan, the issuance is obviously difficult to fulfill and rarely found in the practice of operations, the inability to convey theoretical and practical knowledge and skills to the listener. In this case, it is advisable to trust the internship in the workplace the most competent both with professional and from an ethical point of view to those skilled in the art.
The driver of the vehicle successfully passed the internship and admitted to independent work by order on the organization, should know: the device and appointment of automobiles operated, safety requirements for car maintenance, their parts, assemblies, units and instruments, safe disassembly, assembly, removal and installation techniques Wheels, appointment and properties of cooling and brake fluids, oils and fuel, safety measures when working with a plumbing tool, with electrical equipment. For this, the driver should have an electrical safety group not lower than the second. Someone will objected, why the second group, if there is its own self-electrons, etc. in the state, etc. The thing is that there are and frequent situations are possible on the road when the driver is forced to carry out unplanned TC repair, including using the power tool, or with a connection to an electric current network.
If the driver of the vehicle, in addition to the school certificate and driver's license, there is no other vocational education, such a driver should be sent to the training center for 72-hour training on labor protection. Only after this training in this training center will be assigned a group of electrical safety. Inside the organization, such "schoolchildren" issues the second group is prohibited by the rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations.
Pre-trip medical examinations
The procedure for holding pre-trip medical examinations is indicated in the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia of December 15, 2014 No. 835n. To conduct a medical examination within the organization, it is necessary to obtain a medical license, or the conclusion of a contract with a medical organization that has a necessary license.
Harmful and dangerous production factors in the driver
A vehicle driver, aimed at participating in the unknown profession of work, must complete the target briefing on the safe performance of upcoming work. For the unusual work of his profession, the work includes work in the area of \u200b\u200binfluence of the power line, etc. In this case, the work is carried out by outdoor tolerance, and the driver is a member of the brigade with the second electrical safety group.
The driver is prohibited to use the tool, fixtures and equipment, which is not trained in safe handling.
EXAMPLE
Recently there was an accident with a truck driver, which during the replacement of the wheel got a serious injury, as I used a jack in the work, the use of which he was not scientific. The Commission found that when training on labor protection in the instructional program, training, internships, and in exam tickets, there was a speech about pneumatic and hydraulic jacks, and the car was provided only with roll and screw jacks. The driver of the vehicle, without knowing how to use neither the other jack, began to install the screw jack and was injured by hand and forearm.
While working on the driver can have an adverse effect, mainly the following dangerous and harmful production factors:
- moving cars, machines and mechanisms, as well as parts of the applied tool, devices, equipment;
- increased slip due to grinding, moisturizing the surface of the floor, shoes;
- heated to the high temperature of the engine;
- hot couples and cooling engine liquid;
- increased gas and dusting air; increased concentration of fuel vapor in the air;
- unfavorable microclimatic conditions (temperature, humidity and air mobility working area);
- insufficient illumination of the working area;
- harmful substances included in oils, fuel, electrolyte, brake fluid, etc.;
- the possed mass of the car (for example, with a jack or lift) when working under it;
- sharp edges, burrs, roughness on the surface of parts and knots of a car, tool;
- electric current whose path in case of closure can go through the human body; physical overload (for example, when moving manually heavy units, wheels, batteries, etc.);
- uncomfortable working posture (for example, when performing work under the car).
To reduce the impact of harmful production factors on the driver's driver, the driver of vehicles should undergo a periodic medical examination according to paragraph 27 of Annex 2 to order No. 302n.
It is necessary to ensure a psychiatric examination of vehicle drivers. Such a survey is also carried out at the expense of the employer.
The driver during operation should be used by overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment from the impact of dangerous and harmful production factors.
The driver must be remembered to the toxicity of chemicals that make up the fuel, oils, brake fluid, etc. and comply with the rules of personal hygiene, including, before taking food, it is necessary to thoroughly wash your hands with soap.
To prevent the possibility of fire, the driver of the vehicle must comply with the fire safety requirements for itself and prevent violations of these requirements by other employees; Smoking is allowed only in specially designated places.
The driver is obliged to observe the regime of labor and recreation, labor discipline, the rules of the internal labor regulation; It should be remembered that the use of alcoholic beverages, as a rule, leads to accidents.
