- international
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child- international
legal document defining the rights of children in
participating states. Convention on the rights of the child
is the first and main international law
a mandatory document dedicated to
a wide range of child rights. Document con-
It consists of 54 articles detailing the individual
the rights of persons from birth to 18 years of age (if
under applicable laws, the age of majority is not
occurs earlier) to the full development of their capabilities
in conditions free from hunger and want,
cruelty, exploitation and other forms of abuse
children.
Article 1.
Article 1.
A child is every person in the world under the age of 18.
Article 2.
Article 2.
All children have the same rights and equal value. Nobody should be discriminated against.
Article 3.
Article 3.
The interests of the child must always be taken into account first and foremost.
Article 4.
Article 4.
The state of the convention should strive to the best of all the resources at their disposal to implement the social, economic and cultural rights of the child. If resources are scarce, solutions must be sought through international cooperation.
Article 6.
Article 6.
Every child has the right to life and development
Article 7.
Article 7.
The child is entitled to a name and nationality. The child has the right to know, as far as possible, who his parents are.
Article 9.
Article 9.
A child should not live separately from his parents against his will, except in the case when it is in his interests. A child who does not live with both parents has the right to meet with both of them regularly.
Article 10.
Article 10.
Inquiries from family members living in different countries and wishing to connect should be treated kindly, humanely and promptly.
Article 12-15
Article 12-15
The child has the right to express his opinion on all issues related to him. When the court and the authorities consider cases involving a child, it is necessary to hear his testimony and act primarily in his interests. The child's rights to freedom of thought, freedom of conscience and religion must be respected.
Article 18.
Article 18.
Parents have a common and primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child. They have a responsibility to think about the best interests of the child first.
Article 19.
Article 19.
The child has the right to be protected from physical and mental abuse, from lack of care or use by parents or guardians in their interests.
Article 20-21
Article 20-21
A child who has lost his family is entitled to alternative care. When adopting, the state is obliged to take care of the interests of the child in accordance with applicable laws.
Article 22.
Article 22.
A refugee child who arrives alone, with his parents or a third party, has the right to protection and assistance.
Article 23.
Article 23.
Any child with a physical or mental disability has the right to a full and dignified life, ensuring an active participation in the life of society
Article 24-27
Article 24-27
The child has the right to health care and medical care. All countries must work to reduce child mortality, fight disease and malnutrition, and eliminate traditional and hazardous practices. Pregnant women and young mothers are entitled to health care.
Article 28-29
Article 28-29
The child is entitled to free primary education. Education has a responsibility to prepare the child for life, develop respect for human rights and foster a spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance and friendship among peoples.
Article 31.
Article 31.
The child has the right to play, rest and leisure.
Article 32.
Article 32.
The child has the right to be protected from economic exploitation and hard work that harms or interferes with education and endangers the child's health
Article 33.
Article 33.
The child has the right to be protected from illegal drug use
The Convention on the Rights of the Child in Pictures Article 1. Every human being up to the age of 18 is considered a child.
Article 2. Every child, without any exception, must be guaranteed all rights.
The state must protect the child from all forms of discrimination.
Article 3. In all action for children, the best interests of the child are given priority.
Article 4. The state is obliged to ensure the implementation of the rights determined by the Convention.
Article 26. Children have the right to government assistance if they are in need and poverty.
Article 5. States have an obligation to respect parents and families in relation to their parenting function.
Article 18.
Article 27. Parents are responsible for providing their child with the standard of living necessary for his harmonious development, even if one of the parents lives in another country.
Article 7. From the moment of birth, the right to a name, to citizenship, the right to know one's parents and the right to their care.
Article 8. The state is obliged to provide assistance and protection to the child in order to restore his individuality if he is unlawfully deprived of it.
Article 9. The child's right to maintain contact with their parents in cases of separation. Where separation arises from circumstances such as arrest, imprisonment or death of one or both parents, the State provides the parent or child with information regarding the whereabouts of the absent family member.
Article 10. A child's applications to enter or leave a State for the purpose of family reunification must be treated in a humane manner. The child has the right to maintain direct contact with both parents on a regular basis if they live in different countries.
Article 11. States are taking steps to combat child abduction by a parent or third party.
Article 12. The child's right to express his or her opinion and the right to have it taken into account.
Article 13. The right to seek, receive and transmit information of any kind in the form of works of art, in writing or in print.
Article 14. States must respect the rights and responsibilities of parents to guide the child in exercising this right in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child.
Article 15. The child's right to freedom of association and freedom of peaceful assembly.
Article 17. The child should have access to various sources of information; the development of principles for protecting the child from information harmful to his or her well-being is encouraged.
Article 18. Both parents have a common and equal responsibility for the upbringing of the child, and the State provides them with appropriate assistance in fulfilling their parenting responsibilities.
Article 19. States must ensure that children are protected from all forms of physical or psychological violence. Social programs should be developed to provide the necessary support for the child and those who care for him.
Article 20. The child has the right to receive replacement care in accordance with the laws of his or her country. When considering options for replacing childcare, the state should take into account the desirability of the continuity of the upbringing of the child and its ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic background.
Article 21. States are obliged to ensure that the adoption of a child is carried out only by competent authorities. Adoption in another country can be considered as an alternative way of caring for a child if all modes of care in the country of origin have been exhausted.
Article 22. Refugee children must be provided with adequate protection. States should assist international organizations to provide such protection and to reunite children with their families.
Article 38. Children under the age of 15 should not take part in hostilities.
Children under 15 years of age are not eligible for military service.
Article 23. The right to special care and education that ensures an active participation in the life of the community.
Article 25. A child placed in care for the purpose of caring for, protecting or treating him or her is entitled to a periodic assessment of the conditions associated with such care.
Article 28. The right to free primary education, the availability of various forms of secondary education and the need to take measures to reduce the number of students dropping out of school.
