Assigned to a serviceman in accordance with his official position, belonging to a particular type of armed forces.
The history of military ranks
In Rus', the emergence of permanent military formations was associated with the beginning of the use of firearms. Indeed, in order to learn how to use this type of weapon, frequent and regular classes, as well as specific knowledge, were necessary. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, streltsy hundreds appeared in Russia, and military ranks appeared in them. The first military ranks of the Russian army were: archer, foreman, centurion. However, they were an alloy of military rank and position held in a military formation. Later, under Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, two more ranks appeared - Pentecostal and head. After that, the hierarchy of military ranks began to look like this:
1. Sagittarius.
2. Ten's manager.
3. Pentecost.
4. Centurion.
5. Head.
By modern standards, a foreman can be equated with the rank of sergeant or foreman, a Pentecostal - with a lieutenant, a centurion, respectively - with a captain, but the head is the same as a colonel. By the way, under Boris Godunov, foreign military units - companies - already had the ranks of "captain" - captain and "lieutenant" - lieutenant, but these ranks were not used in Russian units. And by the end of the 17th century, during the reign of Peter the Great, the military ranks of the Russian army were replenished with the rank of half-head and colonel, the latter is used to this day. In the same period, regiments of a foreign system were formed. Both Russians and foreign mercenaries served in them. The system of these units almost corresponded to European ones, and the hierarchy of ranks was formed from the following ranks:
I. Soldier.
II. Corporal.
III. Ensign.
IV. Lieutenant (lieutenant).
V. Captain (captain).
VI. Quartermaster.
VII. Major.
VIII. Lieutenant colonel.
IX. Colonel.
Until 1654, the military ranks of the tsarist Russian army did not include the rank of general. For the first time this title was awarded to Avram Leslie by Peter the Great for the return of the city of Smolensk. It was this king who introduced this title as an addition to the highest ranks of the state. This is how ranks appeared, etc.
Hierarchy of ranks in the early twentieth century
Generals (the highest military ranks of the Russian army):
General - (field marshal; lieutenant; major);
General from infantry, cavalry, etc.
Headquarters officers (highest military ranks of the Russian army):
Colonel
Lieutenant colonel;
Chief officers (middle officer ranks):
Captain (captain);
Staff captain;
Lieutenant;
Second lieutenant (cornet).
Ensigns (lower officer ranks):
Ensign, ensign and ensign ensign.
Non-commissioned officers:
Feldwebel;
Non-commissioned officer (senior, junior).
- corporal;
- private.
Military ranks in the modern Russian army (ground forces)
After the October Revolution, the establishment of the power of the Soviets on the territory of the Russian Empire and the birth of the Soviet Army, the military regulations underwent some changes. A new hierarchy of ranks was created, which, in principle, does not differ from the modern one. Below is a list that includes the military ranks of the Russian army.
- Private and corporal.
Junior command staff:
- Sergeant (junior, senior).
- Sergeant major.
- Ensign (senior).
Officers:
- Lieutenant (junior, senior).
- Captain.
- Major.
Officer commanding staff:
- Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel.
- General- (-major, -lieutenant, -colonel, army).
Here is a complete list, including all military ranks corresponding to each rank, are shoulder signs, by which you can determine the rank of a particular soldier.
In many ways, they retained the system inherited from the armed forces of the USSR. But the modern system of military ranks has acquired its own unique features.
The structure of the ranks of the armed forces and the rank and file
Ranks in the troops of our country can be divided into several categories:
- Ordinary composition.
- junior officers.
- senior officers.
- senior officers.
The lowest rank in the modern troops of our country is private. This title is worn by people serving in the military. After the war, they began to call ordinary servicemen of the USSR army, before the terms “Red Army soldier” and “fighter” were in use.
Reserve soldiers can be called those citizens of the country who have a military registration specialty: a doctor or a lawyer. They are called "Private Medical Service" or, in turn, "Private Justice".
Also called privates are cadets who are trained to achieve officer epaulettes. During their studies, they can receive ranks related to the rank and file, and, after completing their studies, they can receive the first officer rank.
The best and most experienced of the privates receive the rank of corporal. This military rank has the right to replace the junior officer in command of the department. The private receives the rank of corporal for the impeccable performance of his duties and the observance of ideal discipline.
Following the corporal is the rank of junior sergeant. The holder of this rank can command a squad or combat vehicle. In special cases, a private or corporal may, before leaving military service, be awarded the appointment of a junior sergeant in the reserve.
A sergeant who is higher in the service hierarchy of a junior sergeant also has the right to command a squad or combat vehicle. The title was introduced in the Soviet armed forces before the war, in 1940. Its owners underwent special training in their units or were promoted from the most distinguished junior sergeants. The next in the structure of our armed forces is a senior sergeant.
