This Instruction contains a list of priority measures, the execution of which is necessary to eliminate mercury pollution, resulting in the destruction of fluorescent lamps or devices with mercury filling.

Designed for medical and other personnel of therapeutic and preventive and other health care facilities - users of mercury-containing products.

Compiled in accordance with the requirements of sanitary rules and norms 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for collecting, storing and removing waste treatment and preventive institutions", SP 4607-88 "Sanitary rules when working with mercury, its compounds and fixtures with mercury filling" and MP 45445-87 " Guidelines According to the control of the organization of the current and final demurcurization and evaluation of its effectiveness. "

Along with modern medical and diagnostic equipment in health facilities, devices and devices with mercury filling are used (medical thermometers, fluorescent lighting lamps, thermometers to thermostats, air sterilizers, tonometers of old design, etc.).

The possibility of an emergency violation of the integrity of these items, the exit of metal mercury into the external environment, the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds on the human body necessitates the need to regulate not only work with these devices requiring special care, but also emergency measures to eliminate emergency situations and the prevention of pollution of mercury ambient - carrying out the collection, removal and neutralization even the minimum amounts of metallic mercury.

1. Impact of mercury on people's health

Mercury refers to the substances of the 1st hazard class. It is distinguished by a wide range and a large variety of manifestations of toxic action, the nervous and excretory system is particularly striking. The mercury hitting the human body is carried out mainly when inhaling air contaminated with mercury couples. In acute poisoning of mercury couples, symptoms of lesions are noted respiratory tract (chills, sharp dry cough, runny nose, shortness of breath, it is possible to develop toxic edema, in heavy cases - with a fatal outcome), gastrointestinal tract (frequent liquid chair), nervous system (excitation or drowsiness), on the 3 - 4th day there is a manifestation of toxic nephropathy of varying severity.

The first symptoms of damage to the respiratory tract can appear in the first hours after poisoning, which requires in stationary conditions of therapeutic measures aimed at the prevention of toxic pneumonia and pulmonary edema (disinfect, hormonal preparations, oxygen therapy, antibiotics). With different other signs of poisoning, symptomatic means are prescribed.

2. Brief information about mercury and its properties

Under normal conditions, mercury is a silver-white heavy liquid metal. At room temperature, mercury evaporates with a rather high speed, which increases with increasing temperatures. Mercury has low viscosity and high surface tension, as a result of which, when falling or pressing, it disintegrates into small balls, which contributes to a significant increase in the area of \u200b\u200bevaporation. Mercury is easily sorbed from the air with the materials of the design: tissues, wooden products, etc., where she can get into the room (desorption) again. Mercury is non-magnetic. Mercury has a property to dissolve many metals, including noble, with the formation of amalgam.

From the chemical properties of mercury, the high potential of ionization should be noted, i.e. To convert metal mercury vapors in salts and other compounds, it is necessary to use strong oxidizing agents or complexes; This causes the complexity of the process of chemical demurcurization.

Mercury is very aggressive in relation to various structural materials (steel, non-ferrous metals) - can cause corrosion and destruction of medical equipment.

3. Procedure for working with mercury-containing devices in healthcare facilities

In accordance with Sanitary rules and norms 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for collecting, storing and removing waste treatment and preventive institutions", SP 4607-88 "Sanitary rules when working with mercury, its compounds and devices with mercury filling" and MP 4545-87 "Methodical recommendations for control over the organization of the current and final demurcurization and evaluation of its effectiveness "and in order to streamline the collection, temporary storage of exhaust devices with mercury filling in medical institution By order of the head of the institution, persons responsible for:

Collection and temporary storage of spent mercury-containing lamps, thermometers and devices in a specially dedicated room;

Organization and conduct of demurcurization in accidents with these devices;

Transferring mercury-containing items and materials to a specialized enterprise.

Personal persons Annually must be instructed by security in the listed types of work with the study of this instruction and the corresponding medical inspections, laboratory and functional surveys.