Article 29. Education should be aimed at the development of the personality and abilities of the child, at preparing him for a conscious adult life, at fostering respect for human rights, for his cultural identity. home country as well as other countries.
Article 30. The right of a child belonging to ethnic minorities or indigenous people to enjoy their culture and mother tongue.
Article 31. The child's right to participate in games and recreational activities, the right to participate in cultural life and art.
Article 32. The child's right to be protected from exploitation, from performing any work that poses a danger to his health.
Article 33. Protection of the child from the illegal use of these substances, from the use of children in their illegal production and trade.
Article 34. Protecting the child from sexual exploitation including prostitution; protection from the use of children in pornographic materials.
Article 35. The state is obliged to take all necessary measures to prevent the abduction of children, the sale of children or their smuggling.
What is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child? "Convention" is, in Russian, an international treaty. The Convention on the Rights of the Child consists of articles on the rights of the child that must be respected in all countries. The observance of the Convention is monitored by special people - Commissioners for the Rights of the Child, who are not only in the capitals, but also in different cities of each country. So, at any time, you have someone to report the violation of your legal rights!
What does a child need? Give a name to the child. Give him the moral, physical, spiritual, and character traits that this ideal child should have (for example, good health, a sense of humor, kindness). Write these qualities inside the outline. Make it comfortable for him to live in your country; give him rights, they should be 8. Introduce your new member of the community and explain why you chose such a child, such rights. Article 1. A child is every person up to the age of 18.
The right to education - the right to care - the right to live together with parents - the right to be raised by one's parents - the right to health care - the right to a first name, patronymic, surname - the right to express one's opinion - the right to rest, leisure - the right not to be subjected to cruelty or painful punishments. - the right to food, clothing and housing, to a good standard of living. - the right to be protected from all forms of violence or exploitation - the right to help in cases of abuse, neglect or abuse
Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Recognizing the need for “human rights literacy”, the UN has declared the period 1995-2005 to be the decade of human rights education. The problem of human rights is of priority importance in the activities of the United Nations and UNESCO. For half a century of existence, these organizations have adopted more than a hundred documents (declarations, conventions, packages and recommendations) on this problem. However, not only their number serves as an indicator of the significance of the efforts of an international organization, the main thing is that the UN, for the first time in world history, has developed documents that define basic human rights and freedoms, which are international standards. One such document is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted by the General Assembly.
On November 20, 1989, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It took the Assembly only two minutes to formally transform the international legal instrument into a universal standard, which now serves as a measure of the fundamental rights of the world's children. By this act, the international community extended the rights to one of the most vulnerable groups in society - children.
This event is so important and significant that many publicists and public figures of the pack call the Convention the Magna Carta for Children, the world constitution of the rights of the child.
The development of documents on the rights of the child has a history.
The issue of a separate consideration of children's rights arose relatively recently. It was only as a result of democratic reform movements in the 19th century that states assumed responsibility for protecting children from parental abuse and the economic exploitation of employers. Even before the founding of the UN, rights were seen primarily as measures to be taken in relation to slavery, child labor, the sale of children and the prostitution of minors. In this regard, the League of the Nations in 1924 adopted the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child.
Children, their well-being and rights have been at the center of the UN's focus since its inception in 1945. One of the first acts of the General Assembly was the formation of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which is currently the main mechanism for international assistance to children.
The 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that children should be the object of special care and assistance.
The need for special protection of the rights of the child was also recognized in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and cultural rights ah (in particular in Article 19), in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (in particular in Articles 23 and 24), as well as in the statutes and relevant documents of the specialized agencies and international organizations dealing with child welfare.
In 1959, the UN adopts the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Her main thesis was that humanity is obliged to give the child the best of what it has. It proclaimed ten social and legal principles for the protection and well-being of children at the national and international levels. The Declaration called on parents, individuals, non-governmental organizations, local authorities and governments to recognize and strive to respect the rights and freedoms set forth in it. The Declaration also stated that children should be provided with special protection and opportunities and conditions that allow them to develop in a healthy and normal way, in conditions of freedom and dignity. This document has had a significant impact on the policy and practice of governments and individuals around the world.
However, it soon became necessary to adopt a new document - convection. International documents, including those on human rights, can be conditionally divided into two large groups: declarations and convections, and if the declaration (from Latin - proclamation) does not have binding force, being a recommendation in which the basic principles and programmatic provisions are proclaimed, the convention (from the Latin - treaty, agreement) is an agreement on a special issue, binding on those states that have acceded to it (signed, ratified).
The deterioration of the situation of children required the international community to adopt a document that would not just declare their rights, but on the basis of legal norms measures to protect these rights would be recorded. Over the 30 years of the existence of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, many ideas have changed, new concepts have emerged, therefore the Convention on the Rights of the Child has acquired a broader character. The need to give the rights of children the force of treaty law was especially acute in the course of preparations for the International Year of the Child, which was celebrated in 1979. For ten years, from 1979 to 1989, the Commission on Human Rights, in whose work lawyers, doctors, teachers, psychologists, sociologists, culturologists, leaders of public organizations and religious confessions of many countries of the world, took part, developed this project.
Compared to the 1959 Declaration on the Rights of the Child, where there were 10 short, declarative provisions (they were called principles), the Convention has 54 articles that take into account almost all aspects related to the life and position of a child in society. The Convention on the Rights of the Child not only develops and concretizes the provisions of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, but also goes further, asserting that states that accede to it are legally responsible for their actions in relation to children. Countries that have ratified or acceded to the Convention on the Rights of the Child must review their national legislation to ensure that it is consistent with the provisions of the Convention. By signing the Convention, states declare their obligation to comply with these provisions and, if they are not complied with, are accountable to the international community.
The Convention is of equal importance to peoples in all regions of the world. This is the result of long and fruitful negotiations between representatives of countries of different socio-economic systems, ethical and religious approaches to life in the development of a set of common values and goals that have universal application.