This is followed by the positions of foremen, which were introduced in the Soviet army a little earlier than sergeants - in 1935. In today's Russian army, the best of the senior sergeants who have served in the previous rank for at least six months and have been promoted to a position involving the rank of foreman become foremen.
Within his company, the foreman serves as the head of the personnel, consisting of sergeants and privates. The foreman is subordinate to the officer in command of the company, and can act as the company commander when he is absent.
Since 1972, the Soviet troops have been replenished with the rank of warrant officer, and since 1981 - senior warrant officer. Its owners, as a rule, graduate from military educational institutions corresponding to their profile, which do not have higher status. Ensigns are assistants to junior officers.
The lowest officer rank in the troops of our country is junior lieutenant. Today, cadets who complete their studies at military educational institutions, as well as graduates of lieutenant schools at military units, often have it. Sometimes the rank of junior lieutenant can be obtained by graduates of civilian specialties, as well as ensigns who have shown zeal and ability to serve.
Usually graduates of military universities become lieutenants. After the corresponding period of service and passing the certification with a positive result, junior lieutenants move to the next level - lieutenant. The next step among the ranks of junior officers is the rank of senior lieutenant and captain. The rank of officer of the engineering troops at this stage sounds like "engineer captain", and the artilleryman - battalion commander (battery commander). In infantry units, a military officer with the rank of captain commands a company.
The senior officer ranks are Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel. The major has the right to command a training company or be an assistant to the battalion commander. A lieutenant colonel commands a battalion or serves as an assistant regimental commander.
The colonel has the right to command a regiment, brigade and be the deputy commander of a division. This officer rank was introduced to the armed forces of our country along with a number of others in 1935. In the Navy, the three senior officer ranks of the ground forces correspond to their own ranks of captains of the third, second and first ranks.
The first highest officer rank of the Russian troops is Major General. The holder of this rank can command a division (combination of up to 15 thousand personnel), and also be a deputy corps commander.
Next comes the rank of lieutenant general. Historically, it came from the position of a senior officer who was a deputy general. The word "lieutenant" - is translated as "deputy". Such an officer of the highest rank may command a corps or be a deputy commander of an army. Lieutenant generals also serve in military headquarters.
A colonel-general may be the deputy commander of a military district or command an army. The holders of this military rank hold the positions of the General Staff or the Ministry of Defense. Finally, the highest military rank of the troops of our country, the general of the army, is higher. Today, the highest officers of individual branches of the military - artillery, communications, etc. - can become generals of the army.
In the naval forces of our country, the highest officer positions correspond to rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and admiral of the fleet.
When we think about the military leaders of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, the holders of the title of “Marshal” traditionally come to mind - G.K. Zhukov, I.S. Konev, K.K. Rokossovsky. However, in the post-Soviet period, this rank practically disappeared, and the functions of marshals were transferred to army generals.
In 1935 Marshal of the Soviet Union was introduced as the highest personal military rank. It was assigned to the most worthy of the representatives of the highest military leadership and could serve as a distinction. In 1935, a number of top military leaders of the country of the Soviets became marshals, holding responsible positions in the army.
Three of the first five marshals of the USSR in the years following their appointment fell under the blow of repression. Therefore, before the start of the war, Semyon Timoshenko, Grigory Kulik and Boris Shaposhnikov, who replaced them in responsible posts, became the new marshals of the Soviet Union.
During the war years, the highest rank of marshal was awarded to the most distinguished commanders. The first of the marshals of the "war period" was Georgy Zhukov. Nearly all the top military men who led the fronts became marshals. Joseph Stalin received the rank of marshal in 1943. The basis was the "positions he occupied" of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief and People's Commissar of Defense.
In the post-war period, a military rank rare for the country was received by General Secretary L.I. Brezhnev. The marshals were the persons who held the post of Minister of Defense - Nikolai Bulgarin, Dmitry Ustinov and Sergei Sokolov. In 1987, Dmitry Yazov became Minister of Defense, and three years later he received a personal highest officer rank. Today, he is the only retired marshal surviving.
In 1943, while the war was going on, the rank of marshal of the armed forces began to be used in the USSR. A little later, the ranks of marshals of special forces were added to them. In the same year, a number of the highest military councils of the country became such marshals. In particular, the famous military leader Pavel Rotmistrov became a marshal of tank troops. In 1943, the rank of chief marshal of the armed forces was also introduced.
Most of the ranks of chief marshals were abolished in 1984 - they were retained exclusively for aviation and artillery. But after 1984, none of the representatives of the country's top military leadership received them either. The ranks of marshals and chief marshals of the armed forces were finally abolished in 1993. In 1991, Evgeny Shaposhnikov became the last air marshal in the modern history of the country.