In the event of the destruction of the mercury-containing device, demarcourization of the room (plot), where the mercury shed. Demercurization efficiency depends on the timeliness of work on cleaning the room from mercury; Therefore, health care institutions should be admired in advance with demarizing kits (TU 9452-003-29496068-2001; the use of sets is recommended by the instructions from 03/31/2005, coordinated with the authorities of Rospotrebnadzor in Moscow). Demmerization kits should be stored in specially reserved places (for example, in the cabinet of the senior nurse).

4. Events in the accident, which resulted in mercury

4.1. General requirements

Demmerization work should be carried out immediately after the accident. To prevent the spread of mercury to other premises, it is necessary to protect the pollution site and eliminate access to the polluted portion of personnel directly not occupied in demarization work, visitors to institutions and other unauthorized persons.

Continuous air ventilation should be ensured, in which the mercury strands occurred.

Do not:

Use a household vacuum cleaner to collect spilled mercury;

Pour mercury into the sink and sewer.

In the event that there is a single destruction of fluorescent lamps or the spiring of mercury is insignificant (medical thermometer), the elimination of mercury pollution can be performed by the medical institution personnel independently with the demurcuriation set developed for these purposes - effective and at the same time distinguished the simplicity of the application of demurcurization (TU 9452-003-29496068-2001);

In the case of more complex mercury pollution (the destruction of the tonometer, the ignitron, etc.), the challenge of the District Department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is required.

4.2. Elimination of mercury pollution with a demurcurial set

4.2.1. Characteristics of the demarization kit

The basis of the demurcurization kit is the patented drug "E-2000 +", which includes a sulfur-containing substance, complexing agent and a surfactant.

The demurcuriation kit includes all the necessary materials and devices: sprayer, gloves, napkins, film, detergent, etc. All of the above is packaged in a special bag (25 x 30 cm).

The demaricarization set is attached to the instruction agreed with the authorities of Rospotrebnadzor of Moscow.

The use of a demurcury-based kit allows you to be guaranteed to eliminate small mercury pollution (8-10 MPCs), arising from a single destruction of fluorescent lamps or the destruction of a medical thermometer.

Works on the elimination of mercury pollution, carried out with the help of a demurcury-based kit, include:

Mechanical cleaning (picking up mercury drops in case of destruction of the medical thermometer);

Chemical processing;

Surface Waste (Demmerization Product Removal).

Drops of mercury are collected with a pear and placed in a jar with a tightly closing lid.

Chemical treatment is carried out using demarizing drugs N 1 and N 2 (the technology of the process is set forth in the instructions attached to the demurcurious set).

Demurcurization products removal is performed using a solution containing surfactants.

After performing the work, it is necessary to collect all the devices and materials (napkins, sponges, gloves, etc.), put them in the bag containing the demurcuriation kit, for subsequent delivery in NLP "Ecotrom" for neutralization.

4.2.3. Security requirements for work

Demercurization works are manufactured by the staff appointed by the order of the head of the institution and familiarized with the instructions for working with a demarization kit. The work to eliminate mercury pollution is allowed by persons who have reached 18 years of age.

Work on eliminating mercury pollution should be carried out in rubber gloves (contained in the demarization kit).

At the end of the work, you should rinse the mouth with a weak solution of potassium permanganate; To prepare a solution to place several drug crystals (available in a demarization kit) into a glass of water and stir.

4.3. Elimination of mercury pollution with special demurcourization services

With the exception of cases of mercury pollution caused by the unit destruction of fluorescent lamps or the destruction of medical thermometers, the demurcurization of the premises involves the work of specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and an enterprise that has an accredited laboratory for conducting a survey and the corresponding permissions for demurcourizing work.

Based on the results of the instrument survey of polluted by mercury, the specialists determine the technology of work, the type of demurpurizanion drugs, the necessary multiplicity of the processing of the room.

Agreed
with the head of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor,
chief state-owned
sanitary doctor of Moscow.