Despite the fact that the Convention establishes general norms, it takes into account the different cultural, social, economic and political realities of individual states, which allows each state, on the basis of common rights for all, to choose its own national means to fulfill these norms. This gives grounds to assert that the Convention is universal in nature.
Speaking about the history of the Declaration and the Convention, one cannot but recall the name of the prominent Russian teacher, passionate fighter for the rights of children and the free upbringing of the individual, K.N. Ventzel. Based on humanistic philosophical thought, in September 1917 he developed and published the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. This kind of humanistic manifesto was one of the first in world practice, which was several decades ahead of a similar UN Declaration.
The international community has praised the Convention as an outstanding humanistic document of our time. The UNICEF Executive Board, at its annual session (June 1992), invited states to celebrate World Children's Day on 20 November (the day of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child) every year.
The Convention is a document of special social and moral significance, for it affirms the recognition of the child as part of humanity, the inaccessibility of discrimination against him, the primacy of universal human values and the harmonious development of the individual. The Convention proclaims the priority of the interests of children over the needs of the state, society, religion, family; it specifically highlights the need for special care by the state and society for socially deprived groups of children: orphans, disabled people, refugees, and offenders.
“The best interests of the child” is a universal concept. It includes the right to survival, healthy development and protection from abuse. These rights are universally recognized and have become international norms.
Convention - legal document high international standard. She proclaims the child a full-fledged person, an independent subject of law. Such an attitude towards a child was never and nowhere. Defining children's rights that reflect the full range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural human rights. The Convention also establishes legal norms for the responsibility of the state, creates a special control mechanism (the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child) and gives it high powers.
The Convention is a document of the highest pedagogical significance. It encourages both adults and children to build their relationships on moral and legal norms, which are based on genuine humanism and democracy, respect and respect for the child's personality, his opinion and views. They should be the basis of pedagogy, education and the decisive elimination of the authoritarian style of communication between an adult and a child, teacher and student. At the same time, the Convention affirms the need for the younger generation to form a conscious understanding of the laws and rights of other people, and a respectful attitude towards them.
The ideas of the Convention should introduce a lot of fundamentally new things, not only in our legislation, but above all in our consciousness.
The main idea of Convection is the best interests of the child. Its position is reduced to four essential requirements that must ensure the rights of children: survival, development, protection and ensuring active participation in the life of society.
Convection affirms a number of important social legal principles, the main of which is the recognition of a child as a full-fledged and full-fledged person. It is a recognition that children should have human rights in their own right, and not as an adjunct to their parents or guardians.
According to Convection, every human being is a child until the age of 18, unless an earlier age of majority is established by national law.
Recognizing the child as an independent subject of law, Convection covers the entire range of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. At the same time, she stresses that the exercise of one right is inseparable from the exercise of others. It proclaims the priority of the interests of children over the needs of the state, society, religion, family. The Convention affirms that the freedom a child needs to develop intellectual, moral and spiritual abilities requires not only a healthy, but also a safe environment, an appropriate level of health care, provision of minimum standards for food, clothing and housing. In addition, these rights should be given to children in the first place, always on a priority basis.
We do not set ourselves the task of detailing the content of all 54 articles of the Convention, but we will try to briefly describe them.
Every child has an inalienable right to life and states ensure, to the greatest extent possible, the survival and healthy development of the child
Every child has the right to a name and citizenship from the moment of birth.
In all actions of courts, institutions social security, the administrative bodies dealing with the problems of children, priority is given to the best interests of the child. The child's opinion must be duly considered.
States ensure the exercise of all rights by every child without discrimination or distinction.
Children should not be separated from their parents unless this is done by the competent authorities in the interests of their well-being.
States should facilitate family reunification by allowing entry into or exit from their territory.
Parents have the primary responsibility for raising a child, but States should provide adequate assistance and develop childcare networks.
States must ensure that children are protected from actual or psychological harm and from abuse, including sexual abuse or exploitation.
States provide a suitable substitute for caring for children who do not have parents. The establishment process is carefully regulated to provide guarantees and legal validity in cases where the adoptive parents intend to introduce a child from the country where he was born.
Disabled children have the right to special treatment, education and care. (I would like to emphasize the idea, unusual until recently for our society, that it is not the disabled person who is adapted to the conditions, but the environment, life to his capabilities and characteristics.)
The child has the right to receive the best possible health care services. The state must ensure the protection of the health of all children, with priority given to preventive measures, health education and the reduction of child mortality.
Primary education should be free and compulsory.
School discipline must be maintained with using methods reflecting respect for the human dignity of the child. Education should prepare the child for a life of understanding, peace and tolerance.
However, the Convention recognizes that not all governments yet have the resources to ensure all economic, social and cultural rights. However, it obliges them to prioritize these rights and to ensure that they are respected to the greatest extent possible, taking into account the resources available.
In fulfilling their obligations, states are forced to amend national laws, plans, policies and practices. To take such measures, first of all, political will is needed.
Convection has brought about changes that are already beginning to seriously affect the international community's attitude towards children. Currently, 96% of the world's children live in states bound by a legal obligation to protect children's rights.
Rights baby. Convention O rights baby... Childhood problems in modern world... Concept " child". History of creation The convention UN on rights baby (1989 ...