In the modern army of our country there is a title - "Marshal of the Russian Federation". As in the pre-war period, this is a personal highest military rank. The reason for receiving the rank of marshal may be the special merits of the officer to the country, recognized by the President.
In 1997, the title was awarded to Igor Sergeev. The awarding of this rank followed the appointment of Igor Dmitrievich as the Minister of Defense of our country. In 2001, the military retired from active service and until the end of his life he held the rank of retired marshal.
Modern ranks in the Russian army are inherited from the Soviet period. The army of the Russian Federation partially retained its former structure and military formations. Therefore, the system of military ranks and positions has not undergone major changes.
Army ranks and ranks in Russia are divided into two subcategories, namely ranks in the Navy (Navy) and military (AF). These two subcategories can be assigned to the military personnel of the Russian navy:
- submarine and surface military forces of the Navy;
- naval units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia;
- Coast Guard Border Service of the Federal Security Service of Russia.
Military ranks are also assigned to other military personnel who serve in the army:
- In the Russian Armed Forces.
- In the Federal Security Service.
- The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.
- in the FSB.
- In the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- in the Foreign Intelligence Service.
- In other troops, military formations and bodies.
Now consider the ranks and ranks from the lowest to the top in the career ladder and divide them into subcategories:
Military rank - rank of the Navy
- 8th step: private - sailor;
- 7th step: corporal - senior sailor;
- 6th step: junior sergeant - foreman of the second article;
- 5th step: sergeant - foreman of the first article;
- 4th step: senior sergeant - chief foreman;
- 3rd step: foreman - chief ship foreman;
- 2nd stage: warrant officer - midshipman;
- 1st step: senior warrant officer - senior midshipman.
- 3rd step: junior officers;
- 2nd step: senior officers;
- 1st step: senior officers.
junior officers
Military rank - rank of the Navy
- 4th stage: junior lieutenant - junior lieutenant;
- 3rd stage: lieutenant - lieutenant;
- 2nd stage: senior lieutenant - senior lieutenant;
- 1st stage: captain - lieutenant commander.
Senior officers
Military rank - rank of the Navy
- 3rd stage: major - captain of the 3rd rank;
- 2nd stage: lieutenant colonel - captain of the 2nd rank;
- 1st step: colonel - captain of the 1st rank.
Senior officers:
Military rank - rank in the navy
- 5th stage: major general - rear admiral;
- 4th stage: lieutenant general - vice admiral;
- 3rd stage: colonel general - admiral;
- 2nd stage: army general - fleet admiral;
- 1st stage: Marshal of the Russian Federation - absent.
As can be seen from the above, military ranks in the Naval Navy are one step less than military ranks. Therefore, in the army of the Russian Federation, the highest military rank is called Marshal of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the highest rank in the Navy is Admiral of the Fleet.
In addition, the highest rank - Marshal of Russia - was awarded to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Igor Sergeyev. This title was entrusted to him in 1997 by the head of state. However, after the death of Sergeyev in 2006, the duties of a marshal in the Russian Federation were not granted to anyone.
The post of Admiral of the Fleet is the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. As a result, there are two highest military positions in the Russian army - this is the Marshal of Russia and the Admiral of the Fleet, but this does not take into account the position of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and this can be considered the highest military position in the world.
In the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the highest position is the colonel-general of the police. The shoulder straps of the Colonel General have three large stars, which are placed in a row. An ignorant person is able to confuse the shoulder straps of a police colonel general with the shoulder straps that are assigned to the post of police colonel. The shoulder straps of a police colonel also have three stars, but their size is smaller and they are placed in the form of a triangle.
In addition, military ranks can be awarded upon completion of a certain period of service, as well as for personal merit. So how long does it take to serve a term in order for a person to be awarded a specific rank? In accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 22 of the “Regulations on the procedure for military service”, specific terms are established for military service in military ranks:
- after 5 months of service - private, sailor;
- after 12 months of service - junior sergeant, foreman of the 2nd article;
- after 2 years of service - sergeant, foreman of the 1st article;
- after 3 years of service - senior sergeant, chief foreman;
- after 3 years of service - warrant officer, midshipman;
- after 2 years of service - junior lieutenant;
- after 3 years of service - lieutenant;
- after 3 years of service - senior lieutenant;
- after 4 years of service - captain, captain-lieutenant;
- after 4 years of service - major, captain of the 3rd rank;
- after 5 years of service - lieutenant colonel, captain of the 2nd rank - five years, the remaining ranks are awarded after 5 years.
Let's add some facts:
- Ranks such as foreman and chief ship foreman have not existed since 2012, but they are still present in the documents.
- Each military rank - from private to marshal of the Russian Federation - should be written with a small letter.
- A major is higher in rank than a lieutenant, but a major general is lower in rank than a lieutenant general.