Driver's actions in emergency situations
In the event of a disease, the driver of the vehicle must inform the direct supervisor about his state of a direct supervisor and seek medical attention.
If an accident happened to anyone from the workers, then the victim need to provide first aid, to report an incident that happened and maintain the situation of the incident, if it does not create dangers for others.
The driver of the vehicle should be able to provide first aid, use the first aid kit.
The driver of the vehicle that made a violation or failure to comply with the requirements of the Instructions for Labor Protection, seems to be a violator of labor discipline and can be attracted to disciplinary responsibility, and depending on the consequences - and to criminal; If the violation is associated with the causing material damage, then the perpetrator can be involved in the material responsibility in the prescribed manner.
In case of detection of violations of labor protection requirements, which create a threat to health or personal security, the driver of the vehicle should turn to the head of the work and inform him about it; Before eliminating the threat should stop working and leave the danger zone.
Driver's Action Algorithm for Emergency Situation
In cases of accidents listed in Article 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employee must:
- Report directly supervisor. In accordance with Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, employees of the organization are obliged to immediately notify their immediate or higher-level head about each accident occurring in the implementation of actions caused by labor relations with the employer.
- Evacuation of the victim from the scene or immediate exemption from the affecting dangerous factor. Implementation of urgent measures to prevent the development of an emergency and the impact of traumatic factors on other persons.
- Call an ambulance brigade or rescuers by phone 112.
- Request for the victim (with consciousness) permission to provide first aid. If possible, to provide the first assistance to the victim, which includes an assessment of the state of the victim, inspection and assistance depending on the condition and nature of the damage.
- Provide transportation to a medical institution (in case there is no possibility to call the brigade of rescuers or ambulance, or their entrance to the scene is impossible).
- Start before investigating the accident atmosphere, what it was at the time of the incident, if it does not threaten the life and health of other persons and does not lead to a catastrophe, an accident or other emergency circumstances, and in case of the impossibility of maintaining it - to fix the current situation (compile schemes , spend taking pictures or video, other events).
- When investigating accidents, during an eyewitness survey procedure, give full and true information for proper and timely investigation into the accident and design of investigative materials.
The driver of the vehicle should be able to provide first aid. By providing first assistance in the wound, it is impossible to rinse with water with water, as it prevents the wound healing, causes the suppuration and contributes to the dirt on it from the surface of the skin. The first assistance of the victim must be rendered immediately and directly at the scene, immediately after eliminating the cause that caused the injury.
The first-aid kit should be both in the car and in the van. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 697N dated September 8, 2009, the composition of the road aid kit was changed: now it is reduced to a minimum, many drugs have disappeared from it, which were previously considered necessary, but under the new rules were unnecessary. Thus, aspirin, nitroglycerin, Validol, Validol, Nitroglycerin, Validol, Validol, Validol, Analgin, Activated Coal and Zelenka - They were replaced by universal dressing medications.
The funds included in the first aid kit (automotive) provided for by Appendix No. 1 when providing first aid to persons affected by road traffic accidents, it is recommended to be used as follows:
a) when providing first aid to persons affected by road traffic accidents, all manipulations perform in medical gloves (p.3.2 of the composition of the aid kit);
b) with arterial bleeding from a large (main) artery to press the vessel with fingers at the points of pressed, impose a harness of the hemostatic (Claim 1.1 of the aid kit) above the location of the damage, indicating the time of the harness of the harness, impose a gulling (tight) bandage on the wound .1.2-1.9 The composition of the aid kit);
c) in the absence of affected independent respiration to carry out artificial respiration using a device for the artificial respiration "Roth-device-mouth" (paragraph 2.1 of the composition of the aid kit);
d) in the presence of a wound to impose a pressure (tight) bandage using sterile napkins (p.1.9 of the composition of the aidhechki) and bandages (p.1.2-1.7 of the composition of the aid kit) or applying a sterile dressing package (p.1.8 aidhechka composition). In the absence of bleeding from the wound and the absence of the possibility of applying a gulling dressing, impose a sterile napkin on the wipe (p.1.9 composition of the aidhechki) and consolidate it with adhesoplasty (p.1.12 of the composition of the aidhechki). With microtrams, use bactericidal leukoplasty (p.1.10-1.11 of the composition of the aid kit).