Declaration of the rights of the child. Convention on the Rights of the Child, it is advisable to study these documents in the form of a conversation, commenting on the most important articles Decl
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Convention on the rights of the child
Accepted and open for signature, ratification and accession
Ratified by the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
Preamble
The States Parties to this Convention,
Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity, equal and inalienable rights of all members of society is the basis for ensuring freedom, justice and peace on earth,
Considering that the peoples of the United Nations have reaffirmed in the Charter their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, and are determined to promote social progress and better living conditions in larger freedom,
Recognizing that the United Nations, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants on Human Rights, has proclaimed and agreed that everyone should have all the rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction whatsoever on such grounds as race, skin color, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property status, birth or other circumstances,
Recalling that the United Nations, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, has proclaimed that children have the right to special care and assistance,
Convinced that the family, as the fundamental unit of society and the natural environment for the growth and well-being of all its members, and especially children, must be provided with the necessary protection and assistance so that it can fully assume its responsibilities within society,
recognizing that for the full and harmonious development of his personality, a child needs to grow up in a family environment, in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding,
Considering that the child should be fully prepared for an independent life in society and brought up in the spirit of the ideals proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, and especially in the spirit of peace, dignity, tolerance, freedom, equality and solidarity,
Whereas the need for such special protection of the child was provided for in the 1924 Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child and the Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopted by the General Assembly on 20 November 1959, and recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ( in particular in articles 23 and 24), in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (in particular in article 10), as well as in the statutes and relevant documents of specialized agencies and international organizations dealing with the welfare of children,
Considering that, as stated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, “the child, due to his physical and mental immaturity, needs special protection and care, including proper legal protection, both before and after birth ",
Recalling the provisions of the Declaration on Social and Legal Principles Relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children, Particularly in Foster Placement and Adoption at the National and International Levels, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice ("The Beijing Rules") and the Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in extraordinary circumstances and during armed conflicts,
Recognizing that there are children in all countries of the world who live in extremely difficult conditions and that such children need special attention,
Taking due account of the importance of the traditions and cultural values of each people for the protection and harmonious development of the child,
Recognizing the importance of international cooperation to improve the living conditions of children in every country, in particular in developing countries,
Have agreed as follows:
Part I
Article 1.
For the purposes of this Convention, a child is every human being until the age of 18, unless, by the law applicable to the child concerned, he or she reaches the age of majority earlier.
Article 2.
1. States Parties respect and ensure all the rights provided for in this Convention for every child within their jurisdiction, without any discrimination, regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national , ethnic or social origin, property status, state of health and birth of a child, his parents or legal guardians, or any other circumstances.
2. States Parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection of the child from all forms of discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed views or beliefs of the child, the child's parents, legal guardians or other family members.
Article 3.
1. The best interests of the child are given priority in all action against children, whether taken by public or private social welfare agencies, courts, administrations or legislatures.
2. States Parties undertake to provide the child with such protection and care as is necessary for his well-being, taking into account the rights and obligations of his parents, guardians or other persons responsible for him or her under the law, and to this end, adopt all appropriate legislative and administrative measures.
3. States Parties shall ensure that institutions, services and bodies responsible for the care or protection of children comply with the standards established by the competent authorities, in particular in the field of safety and health and in terms of the number and suitability of their personnel, and competent supervision.
Article 4.
States Parties shall take all necessary legislative, administrative and other measures to implement the rights recognized in this Convention. With regard to economic, social and cultural rights, participating States shall take such measures to the maximum extent of their available resources and, if necessary, within the framework of international cooperation.
Article 5.
States Parties shall respect the responsibilities, rights and obligations of parents and, where applicable, members of the extended family or community, as provided by local custom, guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child, to properly manage and guide the child in the exercise of those recognized by this Convention. rights and to do so in accordance with the evolving abilities of the child.
Article 6
1. States Parties recognize that every child has an inalienable right to life.
2. States Parties shall ensure, to the fullest extent possible, the survival and healthy development of the child.
Article 7.
1. The child is registered immediately after birth and from the moment of birth has the right to a name and to acquire citizenship, as well as, as far as possible, the right to know his parents and the right to their care.
2. States Parties shall ensure the exercise of these rights in accordance with their national legislation and the fulfillment of their obligations under the relevant international instruments in this field, in particular if the child would otherwise be stateless.
Article 8.
1. States Parties undertake to respect the child's right to maintain his or her identity, including nationality, name and family ties, as provided by law, without unlawful interference.
2. If a child is unlawfully deprived of some or all of the elements of his or her identity, States Parties shall provide him with the assistance and protection necessary to re-establish his or her identity as soon as possible.
Article 9.
1. States Parties shall ensure that a child is not separated from his or her parents against their will, unless the competent authorities, in accordance with judgment determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures, that such separation is necessary in the best interests of the child. Such a definition may be necessary in a particular case, for example, when the parents abuse or neglect the child, or when the parents live separately and a decision needs to be made about the child's place of residence.
2. In any proceedings under paragraph 1 of this article all interested parties are given the opportunity to participate in the proceedings and present their points of view.
3. States Parties respect the right of a child who is separated from one or both parents to maintain personal relationships and direct contact with both parents on a regular basis, unless this is contrary to the best interests of the child.
4. In cases where such separation results from any decision taken by the State party, such as arrest, imprisonment, expulsion, deportation or death (including death due to any reason whilst in custody of this person administered by the State) of one or both parents or child, such State Party shall provide the parents, the child or, if necessary, another family member, upon request, with the necessary information regarding the whereabouts of the absent family member / members, provided the provision of this information does not prejudice the welfare child. States Parties will further ensure that the submission of such a request does not in itself result in an adverse effect on the person / persons concerned.
Article 10.
1. In accordance with the obligation of States parties under article 9, paragraph 1, applications by a child or his parents to enter or leave a State party for the purpose of family reunification must be dealt with in a positive, humane and expeditious manner by States parties. States Parties further ensure that the submission of such a request does not result in adverse consequences for the applicants and their family members.
2. A child whose parents live in different states has the right to maintain, on a regular basis, except in special circumstances, personal relationships and direct contacts with both parents. To this end, and in accordance with the obligation of States parties under article 9, paragraph 2, States parties shall respect the right of the child and his parents to leave any country, including their own, and return to their country. The right to leave any country is subject only to such restrictions as are established by law and are necessary to protect national security, public order (ordre public), public health or morals, or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in this Convention.
Article 11.
1. States Parties shall take measures to combat the illegal movement and non-return of children from abroad.
2. To this end, the participating States shall promote the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements or accession to existing agreements.
Article 12.