Instruction Department of the Moscow Department of Moscow from September 2008 to demarcuring the premises of therapeutic and preventive and other health care facilities contaminated with mercury during emergency violation of the integrity of mercury-containing devices (ultrasound. Department of Health of Moscow)

Mercury - metal, at room temperature having a liquid state. Couple of his bats and poisonous. It is widely used both in industry and in household appliances. Especially great toxic influence of it on children (including in the intrauterine period). Therefore, the symptoms of poisoning and the methods of cleaning the premises must be known not only to professional doctors and ecologists, but also on the household level to the entire population.

Properties, use, mercury value

Mercury and its compounds are known to humanity for a long time. Initially, its application had a medical character: a laxative, when the intestine, the treatment of syphilis, as a diuretic or antiseptic agent. Now it is used as a component in agriculture (in the production of pesticides), in metallurgical and chemical industry, as well as in a variety of techniques.

Mercury is in thermometers and barometers, that is, in measuring instruments both household and industrial purposes. Amalgam-based dental seals are composite based on mercury. It is part of the mirrors. Lighting devices (including energy-saving) are based on the compounds of this metal. It can also be used as an additive in cosmetics for skin lightening.

In addition, mercury is contained in many products: cocoa beans, fish and seafood (especially rich mackerel and tuna), nuts, canned food. As a rule, in small quantities. However, it is worth limiting the consumption of these products.

Symptoms of poisoning

Mercury refers to the first class of danger of substances. Her couples are extremely flying and poisonous. That is why in the case of infecting it inside the premises of the house or in the hospital, measures must be taken.

If there was poisoning with a small amount of mercury, the symptoms will not immediately. Cumulative effect will work. The following symptoms will appear:

Sleep disturbance.
Emotional irritability.
Headaches.
Disruption of smell.
Tremor.
Bloodstock and gurus gums, the appearance of dark color kayms.

If demurcurination (removal, neutralization) was not in a timely manner, you can feel such signs of the body poisoning (usually after 6-24 hours) as:

Acute headache.
Total weakness, lethargy.
Increase body temperature.
Stomach disorder (diarrhea, diarrhea), acute pain in the gastrointestinal tract.
They begin to root and bleed gums.
Perhaps kidney damage (in acute cases can lead to death in a week).

If the poisoning still happened, immediately call an ambulance. As a first aid, you need to drink milk (about one liter), take activated coal (based on the tablet by 10 kg of the patient's weight). As a sorbent, you can use the shaken eggs. It is allowed to use the laxative. Prior to the arrogant to rinse the mouth with a five percent zinc chloride solution.

What is demurcurination?

This removal of mercury and its chemical compounds are mechanical, physical, chemical methods to prevent animal poisoning, people.

Demmerization mercury. Instruction

In general, all activities can be divided into physical and chemical methods. As a rule, it is necessary to physically remove the main amount of mercury from the surface, and the subsequent treatments by deactivating solutions minimize the room infection. Below are methods for processing premises at home and in the conditions of specialized agencies.

Demmerization of mercury at home

With devices containing connections of this metal, you need to refer particularly carefully. However, if a thermometer crashed, mercury demurcurization - necessary procedure.

Use individual means Protection - disposable gloves, booties, if possible, clothes that can be thrown away. First you need to collect all mercury into a tightly closing container filled with water. The collection is best done with a rubber fringe, a disposable syringe. You can use fabric or paper (for example, napkins), sprinkled in sunflower oil. The oil will facilitate the collection process. The material used in this way is placed in the same container with water. After disposing of this reagent, this dish must be passed to the regional center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations where experts will work with it. It is impossible to throw mercury along with household waste.

If mercury sheds on the carpet and it is impossible to expose it entirely, it is necessary to add it from the edges to the center so that the liquid metal remains only on its surface. Introducing the carpet on the street and placing it as vertically, you need to carefully collect all the mercury particles as mentioned above. Do not allow mercury to earth - it will be infected, and therefore pets and children who are more often in contact with the soil during games will be subject to poisoning. You can apply cloth under the carpet, the oilbox. After that, with neat patches, select it and leave an open-air at least two days.