The shelf life of the aid kit is always indicated on its packaging. As for the shelf life of the dressings and bandages, they can serve for long years, but the plasters and harnesses are allowed to use only for 5-6 years. It is impossible to complement the first aid kit with medicines. The composition of the aid kits to change is prohibited.
Appendix 1. The composition of first aid kit (automotive)
| No. p / p | Nizin attachment | Regulatory document | Release form (sizes) | If- check- in (pieces, packs) |
| 1 | Means for temporary stopping of outdoor bleeding and dressing wounds | |||
| 1.1 | Harness hemostation | GOST R ISO 10993-99 | 1 PC. | |
| 1.2 | GOST 1172-93 | 5 m x 5 cm | 2 pcs. | |
| 1.3 | Bandage gauze medical nonterina | GOST 1172-93 | 5 m x 10 cm | 2 pcs. |
| 1.4 | Bandage gauze medical nonterina | GOST 1172-93 | 7 m x 14 cm | 1 PC. |
| 1.5 |
Bandage gauze medical sterile |
GOST 1172-93 | 5 m x 7 cm | 2 pcs. |
| 1.6 | GOST 1172-93 | 5 m x 10 cm | 2 pcs. | |
| 1.7 | Bandage gauze medical sterile | GOST 1172-93 | 7 m x 14 cm | 1 PC. |
| 1.8 | Sterile dressing package | GOST 1179-93 | 1 PC. | |
| 1.9 | Napkins gauze medical sterile | GOST 16427-93 | No less 16 x14cm number 10 |
1 pack. |
| 1.10 | Bactericidal leukoplasty | GOST R ISO 10993-99 | No less 4 cm x 10 cm |
2 pcs. |
| 1.11 | Bactericidal leukoplasty | GOST R ISO 10993-99 | No less 1.9 cm x 7.2 cm |
10 pieces. |
| 1.12 | Lakeechoplasty rolled | GOST R ISO 10993-99 | No less 1 cm x 250 cm |
1 PC. |
| 2 | Cardiovascular Resuscitation Means | |||
| 2.1 | Device for artificial respiration "Roth-device-mouth" | GOST R ISO 10993-99 | 1 PC. | |
| 3 | Other funds | |||
| 3.1 | Scissors | GOST R 51268-99 * | 1 PC. | |
| 3.2 | Medical gloves | GOST R ISO 10993-99 GOST R 52238-2004 * GOST R 52239-2004 * GOST 3-88 * |
The size at least M. |
1 pair |
| 3.3 | Recommendations for the use of first aid kit (automotive) | 1 PC. | ||
| 3.4 | Case | 1 PC. |
Answers prepared by the editorial office of the site "MCFERE Protection of Labor"
Persons are allowed to control the car, persons not under the age of 18, who have passed pre-trip medical examination and having with themselves:
Driving license issued by the traffic police
Temporary resolution issued by the traffic police,
Certificate of registration of the vehicle
A way sheet with signatures - mechanics allowing the departure to the line of a technically serviceable car, the inspector on pre-inspection in the fact that the driver for health is allowed to control the car.
The driver can be allowed to independently work only after the introduction of an introductory instruction on safety and briefing techniques in the workplace. Periodically, instruction should be carried out every three months. In addition, the driver must be trained on safe techniques of work on the program approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.
The worker must only fulfill the work that is entrusted or authorized by the enterprise administration.
To be attentive and neat during the fulfillment of work, not to be distracted by foreign affairs and talk and not distract others.
Do not concern those in the motion of parts of the mechanisms, as well as electrical wires and current-carrying parts of electrical appliances.
When passing and traveling through the territory of the enterprise to use only established passages and drives, not to climb through the products laid on the floor or other items.
Do not stand and not pass under the raised cargo, avoid the passage under working on top.
When leaving the line to have true instructions.
The driver on the car is responsible for compliance with the safety regulations by all persons on the machine, and is obliged to require the fulfillment of these rules from all those related to the work and maintenance of the machine. If, in the production of certain works, conditions that are dangerous for the life or health of the chauffeur or persons on a car, the driver is obliged to immediately stop working and inform the representative of the customer.
Persons guilty of violation of this Instruction are responsible in administrative or judicial procedure, depending on the nature and consequences of violations.
- Security requirements before work.