1. States Parties shall ensure to a child who is able to formulate his own views the right to freely express those views in all matters affecting the child, and the views of the child are given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child.
2.To this end, the child shall in particular be given the opportunity to be heard in any judicial or administrative proceedings affecting the child, either directly or through a representative or an appropriate authority, in the manner prescribed procedural rules national legislation.
Article 13.
1. The child has the right to freely express his opinion; this right includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of any kind, regardless of boundaries, orally, in writing or in print, in the form of works of art or through other means of the child's choice.
2. The exercise of this right may be subject to certain restrictions, but these restrictions may only be those restrictions that are provided by law and which are necessary:
a) to respect the rights and reputation of others; or
b) for the protection of national security or public order (ordre public), or the health or morals of the population.
Article 14.
1. States Parties respect the child's right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
2. States Parties shall respect the rights and responsibilities of parents and, where appropriate, legal guardians, to guide the child in the exercise of his right in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child.
3. The freedom to practice one's religion or belief may be subject only to such restrictions as are established by law and are necessary for the protection of state security, public order, morality and health of the population or the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of others.
Article 15.
1. States Parties recognize the child's right to freedom of association and freedom of peaceful assembly.
2. With regard to implementation given right no restrictions may be applied other than those which are applied in accordance with the law and which are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of state security or public safety, public order (ordre public), the protection of public health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
Article 16
1. No child may be the object of arbitrary or unlawful interference with the exercise of his right to privacy, family life, home inviolability or privacy of correspondence, or unlawful infringement of his honor and reputation.
2. The child has the right to be protected by the law from such interference or infringement.
Article 17.
States Parties recognize the important role of the media and ensure that the child has access to information and materials from various national and international sources, especially to such information and materials that are aimed at promoting the social, spiritual and moral well-being, as well as the healthy physical and mental development of the child. To this end, the participating States:
(a) Encourage the media to disseminate information and materials that are socially and culturally beneficial to the child and in the spirit of article 29;
(b) Encourage international cooperation in the preparation, exchange and dissemination of such information and materials from various cultural, national and international sources;
c) encourage the production and distribution of children's literature;
(d) Encourage the media to pay particular attention to the linguistic needs of a child belonging to a minority group or indigenous population;
(e) Encourage the development of appropriate principles for the protection of the child from information and material harmful to his or her well-being, taking into account the provisions of articles 13 and 18.
Article 18.
1. The participating States shall make every possible effort to ensure that the principle of the common and equal responsibility of both parents for the upbringing and development of the child is recognized. Parents or, where applicable, legal guardians have primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child. The best interests of the child are their primary concern.
2. In order to guarantee and facilitate the exercise of the rights set forth in this Convention, States Parties shall provide parents and legal guardians with adequate assistance in fulfilling their responsibilities for raising children and ensure the development of a network of childcare facilities.
3. States Parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure that children whose parents are employed have the right to use the services and childcare facilities designated for them.
Article 19.
1. States Parties shall take all necessary legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or psychological violence, abuse or abuse, neglect or neglect, abuse or exploitation, including sexual abuse, by parents , legal guardians or any other person caring for the child.
2. Such protective measures, where necessary, include effective procedures for the development of social programs in order to provide the necessary support to the child and those who care for him, as well as to implement other forms of prevention and detection, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment. and follow-up to the cases of child abuse referred to above and, if necessary, to initiate legal proceedings.
Article 20.
1. A child who is temporarily or permanently deprived of his family environment, or who, in his own best interests, cannot remain in such an environment, is entitled to special protection and assistance provided by the state.
2. States Parties shall, in accordance with their national laws, provide a substitute for the care of such a child.
3. Such care may include, inter alia, foster placement, kafalah of Islamic law, adoption or, if necessary, placement in appropriate institutions for the care of children. In considering replacement options, due regard should be given to the desirability of a child's parenting continuity and ethnicity, religion, culture and mother tongue.
Article 21.
States Parties that recognize and / or permit the existence of an adoption system shall ensure that the best interests of the child are taken into account as a matter of priority and they:
a) ensure that the adoption of a child is only permitted by competent authorities who determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures and on the basis of all relevant and reliable information, that adoption is permissible in view of the child's status in relation to parents, relatives and legal guardians and that, if required , the persons concerned have given their informed consent to the adoption on the basis of such consultation as may be necessary;
b) recognize that adoption in another country can be considered as an alternative way of caring for the child if the child cannot be placed in foster care or placed in a family capable of raising or adopting him, and if the provision of any suitable care in the child's country of origin is impossible;
c) ensure that in the case of adoption of a child in another country, the same guarantees and rules apply as apply to domestic adoptions;
d) take all necessary measures to ensure that, in the event of adoption in another country, the placement of the child does not lead to unjustified financial benefits for the persons associated with the child;
e) promote, where necessary, the achievement of the objectives of this article by concluding bilateral and multilateral arrangements or agreements and endeavor on this basis to ensure that the placement of a child in another country is carried out by the competent authorities or bodies.
Article 22
1. States Parties shall take the necessary measures to ensure that a child who wishes to obtain refugee status or is considered a refugee, in accordance with applicable international or domestic law and procedures, whether accompanied or not accompanied by his or her parents or any other person, is adequately protected and humanitarian aid in use applicable rights set out in this Convention and other international human rights or humanitarian instruments to which the said states are parties.
2.To this end, States Parties shall, where they deem it necessary, co-operate with any effort by the United Nations and other competent intergovernmental organizations or non-governmental organizations cooperating with the United Nations to protect, assist and find such a child. parents or other family members of any refugee child in order to obtain the information necessary to reunite him or her with his family. In cases where parents or other family members cannot be found, that child shall be afforded the same protection as any other child who, for whatever reason, is permanently or temporarily deprived of his family environment, as provided for in this Convention.
Article 23.
1. States Parties recognize that a child who is mentally or physically disabled should lead a full and dignified life in conditions that ensure his dignity, promote his self-confidence and facilitate his active participation in society.