Neutralization of mercury in LPU

In medical and preventive, as well as public institutions (schools, kindergartens), processing is carried out even more carefully, because more people can suffer here. First, the physical elimination is performed as described above. Then make chemical deactivation. You need to process all the surfaces of the surface of the surface of the surface. Leave for exposure (impact) for 6 hours. In the meantime, a special solution is prepared: the copper vigor (30 g) is dissolved in 1 liter of water, 180 grams of sodium sulfite are added, completely dissolved (the precipitate will not disappear) and forty grams of soda are added. The resulting composition also wipe all surfaces.

In addition, carriers that had contact with mercury can be treated with a solution of soap (40 g) with soda (50 g) per liter of water.

Public institutions should be equipped with special demurcourizing sets that already contain everything necessary to neutralize this agent and will not require so much time to prepare chemical reagents. Such kits can be used at home with great efficiency. In the future, it is recommended to ventilating and ozonizing the premises. Instructions for mercury demurcurization in LPU are subject to strict regulation. All cases must be communicated to the relevant services. After the activities carried out, measurement of the number of vapors and the degree of safety of the premises.

What can not be allowed when demircurization?

It is impossible to collect the distilled mercury with the help of a vacuum cleaner.
When you delete, do not break it on small drops - so evaporation will occur faster. Do not allow contact with an infected pet or children.
It is impossible to utilize mercury together with household waste. After harvesting in hermetic container with water, it must be transferred to regional Center Ministry of Emergency Situations

Do not use repeated fabric, fringe and other equipment involved in mercury demirkurization.

With mercury, a person faces every day, because it is contained in fluorescent lamps, thermometers, refrigerators, other household appliances. But what if this metal got on the open surfaces? Then it needs to quickly and competently assemble, because temporary delays can be very expensive. To do this, you need to carry out demarization.

What is this metal, influence on the human body

Metal mercury is the only heavy metal that is not excreted from the human body. It accumulates in the kidneys, liver, leads to cancer. Metal mercury poisoning is not so strong as the impact of its vapor. Couples are very toxic, quickly adsorbed by blood, over time Heavy inxication of the brain begins, often lethal outcomes, patients may remain disabled for life.

Mercury itself is very heavy liquid. It has the ability to evaporate at room temperature, but the mass of the ball itself from this practically does not change. Even 5 mg of mercury of an ordinary thermometer can contaminate up to 30 cubic meters of air, the concentration of vapors is sufficient to cause severe poisoning. The only way to eliminate the spilled mercury is to carry out the demurcurization of the room (another name of mercury - Mercury).

What is demurcurination

This is the process of removing mercury from contaminated surfaces. The technology can differ significantly depending on the level of pollution, the volume of spilled mercury, the size of the room, wind speed. There are physical and chemical methods of demurcurination, only physical methods are practiced at home. In the industrial spilling of mercury, sorbents are used that precipitate mercury reduce its volatility, accelerate the process of cleaning the room. Sorbents are expensive, they are used by specialists, and the challenge is always paid.

How to spend yourself

To begin with, you need to isolate the mercury pairs in a separate room, to ensure the protection of other people. Therefore, the demurcurization process is divided into two stages: ensuring the safety of the surrounding and assembly of the spilled metal. For this you need:

Remove from the premises of all people, close tight entrance doors so that there is no draft;
Open the windows, turn on the air conditioner (if any) cool the room as much as possible. The lower the temperature, the smaller the vapors of the dangerous poison will spread;
The place of spill is covered with a damp tight fabric, preferably as close as possible. All things on which the spray of toxic fluid can get, remove;
Close the door tightly, flush the gap scratch, leave the window open. Insulated room needed at least an hour to reduce the temperature inside and the concentration of vapors.

After conducting emergency security and blocking the spread of vapors on rooms, you can proceed to the physical collection of metal.