Before departing to the flight, check the technical condition of the car and the trailer, pay special attention to the serviceable effect of the brakes, steering, lighting, sound signal, wiper, condition and degree of battery life, the health of the borties of the body, the adhesion mechanism with the trailer, the presence of an insurance cable, the absence Leaks of liquid, fuel, water and oil, tire pressure. On the untested and defective car or trailer and without a license plate, it is strictly prohibited to leave.
To know that all transport enterprises (garages, bases, parks) in terms of requirements for themselves by safety and sanitary conditions are divided into two groups:
a) the I-I group - enterprises having a list of no more than 30 cars;
b) II-2 Group - enterprises having a list of more than 30 cars.
Remember that:
In enterprises I group, car service is allowed without separating the parking area from the service area.
In enterprises II groups, car service must be differentiated, i.e. The parking zone must be completely separated from the service area and repair in a separate room.
Remember that the placement of cars in the parking lot, both in a closed room, and in open areas should be carried out with intervals from 0.6 to 1.0 m.
Between the rear outline of the car and structures of buildings, the interval must be at least a car over the back axle plus 0.5 m. In this case, the device is mandatory for the fencing (bruck), the width of which should provide the above interval.
Use shower when transporting cement, lime, garbage, coal, oil and other polluting goods.
Remember that cars of all brands, types and destination must be provided:
A good starter;
Windshield without cracks and dimming;
Windshield purifier acting automatically;
Side and rear windows;
Soft spring seat and sphere back;
Good floor cabin;
Competitive cab locks, providing the possibility of spontaneous opening.
Watch that the engine does not have the developed cylinders of the block, pistons and piston kins to avoid exhaust gas from entering the cabin through the Sapun.
Remember that the exhaust pipe must have a dense connection with the motor collector, the engine manifold and the muffler should not have slopes and cracks.
Before leaving the line to check the security:
Emergency stop sign,
A first-aid kit
A good fire extinguisher
A set of tools and devices that ensure the possibility of the production of small repair on the line;
Jack of appropriate load capacity;
Crown handle;
Flashlight, portable lamp;
Manual pump for pumping tires and blowing a system of benzing.
Store and transport tools and devices in the instrument box.
Watch that the car regardless of the brand is equipped with a reflective mirror, allowing the shoveline to view the way back the car.
Remember that trucks with a body of a dump truck:
Must have appropriate locking devices that ensure the impossibility of spontaneous tipping of the body;
Opening rear and side boards must have good accessories that do not allow spontaneous opening and providing tight closing of the sides.
The floor area of \u200b\u200bthe body must be smooth and smooth;
Finding the accompanying cargo of people is allowed only in the cabin cabin.
- Safety requirements during operation.
Do not allow the car repair and to start the engine with a handle that do not have the rights of people (movers, agent, passengers, etc.).
When you start the motor with the help of a handle, do not cover a launch handle with a thumb.
Do not allow loaders or passengers to go and sit on the move of the car, pass on the steps and wings of the car or standing on the body.
do not carry in the body of the onboard car of the persons not specified in the track sheet.
When laying and linking the cargo in the body, leave places for the carriage of movers.
In the body of the tractor, trailer and trailers, the transportation of people is prohibited.
At any stop, the machine must be put on the handbrake.
Do not ship the car and trailers over the mounted dimensions and loading capacity.
When loading and unloading the machine with load-lifting mechanisms not to be in the cab cabin and not to make it service.
Be sure to serve a beep:
At the entrance and departure from the gate of the base, the warehouse;
Initially, movement from the place;
When moving with reversal;
In places of limited visibility;
In all cases, the possible danger of the departure or collision.
When approaching the move, reduce the speed of movement.
Move through a railway crossing at a speed of no more than 5 km / h, making sure of complete safety for movement.
Do not allow the speed of the vehicle on the access roads and drives more than 10 km / h, and in the industrial premises - 5 km / h.
Repair and maintenance of the car:
When repairing and maintaining a car, the driver is prohibited from performing the following works without special permission:
Processing of metals on a drilling machine with a manual or pneumatic tool, manual e-zelanet;
Sharpening tools at sharpening machines;
Work using lifting machines;
Gas welding work.
To fulfill the above works require special training and careful instruction in safety measures in the scope of instructions according to these works.
Before starting the repair and maintenance of the car:
We put work clothes: to fasten the wise sleeves, fill out clothes so that there are no hanging ends of the clothes, remove the hair under a tightly fitting headdress.