2. States Parties recognize the right of the disabled child to special care and encourage and ensure the provision, subject to the availability of resources, to the eligible and responsible child for the assistance requested and which is consistent with the condition of the child and the situation of his parents or other persons. providing care for the child.
3. In recognition of the special needs of the disabled child, assistance in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article shall be provided, whenever possible, free of charge, taking into account the financial resources of the parents or other persons providing care for the child, and is aimed at ensuring the disabled child has effective access to educational services. vocational training, health care, restoration of health, preparation for labor activity and access to recreational facilities in a manner that leads to the fullest possible involvement of the child in social life and the achievement of personal development, including the cultural and spiritual development of the child.
4. States Parties shall promote, in a spirit of international cooperation, the exchange of relevant information in the field of preventive health care and the medical, psychological and functional treatment of disabled children, including the dissemination of information on methods of rehabilitation, educational and vocational training, and access to this information in order to enable the participating States to improve their capabilities and knowledge and expand their experience in this field. In this regard, particular attention should be paid to the needs of developing countries.
Article 24.
1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to enjoy the best possible health care services and the means of treating illness and restoring health. States Parties shall endeavor to ensure that no child is deprived of their right to access such health-care services.
2. States Parties shall seek the full realization of this right and, in particular, shall take the necessary measures to:
(a) Reducing infant and child mortality rates;
b) ensuring that the necessary medical care and protecting the health of all children, with priority given to the development of primary health care;
(c) Combating disease and malnutrition, including through primary health care, through, inter alia, the use of readily available technology and the provision of adequate nutritious food and clean drinking water, taking into account the dangers and risks of environmental pollution;
(d) Providing mothers with adequate prenatal and postnatal health care services;
(e) Ensuring awareness of all sectors of society, in particular parents and children, about the health and nutrition of children, the benefits of breastfeeding, hygiene, sanitation of the child's environment and prevention of accidents, as well as their access to education and their support in using such knowledge;
(f) Development of preventive health care and family planning education and services.
3. States Parties shall take all effective and necessary measures to abolish traditional practices that adversely affect the health of children.
4. The participating States undertake to promote and develop international cooperation with a view to gradually achieving the full realization of the right recognized in this article. In this regard, particular attention should be paid to the needs of developing countries.
Article 25.
States Parties recognize the right of a child placed in care, protection or physical or mental treatment by the competent authorities to have a periodic review of the treatment provided to the child and all other conditions associated with such care of the child.
Article 26
1. States Parties recognize the right of every child to enjoy the benefits of social security, including social insurance, and take the necessary measures to achieve the full realization of this right, in accordance with their national legislation.
2. These benefits are provided as needed, taking into account the available resources and capabilities of the child and those responsible for maintaining the child, as well as any considerations related to the receipt of benefits by or on behalf of the child.
Article 27.
1. The participating States recognize the right of every child to a standard of living necessary for the physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development child.
2. The parent (s) or other persons raising the child have the primary responsibility for ensuring, within their abilities and financial capabilities, the living conditions necessary for the child's development.
3. States Parties shall, in accordance with national circumstances and within their capabilities, take the necessary measures to assist parents and other persons raising children in the exercise of this right and, if necessary, provide material assistance and support programs, especially with regard to the provision of food, clothing and housing.
4. States Parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure that the maintenance of the child is restored by parents or other persons with financial responsibility for the child, both within the State Party and from abroad. In particular, where the person financially responsible for the child and the child live in different states, the participating States shall facilitate the adherence to or the conclusion of such agreements, as well as the achievement of other relevant arrangements.
Article 28.
1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to education and, with a view to progressively achieving the realization of this right on the basis of equal opportunities, they, in particular:
(a) Introduce free and compulsory primary education;
(b) Encourage the development of various forms of secondary education, both general and vocational, ensure its accessibility for all children and take such necessary measures as the introduction of free education and the provision of financial assistance, if necessary;
c) ensure accessibility higher education for all on the basis of the abilities of each with all the necessary means;
(d) Ensure that education and training information and materials are accessible to all children;
(e) Take measures to promote regular school attendance and reduce the number of pupils dropping out of school.
2. States Parties shall take all necessary measures to ensure that school discipline is maintained in a manner that reflects respect human dignity child and in accordance with this Convention.
3. The participating States shall encourage and promote international cooperation on matters related to education, in particular with a view to helping to eradicate ignorance and illiteracy throughout the world and to facilitate access to scientific and technological knowledge and modern methods learning. In this regard, particular attention should be paid to the needs of developing countries.
Article 29.
1. The participating States agree that the education of the child should aim at:
a) the development of the personality, talents and mental and physical abilities of the child to their fullest extent;
(b) fostering respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as for the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations;
c) fostering respect for the child's parents, his cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of the country in which the child lives, the country of his origin and for civilizations other than his own;
(d) Preparing the child for a conscious life in a free society in the spirit of understanding, peace, tolerance, equality of men and women and friendship among all peoples, ethnic, national and religious groups, as well as indigenous people;
e) fostering respect for the environment.
2. No part of this article or article 28 shall be interpreted as restricting the freedom of individuals and bodies to establish and run educational institutions, provided that the principles set out in paragraph 1 of this article are consistently observed and the requirement that education given in such educational institutions, met the minimum standards that can be set by the state.
Article 30.
In States where there are ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities or indigenous people, a child belonging to such minorities or indigenous people may not be denied the right to enjoy their culture, profess their religion and practice with other members of their group. her rituals, and also use her native language.
Article 31.
1. States Parties recognize the child's right to rest and leisure, the right to participate in games and recreational activities appropriate to his or her age and to participate freely in cultural life and art.
2. States Parties respect and promote the right of the child to participate fully in cultural and artistic life and shall promote the provision of appropriate and equal opportunities for cultural and artistic activities, leisure and recreation.
Article 32.