Next steps

After wasolation of the focus of air pollution by couples, mercury does not recommend specialists. Considering that mercury is a liquid, it actively adsorbs dust to its surface, dirt. As a result, in a few hours, the volatility will decrease at times. Demmerization is desirable to start a day after the spill, but if the room is residential and there are no other options, then it can be started immediately.

Collect mercury:

Challenge specialists. Firefighters, specialists of this industry, SanEpidemstan will help to collect mercury. As a rule, several visits are sufficient to the interval to the day to completely eliminate the spill of mercury. Such activities are licensed, therefore, you need to pre-check the presence of the necessary tolerances. The presence of mercury vapors, its concentration is checked by a special device that takes place annually.
Conduct demurpurization by independently physical, chemical methods.

Required materials and tools for demurcourization on their own:

Special clothing: respirator, special equipment;
Glass airtight bank of a small capacity for the collection of mercury with solid neutralization;
Sealed packages for polluted clothes;
Syringe with a thick needle for collecting mercury;
Cotton, bandage or dense tape;
Gloves;
Lamp;
Sorbents (chloric, calcined soda, white, manganese or iodine).

When collecting mercury, it is strictly forbidden to use the vacuum cleaner, broom or other methods that can break the large balls into smaller. Then collect metal will be more difficult, without special equipment can not do.

Stages

First you need to collect the biggest drops. They have a large surface bordering the air, therefore, vapors are formed a lot. It is better to use dense paper, tape. As the paper is promoted, you can collect all the large drops, connect them to a single whole and pour the resulting mercury to the jar. Small drops are better to collect a syringe, but watch out to not split them into small fragments. Excellent for such purposes is suitable for adhesion, leukoplasty. All firm materials contaminated with metal must be placed in a hermetic ass, limit air access. To collect mercury in hard-to-reach places it is better to use tampons wet by manganese or chlorine, they should also be moved to the container.

If the metal fell under the plinth, for the parquet, then the dismantling is required.

Mercury is strictly forbidden to throw away for landfills, in the garbage box - the degree of contamination will increase significantly. Each city has items of receiving this liquid metal. If you throw the poison to the garbage chute, then the whole house can be poisoned, although in small concentrations.

As soon as all visible metal drops are collected, you can start chemical demurcuriation. The optimal solution is to make an aqueous solution from mangartage, calcined soda, iodine in proportions 1: 1: 1.5 ml per 100 ml of water. You can also add vinegar, citric acid for greater effect. This solution is needed for disinfection of small drops, which as splashes fall on carpets. It is impossible to remove them in the usual way technically.

Chemical demurcurization

Preparation of a physical solution. It is better to use manganese, bertolet salt. These are the most active sorbents against liquid poison. If they are not at home, then an aqueous or alcohol solution of iodine, calcined soda, chlorine. It is necessary to work with chlorine carefully so as not to damage the upper respiratory tract with chlorine couples.
Demercurization process. Pour the solution into each slot, you can also apply it to natural carpets, but not on carpet. Stains after the means will remain forever.
Leave the solution for several hours, optimally - day.
Conduct a wet room cleaning, while removing all the flooring, sending them to dry cleaning. Then make a wet cleaning daily to reduce the concentration of metal vapors. The optimal temperature of the external environment is up to 15 degrees.

There are also industrial synthetic means for demurcurization. These are polymer estrices, surfactant-based surfactant, formaldehyde, butyl alcohol. Funds are relatively cheap, to each drug is attached detailed instructions. Such mixtures are perfectly coping with great pollution, only they are toxic to others, you need to follow precautions.

Instruction Department of Health of Moscow
to carry out demurcurization of premises of medical and preventive and other health care facilities,
contaminated mercury with emergency disorders of the integrity of mercury-containing devices

(approved by the Department of Health of Moscow)

Designed for medical and other personnel of therapeutic and preventive and other health care facilities - users of mercury-containing products.

Compiled in accordance with the requirements of sanitary rules and norms 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste of therapeutic and preventive institutions", SP "Sanitary rules when working with mercury, its compounds and devices with mercury filling" and MP 4545-87 "Methodical recommendations for controlling the organization of the current and final demurcurization and evaluation of its effectiveness."