Check availability and operation of manual tools, devices and PPEs.
Carefully inspect the workplace, bring it in order. Remove all interfering outsiders.
Ensure that the workplace is quite lit and the light does not blind eyes.
If you need to enjoy portable email, check whether the protective grid is on the lamp, whether the cord is working and an insulating rubber tube. Carrying voltage is allowed not higher than 12 V.
If there is an e-welding work near the workplace to require the administration of the EXPLE installation to protect the eyes and face from the action of the rays or put on specials. Protective glasses.
When installing a car on the repair pit, all the gas tanks are closed with refractory covers.
During the repair and maintenance of the car:
Drains of oil and car units produce only in a special container. Randomly flying oil or solidol to fall asleep with sawdust or dry sand and assemble in a specially designated place.
Do not work under a car located on an inclined plane, if necessary, take all measures to ensure the safety of work, slow down the car and turn on the lowest gear, put reliable linings for the wheels, the key from the ignition lock is removed, and closed the cabin.
When removing and installing the aggregates, install the car frame on special metal stands, and under the wheels to put wedges.
Low random items under the frame of the car are prohibited.
When lifting and installing a car on a jack to install it only on solid ground. If it is necessary to install a jack on a loose or viscous soil under the jack to put fat broadplates, providing a stable position.
Do not work and do not be under the car, if the latter stands on the jack without insuring special stands.
When working under the car, placed between the wheels along the machine.
Take to the car and get out of it only from the side opposite to the passage.
When working under the car, use sun beds, mats or lattice trolleys, equipped for a device for using headrests, as well as put on safety glasses.
When working, enjoy only a good tool and devices. The plumbing tool contains in a dry and clean state.
Used wiping material to collect in specially installed metal boxes with covers for this purpose.
If overalls or hands are moistened with gasoline, do not approach open fire, do not smoke and not to light the matches.
To pump the tire with compressed air to produce only in a special fence, and it should be verified that the locking ring is fully fell into the lock slot. Pumping tires compressed air outside the fence is prohibited.
For lifting, removal, installation and transportation of heavy units, nodes and parts, use good lifting and transport mechanisms with auxiliary lifting equipment.
Do not work and not be under the car hanging on the cable of the lifting mechanism.
Before starting to repair a car installed on the inspection ditch:
Check the installation of the wheels in relation to the guides;
Put the car on the brakes or put the spacer wedges under the wheels;
Make sure there is free access to the ditch, the serviceability of the stairs and the floor lattice in the ditch;
Being in the inspection ditch, inspection and repair of the car in protective glasses.
When disassembling and assembling the springs to use plumbing visits or other special clamping devices.
Replace the springs only after their unloading and installing special supports under the car's frame. Checking the coincidence of the opening of the springs and earrings to produce with a beard or mandrel.
When removing individual aggregates and parts. Required physical efforts, as well as inconveniences to apply devices (puller), ensuring the safety of work.
Working with a hammer or sledgehammer, apply all measures to not injure itself and located near people.
Do not allow people and is not located under the raised body of the automotive vehicle without the installation of special supports that protect the body from lowering. Apply random items for this is prohibited.
Working at the workbench, make sure that his surface is smooth, the leaf steel, did not have burrs.
Dust and chips from the workbench and equipment are knocked with a brush or a consuming.
Do not repair the car in motion, and also be under the car when the engine is running.
When working near the impeller of the fan to avoid accident, remove the drive belt from it.
When starting the engine when the hood is open, it is not allowed to have people near the engine.
To avoid air taxation, no longer allowed (more than 5 minutes) the operation of the engine in a closed non-ventilated room.
When servicing the car on the line
When leaving the line, the worker must accept, and the administration of the enterprise is to hand over the car in terms of its technical condition to give a working written visa in the track list about the resolution of this departure.
The worker should know that it is forbidden to use the chauffeur on the loading and unloading work, except for the transport of small cargo and other goods that do not require large physical tension.
In the manufacture of car repair on the line, it is necessary to follow the safety regulations set for car maintenance in the garage.
Towing faulty linear cars must be made with permission to administration, except emergency care.
Towing faulty cars to produce with the following rules:
On the towed car, there must be active brakes, with their absence, towing is made on a rigid coupling.