1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from any work that may endanger his health or hinder his education, or harm his health and physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development. ...
2. States Parties shall take legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to ensure the implementation of this article. To this end, guided by the relevant provisions of others international instruments, the participating States, in particular:
a) establish a minimum age or minimum ages for admission to employment;
b) define necessary requirements the length of the working day and working conditions;
(c) Provide appropriate penalties or other sanctions to ensure the effective implementation of this article.
Article 33.
States Parties shall take all necessary measures, including legislative, administrative, social and educational measures, in order to protect children from the illicit use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as defined in the relevant international treaties, and to prevent children from being used in the illicit manufacture and sale of such substances.
Article 34.
States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. To this end, participating States shall, in particular, take at the national, bilateral and multilateral levels all necessary measures to prevent:
a) inducement or coercion of a child into any illegal sexual activity;
(b) exploitation of children in prostitution or other illegal sexual practices;
c) exploitation of children in pornography and pornographic materials.
Article 35.
States Parties shall take all necessary measures at the national, bilateral and multilateral levels to prevent the abduction of children, the sale of children or their smuggling for any purpose and in any form.
Article 36
States Parties shall protect the child from all other forms of exploitation detrimental to any aspect of the child's well-being.
Article 37.
The participating States shall ensure that:
(a) No child has been subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. No the death penalty nor is life imprisonment without the possibility of release imposed for crimes committed by persons under the age of 18;
(b) No child has been deprived of their liberty in an unlawful or arbitrary manner. Arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be carried out in accordance with the law and shall be used only as a last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time possible;
(c) Every child deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humane treatment and respect for the inherent dignity of their person, taking into account the needs of those of their age. In particular, every child deprived of their liberty should be separated from adults, unless it is believed that it should not be in the best interests of the child, and have the right to maintain contact with their family through correspondence and visits, except in special circumstances;
(d) Every child deprived of his liberty has the right to prompt access to legal and other appropriate assistance, as well as the right to challenge the lawfulness of his deprivation of liberty before a court or other competent, independent and impartial body and the right to have them decide without delay in any such procedural action.
Article 38.
1. States Parties undertake to respect and ensure compliance with the rules of international humanitarian law applicable to them in the event of armed conflict and of relevance to children.
2. States Parties shall take all possible measures to ensure that persons under the age of 15 do not take a direct part in hostilities.
3. The participating States shall refrain from recruiting any person under the age of 15 to serve in their armed forces. When recruiting from among those who have reached the age of 15 but who have not yet reached the age of 18, participating States tend to give preference to older persons.
4. In accordance with its obligations under international humanitarian law related to the protection of civilians during armed conflicts, States Parties undertake to take all feasible measures to ensure the protection and care of children affected by armed conflict.
Art 39
States Parties shall take all necessary measures to facilitate the physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of any form of neglect, exploitation or abuse, torture or any other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, punishment or armed conflict. Such recovery and reintegration must take place in an environment that ensures the health, self-respect and dignity of the child.
Article 40.
1. States Parties recognize the right of every child deemed to have violated criminal law, is accused or found guilty of violating it, to treatment that fosters the child's sense of dignity and worth, enhances respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others, and that takes into account the child's age and the desirability of facilitating his reintegration and fulfillment of a useful role in society.
2. To this end, and taking into account the relevant provisions of international instruments, participating States shall, in particular, ensure that:
(a) No child was considered to have violated the criminal law, was not charged or found guilty of violating it because of an act or omission that was not prohibited by national or international law at the time it was committed;
(b) Every child who is considered to have violated or is accused of violating criminal law has at least the following guarantees:
i) the presumption of innocence until proven guilty in accordance with the law;
ii) promptly and directly informing him of the charges against him and, if necessary, through his parents or legal guardians, and receiving legal and other necessary assistance in preparing and exercising his defense;
(iii) the prompt decision on the matter under consideration by a competent, independent and impartial body, or judicial authority at a fair hearing in accordance with the law in the presence of a lawyer or other appropriate person, and unless this is considered contrary to the best interests of the child, in particular by taking into account the child's age or the situation of his parents or legal guardians;
iv) freedom from coercion to give testimony or an admission of guilt; examining the testimony of witnesses for the prosecution, either independently or with the help of others, and ensuring the equal participation of witnesses for the defense and examining their testimony;
v) if the child is considered to have violated the criminal law, reconsideration a superior competent, independent and impartial body or judicial authority in accordance with the law of the relevant decision and any measures taken in this regard;
vi) free assistance of an interpreter if the child does not understand or speak the language used;
vii) full respect for his privacy at all stages of the proceedings.
3. States Parties shall endeavor to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, bodies and institutions of direct relevance to children who are deemed to have violated criminal law, are accused or found guilty of violating it, and in particular:
(a) Establishing a minimum age below which children are considered incapable of breaking criminal law;
b) if necessary and desirable, taking measures to treat such children without using judicial trial subject to full respect for human rights and legal guarantees.
4. A variety of interventions such as care, custody and supervision, counseling, probation, parenting, education and training programs and other forms of care that replace institutional care are needed to ensure that the child is treated in a manner that is would be consistent with his welfare, as well as his position and the nature of the crime.
Article 41.
Nothing in this Convention affects any provision that is more conducive to the fulfillment of the rights of the child and may contain:
a) in the law of the state party; or
b) in the norms international law applicable to this state.
Part II
Article 42.
States Parties undertake to make the principles and provisions of the Convention widely known to both adults and children through appropriate and effective means.
Section 43
1. In order to review the progress made by States Parties in fulfilling the obligations assumed under this Convention, a Committee on the Rights of the Child is established, which shall carry out the functions provided below.
2. The Committee shall be composed of ten experts of high moral character and recognized competence in the field covered by this Convention. Members of the Committee are elected by States parties from among their nationals and serve in their personal capacity, with attention being paid to equitable geographical distribution as well as major legal systems.