- In Russia, the highest rank that can be awarded to a soldier for a year of military service is currently sergeant.
Both land and water have their own military ranks, some of them are similar, but still there is a difference.
So, on land, military ranks go in the following order:
On the water, that is, the fleet, the ranks are built like this:
Sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second article, foreman of the first article, chief ship officer, midshipman, senior midshipman, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain lieutenant, captain of the third rank, captain of the second rank, captain of the first rank, rear admiral, vice admiral , admiral.
Private, in the Navy this rank corresponds to a sailor, then a corporal, in the fleet - senior sailor; junior sergeant, in the fleet foreman of the second article; sergeant foreman of the first article, senior sergeant foreman; foreman - chief ship foreman; then ensign, in the fleet warrant officer, senior warrant officer, senior warrant officer. Officers: junior lieutenant - the same in the navy; lieutenant - the same in the navy; senior lieutenant - the same in the navy; captain, in the navy - captain lieutenant; then follows the senior officers: major - in the fleet, captain of the third rank; lieutenant colonel - in the fleet, captain of the second rank; colonel - in the fleet, captain of the first rank. Next comes the senior officers: major general - in the fleet, rear admiral; lieutenant general in the fleet, vice -admiral; general-colonel-admiral, and the final rank of general of the army. There were marshals in the USSR, but now, in my opinion, they have been abolished. Only two people, Suvorov and Stalin, had the highest rank of generallisimo.
To begin with, I’ll say that there are very different ranks in different countries, it’s also worth noting that the Navy and conventional ground forces also have different ranks, for example, the Fleet:
And now a few countries to compare the rank. The first will be Russian military ranks
Military ranks of France
Military ranks of China
Military ranks of Germany
Turkish military ranks
The Army and Navy each have their own military ranks. Of course, they have a number of similarities, but differ both in name and in the number of stars and stripes. One more difference should be added - this is the guards regiments.
Private, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant, foreman, warrant officer, senior warrant officer, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general.
Military ranks must be separated for the fleet and land.
So, as far as the ground forces are concerned, the military ranks are arranged in this order:
As for the distribution in order of ranks in the fleet, it looks like this from the smallest:
As for the RF. Ranks are military and ship.
Ensigns and midshipmen:
junior officers:
senior officers;
Marshal of the Russian Federation is the highest military rank.
A specialty is added to military ranks, if any;
Who is studying in a military institution:
In the armed forces of Russia, military ranks are divided into military and naval. To the military personnel of the guards units, the prefix is added to the military rank - guards ...
Soldiers and sailors, sergeants and foremen, ensigns and midshipmen ...
http://cdn01.ru/files/users/images/a3/f2/a3f267568b55247d6afd4c69547a1792.jpg
Junior, middle, senior officers. Marshal of the Russian Federation ...
In the Navy, in addition to naval military ranks, there may also be military military ranks, for example, in the marines, naval aviation, and coastal troops of the fleet. Ship military ranks are expressed by a white or yellow stripe on a black shoulder strap (clearance) or black gaps on a white shoulder strap, on shoulder straps with military military ranks - the gaps will be red, blue. By the way, in the Marine Corps, ship ranks are sailor and senior sailor, then military ...
There are military ranks and the ranks of those who serve in the navy, the ranks in order in the Russian army are as follows:
Ordinary composition:
Military ranks: private, corporal, junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant, foreman.
Ship ranks: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the 2nd article, foreman of the 1st article, chief foreman, chief ship foreman.
Ensigns and midshipmen:
Military ranks: warrant officer, senior warrant officer
Ship ranks: midshipman, senior midshipman
Officers:
Junior officers:
Military ranks: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain;
Ship ranks: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant commander.
Senior officers:
Military ranks: major, lieutenant colonel, colonel;
Ship ranks: captain 3rd rank, captain 2nd rank, captain 1st rank.
Senior officers:
Military ranks: major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general; Ship ranks: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, admiral of the fleet.
And of course, Marshal of the Russian Federation.
In the Army and the Navy there are military ranks that are similar, but it seems to me that the ranks in the Navy are still more difficult to remember and pronounce. Military ranks on land.
Military ranks in the Navy.
It should be noted that in addition to the rank in the Army and Navy, the position plays an important role. It happens that an officer with a higher rank reports to an officer with a lower rank.
Military ranks go as follows, starting with the smallest:
On land: private, corporal, junior sergeant, senior sergeant, warrant officer, senior warrant officers, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general.
In the navy: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second class, foreman of the first class, chief ship officer, midshipman, senior midshipman, junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain lieutenant, captain of the third rank, captain of the second rank, captain of the first rank, rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral
In the old days, there was also the title of Marshal, but it was canceled.