The towed car must have a good front axle and steering, in the event of a malfunction, such a car must be transported on the platform of another car.
On a towing car, there may be only a chauffeur, finding others is prohibited.
A towed car must be provided with a beep.
The attachment of the towed car should be carried out using a steel cable, a chain or a metal rod of proper length. The cable should be marked with a red flag.
Car traffic through railway tracks:
Car drivers can cross the railway track only by railway moving, giving way to the road (locomotive, dross).
At the entrance to the railway, the driver is obliged to be guided by the requirements of road signs, traffic lights, markup, the position of the barrier and the instructions of the duty moving and make sure that there is no approaching train.
Do not go to move -
When closed and starting, close the barrier (regardless of the traffic signal).
With the prohibiting signal of the traffic light (regardless of the position of the barrier).
With the prohibiting signal of the on duty by moving.
If a constipation was formed for the move, which will force the driver to stop on the crossing.
If the train is approaching moving within visibility.
In addition, it is prohibited:
Circle with departure on the head of the counter movement facing the vehicles.
Outstanding the barrier.
To carry through the move in the non-transport position of the village, road, construction, etc. Machines and mechanisms.
In the case when the movement through the move is prohibited, the driver must stop at the stop line or traffic light, if they are not - not closer to 5m from the barrier, and in the absence of the latter - not closer to 10m to the nearest rail.
With a forced stop on the crossing, the driver must immediately land people and take measures to exemplate the move.
Driving a car in winter.
3.20.1. Snow covered road.
When moving along a snow-covered road, the following recommendations must be followed:
Starting the movement from the spot should be very smoothly on the first gear, without jerks, not allowing wheel towing, because When digging under the wheels, ice-crust is formed, which reduces the power of the clutch of the wheels with the road and makes it difficult to touch the car from the scene.
If the wheel is still started, it is necessary to turn on the transmission of the reverse and serve a car back, and then repeat the movement forward. In case of further towing the wheels, it is necessary to take measures to increase the forces of the clutch of the wheels with the surface of the road using the screw tools (sand, slag, trust, etc.).
Movement speed must be increased gradually and evenly, applying the engine braking without turning off the clutch. If necessary, a sharp reduction in speed should be used intermittent braking.
To brake, you need to skillfully use the brake system, and smoothly, without turning off the clutch, and only with the straight-line movement of the car. It is forbidden to slow down on the corners and roundings of the road. In this case, the speed of the car should be reduced to the minimum even before approaching the rotation.
When moving, it is necessary to hold on to the rolled part of the snow-covered road. On the convex road, it is also possible to hold the middle of the road, which will exclude the likelihood of the car whipping.
Snowy drifts on the roads must be overcome with pre-acceleration, using car inertia.
Since the danger of the "Warning" and the location of the car with the roadway of the road increases on the snow-covered roads, when driving with counter vehicles, it is necessary to respect special caution. First of all, it is recommended to see the oncoming vehicle, to reduce the speed in advance and approach the side of the road.
On narrow snow-covered roads, the driver must prevent the car deviation to the side, because The wheels can get into deep loose snow and will occur or crawling the car into the cuvette.
To drive with counter cars, use places uncoated by snow, or with shallow snow. Seeing the counter car, the driver is obliged to stop for a roadway on such parts of the road.
On narrow roads with high snow shafts on the roads that limit visibility should be taken to be taken on turns and warn the oncoming cars with sound or light signals.
3.20.2. Oblaned road.
Driving a car in the icing road due to the worsening of the clutch of the wheels with the surface of the road conjugately with the danger of the car charter loss, the transportation of the car with the roadway, the driving of the wheels, drift and even tipping the car. On the icing road, it should be especially smooth. Move must be evenly at low speed, providing the necessary thrust force on the drive wheels without slipping and without switching gear. In general, shifting gear on the slippery road is undesirable, because It can cause driving wheel towing, car drift.
In the event that the icing road is very complex on the profile (large in the steepness and duration of raises with a small radius of turns), apply bracelets (chains) of slipping, which put on the wheels of the leading bridges. To slow down, seeing an obstacle on such a road, it is recommended in advance, gradually increasing braking efficiency. On slippery roads, the brake route of the car increases 2-3 times, so you should not approach in front of the coming transport closer than 40m. Slide wheels in braking should not be. A sharp braking or an increase in fuel supply to change the rotational speed of the crankshaft of the engine, as well as the sharp turning on the clutch after switching the transfer, the rapid execution of turns can lead to a car drift.