The possibility of an emergency violation of the integrity of these items, the exit of metal mercury into the external environment, the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds on the human body necessitates the need to regulate not only work with these devices requiring special care, but also emergency measures to eliminate emergency situations and the prevention of pollution of mercury Environmental - carrying out the collection, removal and neutralization of even the minimum amount of metallic mercury.

1. Impact of mercury on people's health

Mercury refers to the substances of the 1st hazard class. It is distinguished by a wide range and a large variety of manifestations of toxic action, the nervous and excretory system is particularly striking. The mercury hitting the human body is carried out mainly when inhaling air contaminated with mercury couples. In acute poisoning of mercury couples, the symptoms of respiratory tract (chills, a sharp dry cough, a runny nose, shortness of breath, possibly the development of toxic edema, in severe cases - with death), gastrointestinal tract (frequent liquid stool), nervous system (excitation or Sleepiness), on the 3 - 4th day there is a manifestation of toxic nephropathy of varying severity.

2. Brief information about mercury and its properties

Mercury is very aggressive in relation to various structural materials (steel, non-ferrous metals) - can cause corrosion and destruction of medical equipment.

3. Procedure for working with mercury-containing devices in healthcare facilities

In accordance with the sanitary rules and regulations 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for collecting, storing and removing waste treatment and preventive institutions", SP "Sanitary rules when working with mercury, its compounds and devices with mercury filling" and MP 4545-87 "Methodical Recommendations for controlling the organization of current and final demurcurization and evaluation of its effectiveness "and in order to streamline the collection, temporary storage of exhaust devices with mercury filling in a medical institution by order of the head of the institution, persons responsible for:

Collection and temporary storage of spent mercury-containing lamps, thermometers and devices in a specially dedicated room;

Organization and conduct of demurcurization in accidents with these devices;

Transferring mercury-containing items and materials to a specialized enterprise.

These individuals should annually undergo safety instructions in the listed types of work with the study of this instruction and the relevant medical examinations, laboratory and functional surveys.

4. Events in the accident, which resulted in mercury

4.1. General requirements

Continuous air ventilation should be ensured, in which the mercury strands occurred.

Do not:

Use a household vacuum cleaner to collect spilled mercury;

Pour mercury into the sink and sewer.

In the case of more complex mercury pollution (the destruction of the tonometer, the ignitron, etc.), the challenge of the District Department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is necessary.

4.2. Elimination of mercury pollution with a demurcurial set

4.2.1. Characteristics of the demarization kit

The basis of the demurpurization kit is the patented drug "E-2000 +", which includes a sulfur-containing substance, a complexing agent and a surfactant.

The demurcuriation kit includes all the necessary materials and devices: sprayer, gloves, napkins, film, detergent, etc. All of the above is packaged in a special bag (25 × 30 cm).

The demaricarization set is attached to the instruction agreed with the authorities of Rospotrebnadzor of Moscow.

The application of the demurcury-free set allows you to be guaranteed to eliminate small mercury pollution (8-10 MPCs) arising from the unit destruction of fluorescent lamps or the destruction of the medical thermometer.

Works on the elimination of mercury pollution performed using a demurcourt-free set include:

Mechanical cleaning (picking up mercury drops in case of destruction of the medical thermometer);

Chemical processing;

Surface Waste (Demmerization Product Removal).

Drops of mercury are collected with a pear and placed in a jar with a tightly closing lid.

Chemical treatment is carried out using demarization preparations No. 1 and No. 2 (the technology of the process is set forth in the instructions attached to the demurcurization set).

Demurcurization products removal is performed using a solution containing surfactants.

After performing work, it is necessary to collect all used devices and materials (napkins, sponges, gloves, etc.), put them in the bag containing the demurcuriation kit, for subsequent delivery in NLP "Ecotr" to neutralization.

4.2.3. Security requirements for work

Work on eliminating mercury pollution should be carried out in rubber gloves (contained in the demarization kit).