3. The members of the Committee shall be elected by secret ballot from among the listed individuals nominated by the States parties. Each participating State may nominate one person from among its nationals.
4. The initial elections to the Committee shall be held no later than six months after the date of entry into force of this Convention, and thereafter once every two years. At least four months before each election day, the Secretary-General of the United Nations will write to participating States inviting them to submit their candidatures within two months. The Secretary-General then compiles, in alphabetical order, a list of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties that have nominated these persons, and submits this list to the States Parties to this Convention.
5. Elections shall be held at meetings of the States Parties convened by the Secretary-General at United Nations Headquarters. At these meetings, at which two-thirds of the States Parties constitute a quorum, the candidates elected to the Committee shall be those who have received the largest number of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of the States Parties present and voting.
6. The members of the Committee are elected for a four-year term. They have the right to be re-elected if they are re-nominated. The term of office of the five members, elected in the first election, expires at the end of the biennium; immediately after the first election, the names of these five members shall be drawn by lot by the President of the meeting.
7. In the event of the death or retirement of a member of the Committee, or if he or she for some other reason is no longer able to serve as a member of the Committee, the State party that nominated that member of the Committee shall appoint another expert from among its nationals for remaining time subject to approval by the Committee.
8. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure.
9. The Committee elects its officials for two years.
10. Sessions of the Committee shall normally be held at United Nations Headquarters or at any other suitable location designated by the Committee. The committee usually meets annually. The length of the session of the Committee shall be determined and, if necessary, revised at a meeting of the States Parties to this Convention, subject to the approval of the General Assembly.
11. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary personnel and facilities for the effective exercise of its functions by the Committee in accordance with this Convention.
12. The members of the Committee established by this Convention shall receive remuneration, approved by the General Assembly, from funds of the United Nations in the manner and under the conditions established by the General Assembly.
Article 44.
1. States Parties undertake to report to the Committee, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, on the measures they have taken to uphold the rights recognized in the Convention and on the progress made in the realization of those rights:
a) within two years after the entry into force of the Convention for the State Party concerned;
b) thereafter every five years.
2. The reports submitted pursuant to this article shall indicate the factors and difficulties, if any, affecting the degree of fulfillment of the obligations under this Convention. The reports also contain sufficient information to enable the Committee to fully understand the operation of the Convention in a given country.
3. A State party that has submitted a comprehensive initial report to the Committee need not repeat the background information previously provided in subsequent reports submitted pursuant to paragraph 1 (b) of this article.
4. The Committee may request additional information from States Parties regarding the implementation of this Convention.
5. Reports on the activities of the Committee are submitted every two years to the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Council.
6. States Parties shall ensure that their reports are widely publicized in their own countries.
Article 45.
With a view to promoting the effective implementation of the Convention and to encourage international cooperation in the field covered by this Convention:
(a) The specialized agencies, the United Nations Children's Fund and other United Nations bodies may be represented when considering the implementation of such provisions of this Convention that fall within their mandate. The Committee may invite the specialized agencies, the United Nations Children's Fund and other competent authorities, as it deems appropriate, to provide expert advice on the implementation of the Convention in areas falling within their respective mandates. The Committee may invite the specialized agencies, the United Nations Children's Fund and other United Nations bodies to submit reports on the implementation of the Convention in areas falling within their purview;
(b) The Committee shall transmit, as it deems appropriate, to the specialized agencies, the United Nations Children's Fund and other competent authorities any reports of States parties requesting or indicating a need for technical advice or assistance, as well as comments and the Committee's proposals, if any, regarding such requests or instructions;
(d) The Committee may make proposals and recommendations of a general nature based on information received in accordance with articles 44 and 45 of this Convention. Such proposals and recommendations of a general nature shall be forwarded to any interested State Party and reported to the General Assembly along with the comments of the States Parties, if any.
Part III
Article 46
This Convention is open for signature by all states.
Article 47.
This Convention is subject to ratification. Instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Article 48.
This Convention is open for accession to it by any state. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Article 49.
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.
2. For each State that ratifies or accedes to this Convention after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, this Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession by that State.
Article 50.
1. Any State Party may propose an amendment and submit it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary General shall then transmit the proposed amendment to the States Parties with a request to indicate whether they favor a conference of States Parties to consider and vote on these proposals. If, within four months from the date of such communication, at least one third of the States Parties favor such a conference, the Secretary-General shall convene that conference under the auspices of the United Nations. Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at this conference shall be submitted to the General Assembly for approval.
2. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article shall enter into force upon approval by the General Assembly of the United Nations and acceptance by a two-thirds majority of the States Parties.
3. When an amendment enters into force, it becomes binding on those States parties that have accepted it, and for other States parties remain mandatory provisions of this Convention and any prior amendments which they have adopted.
Article 51
1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall receive and circulate to all States the text of reservations made by States at the time of ratification or accession.
2. A reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of this Convention is not permitted.
3. Reservations may be withdrawn at any time by appropriate notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who then communicates this to all States. Such notification shall take effect on the date on which it is received by the Secretary General.
Art 52
Any State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Denunciation takes effect one year after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.
Article 53
The Secretary General of the United Nations is designated as the depositary of this Convention.
Art 54
The original of this Convention, the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts of which are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.
The convention was approved by the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989. Signed on behalf of the USSR on January 26, 1990, ratified by the USSR Supreme Soviet on June 13, 1990 (Resolution of the USSR Supreme Soviet of June 13, 1990 N 1559-1).
The ratification document was signed by the President of the USSR on July 10, 1990, deposited with the UN Secretary General on August 16, 1990.
SUPREME COUNCIL OF THE USSR
RESOLUTION
№1559-1 |
On the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
The Supreme Soviet of the USSR decides:
The Convention on the Rights of the Child, submitted by the Council of Ministers of the USSR for ratification, adopted by the 44th session of the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989 and signed on behalf of the USSR on January 26, 1990, shall be ratified.