When signs of drift appear, it is necessary to smoothly reduce the fuel supply (motor shaft rotation frequency), turn the steering wheel towards the drift and restore the former direction of the vehicle.
To prevent car drifts, the driver is obliged to follow the following rules:
- move on a slippery road with a minimum speed, ensuring safety,
- when turning or extinguits with the roadway, turn the steering wheel very smoothly,
- avoid braking on turns and roundings,
- when you stop the car in advance to reduce the speed of movement to the minimum, and then smoothly slow down the brake.
Movement should be avoided by deep icy rut. In the event that the movement in such a rut is inevitable, it is necessary to move at a minimum speed, because With increasing speed, the tires, the cards of the aggregates, brake pipelines, steering tracts, and the like can be damaged.
Oblaned lifts and descents should be overcome, as a rule, on lower gears.
To improve the clutch of the wheels with an expensive lifting and descents, regardless of their steepness and length, it is necessary to sprinkle with sand, slag, gravel, dry ground. With a forced stop on the rise to eliminate the climb, it is necessary to put the stops under the rear wheels or overtake the wheels into the snow shaft on the sidelines.
3.20.3. Slippery road .
Often, the driving part of the road is slippery, especially after the rain or in the period of Spring-year-old Rasputle. Sliply there is asphalt at the beginning of the rain, when they have not been flushed, but dust and dirt have already been dissolved, not very noticeable under normal conditions. Wet cobblestone bridge remains slippery all the time. Sliply occurs in the early morning when fog sits on the road coating, and in a hot noon, when the binder is the binder on the asphalt coating, and during the autumn leaves, when the wet leaves cover the road. On the slippery road, the grip of the car's wheels with an expensive is significantly reduced, the braking path increases significantly, the wheels of blocking wheels occur, and this is fraught with the most unpleasant - loss of car stability.
Consider the features of the movement on slippery road.
On a slippery road when starting from the scene, it is recommended to use the first transmission and the so-called "dry" contact between the road and tires, which is formed during the car parking lot. It should be touched without a sharp push. This is achieved by a smooth inclusion of adhesion and smoothly by pressing the fuel pedal, slowly increasing the engine speed of the crankshaft and the vehicle speed. You should not dramatically release the clutch pedal, otherwise the driving wheels will be turned on the spot without providing the movement of the car forward.
When cornering the car on a slippery road it is useful to remember that the car on the rounding of the road moves so that the rear inner wheel passes much closer to the edge of the road than the front. Therefore, if the driver will direct the front wheel on the inner edge or close to it, then the rear can move to the side of the road or strengthened into a curb stone.
The drift of the car is very dangerous. The reason for the drift of the car, as we have noted, is the poor grip of the wheels with an expensive, the movement on the corners with increased speed leads to the fact that the inertia force exceeds the grip strength and takes off the car's wheels from the road. Wheels in this case continue the movement "YUZOM" instead of rolling. They slide towards the force of inertia: ahead - with a sharp braking, and on the turns - Block. That is why on slippery and wet highway should avoid sharp braking and high speeds on turns.
Turns on a slippery road, even very smooth, it is recommended to be done without turning off the clutch and at a minimum speed.
If a side skid appeared while turning the car, then it is necessary to stop the turn, quickly turn the steering wheel towards the drift, and then, as soon as the car is leveled, smoothly return the steering wheel in the original position.
It is also recommended to slow down on a slippery road when turning is also combined, mainly by the engine by smoothly reduce the supply of fuel into the engine cylinders, therefore, and the speed of rotation of the crankshaft and at the same time slow down the working brake.
On the roads with many turns, speed and distance between cars should be chosen to ensure traffic safety. In many respects it depends on the profile of the road and visibility, the state of the road canvase. As a rule, on a dry road, a distance between cars in meters is approximately set equal to the numerical value of the speed. For example, if the speed of the car is 40 km / h., Then the distance from the car running ahead should be at least 40 m.
On the slippery road, the distance should be increased at least 2 times. High speeds are unacceptable here. Sudden stop, sharp braking can lead to a car drift, loss of manageability and, as a result, to an accident.
When the lateral drift began, it is recommended to instantly release the brakes. An experienced driver can immediately continue braking, but it is necessary to slow down carefully, so as not to cause the locks of the wheels. When all the wheels are blocked and at the same time slide, remove the car from the rotation of the steering wheel, it is impossible to change the position of the non-rolling front wheels can not change the trajectory of the movement. It is necessary to change the style of braking. On a slippery road, many drivers use intermittent braking, the essence of which is as follows. On the verge of "Yuza" the driver strongly presses the brake pedal, and then for a moment he let her. If the wheels in braking are blocked, they will have time to unwind and gain a grip with an expensive, the skid will stop. Then he presses the brake pedal, but already a little weaker. Weaker than with the first push attempt protects from blocking the wheels. Then again releases the brake pedal, then presses, etc. It is necessary to slow down so as to prevent the wheel lock.
A comfortable and reliable method of braking on a slippery road is a combined method, mainly by the engine, by smoothly reduce the rotational speed of the crankshaft while using the brakes.
3.20.4. Movement in the fog and in the rain .
The fog significantly worsens visibility, changes the color of the light rays of all colors, except red. Yellow in the fog becomes reddish, green - yellowish. Therefore, approaching the traffic light in the fog, it is necessary to slow down the move, carefully look at the signals of the traffic light and leaving the intersection only with complete confidence in the signal correctness. In addition, the speed of movement in the fog must be installed based on the distance of the path. From practice it is known that if visibility does not exceed 10 m, then the speed of movement should be no higher than 5 km / h.
In the fog, it is not allowed to overtake vehicles and towing cars. If you need to turn to the left or drive around the vehicle, the driver must first examine the path and make sure that there is no moving from behind or towards the vehicle.
When moving in a dense fog, you need to navigate the edge of the sidewalk. The lateral fence of the road strictly adhere to the right side. From time to time it is recommended to serve sound signals and respond to signals from other drivers. Both in the parking lot and during the movement should include lighting.
Remember that the far light in the fog creates an impenetrable light veil in front of the car. In all cases, when driving in the fog, an increased caution must be observed.
In heavy rain, as with a thick fog, the movement of cars is hampered. Visibility is sharply deteriorating, the driver's field is narrowed. During heavy rain, most country roads and sections of the terrain, especially with clay and chernozem soil, becomes difficult. Deep gauges are formed on the roads. In addition, with a strong rain, the clutch of the wheels with the road is significantly deteriorated and the braking path increases. It has been established that at the beginning of the rain, the clutch coefficient decreases almost twice due to the fact that the road dust moistened with water turns into a liquid dirt along which the wheels slide. With a long rain, the dirt from the road is washed off, and the clutch coefficient is somewhat rising. When moving in the rain, you must first turn on the wipers and drive with a minimum speed. Brushes must move quickly, with a frequency of at least two swings per second. Slow moving brushes for a long time interrupt individual review zones. The puddle occurring on the way of movement is better to drive around (large stones, ditches, etc. can be under water) or pass at reduced speed.
When driving in the rain, braking should be avoided, because When braking the wheels are blocked and the path of the sliding car increases. When the car slides, i.e. Under the "Yose", often the loss of stability, car drip, management loss occur. If the skid began, it is necessary:
- immediately release the brake pedal,
- rotate the wheels towards driving, and then re-turn them in the direction of the car movement,
- slightly press the fuel pedal,
- align the car with a steering wheel.
It should be remembered that it is not recommended to use the parking brake on the wet and slippery road.
3.20.5. Movement in the dark .
Driving a car at night associated with some difficulties. With the onset of darkness deteriorates visibility, the idea of \u200b\u200bspace is disturbed, the vision is tired faster than the day. At night, the driver can be blinded by the light of the car headlamp. Learning at night, it is necessary to observe increased caution. In order to avoid short-term blinding, headlights when driving with counter cars, you need to switch the far light to the closest. If blinding comes (this happens when the driver of the counter car does not switch the far light into the near), then the driver must, without changing the strip of movement, reduce the speed or stop and enable the alarm. When moving, it is not recommended to look at the headlights of the counter car.
At night, in places with poor visibility, the speed of movement should be reduced to a minimum. If the need arose to stop the car for recreation or repair outside the settlement, then you need to go beyond the roadway. When stopping and parking on unlit areas of the road in the dark, the car should be included