The State Fireman Supervision of the EMERCOM of Russia is a powerful and effective system of preventing and preventing fires in Russia, which implements effective measures to protect the population and material values \u200b\u200bfrom fire. This year the service turns 91. OND for city oh. Krasnogorsk Und and PR GMS of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the Moscow region Informs about the history of the creation and development of service in our country and about its work in our municipality .
Fires at all times were one of the worst disasters. In the 11th century, the first fireproof rules appeared, and legislative level It was determined responsibility for arson and non-compliance with security measures when using fire. One of the events that became fundamental in the formation of the GPN was the decree "On the organization of state measures of fire fighting" dated April 17, 1918, in which there was a need for a systematic conduct of fire fighting events.
On July 18, 1927, the decree of the WTCIK (SNK RSFRS) was published on the establishment of a state fire supervision designed to monitor the state of fire safety in all utility, departmental and public organizations. In 1966, all fire divisions were subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior. And after 11 years, in 1977, the decision of the Council of Ministers approved the "Regulations on the State Fire Supervision in the USSR". In 1979, the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was introduced "instruction on organizing the work of the state fire supervision authorities." Both documents have determined the provision fire protection Cities and others settlements, as well as objects of the national economy of the most important state challenge.
A number of innovations GPN survived in the 90s of the last century. In 1993, for the first time in its history, fire supervision was defined as special view State oversight activity. State fire Department became independent structural unit Ministry of Internal Affairs, and her leader is the main state inspector Russian Federation By fire supervision.
The new reform of the GPN survived at the beginning of the XXI century. In 2001, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the State Fire Service was translated into the EMERCOM of Russia.
Currently, in the implementation of state fire supervision, work is consistently carried out to improve the implementation of this function. The main purpose of the reform is the creation of effective mechanisms state regulation Fire safety, including a system of organizational, regulatory and economic measures, adequate threats to the emergence of fires and protecting the vital interests of the individual, society and the state.
Today, 8 inspectors are operating on the territory of the urban district of Krasnogorsk, whose main task is to conduct inspections by organizations and citizens of fire safety requirements and the adoption of measures on the results of these inspections in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Daily, the inspection formulation of the GPN is a set of measures for control and supervision. Especially close attention is paid to objects with a mass stay of people, health and education facilities. Prevention of fires and propaganda in the field of fire safety is another of the most important areas of GPN. Inspectors work in schools, talking to children, conduct thematic competitions of children's creativity, meet with the population. Before the afraid of the fire, the settlements are conducted in close proximity to the forestry arrays. In the summer in the zone of special attention - wellness camps.
We can say that the work of the inspector is round-the-clock. Departure on the alarm on fires - another integral part of the work of the GPN inspector. Pour eyewitnesses, prepare documents, inspection of the place of fire. The investigators of the events preceding the fire are restored along the grains. And in order to establish its cause, sometimes, in the literal sense of the word, you have to rake ash. It is not just necessary to establish a fire culprit, but also to prove his guilt.
The results of preventive work are usually not visible at first glance, but its entire importance and need is reflected in the first word of the Devisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia: "Warning, salvation, help." Prevented Bed - it means someone's property, health or life has already saved. And this difficult task is completely on the shoulders of state fire supervision.
Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs
Civil defense, emergency situations and
Elimination of the effects of natural disasters
Federal state Institution
"All-Russian Order" Hall Sign "
Research Institute
Fire defense "
(FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
(to help the inspector of the GPN)
Moscow 2009.
Preface
The information has been prepared to help Mrselfzhda staff for obtaining fire resistance data, fire danger and ability to spread the fire of various types building structures, fire hazard of finishing and facing materials, as well as fire resistance engineering equipment Buildings and structures. Information includes test results, pro conducted in FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia in 2008, and continues a series of referencematerials published by VNIIPO in 1982-2008. The scope in the construction of various types of structures given in this edition is determined by the relevant regulatory documents.
Indicators obtained as a result of tests and submitted in technical information was determined in accordance with the requirements of the following holesmatual documents:
GOST 30247.0-94 . Construction construction. Fire test test methods. General requirements;
GOST 30247.1-94 . Construction construction. Fire test test methods. Bearing and enclosing structures;
GOST 12.1.044-89 . Firelessness of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their definition;
GOST 30244-94 . Construction materials. Furnishing Test Methods
GOST 30402-96 . Construction materials. Method of inflammability tests;
GOST 30444-97 . Construction materials. Flame proliferation test method;
GOST 30403-96 . Construction construction. Method for determining fire hazard;
SNIP 21-01-97 *. Fire safety buildings and structures;
Snip 41-01-2003 . Heating, ventilation and air conditioning;
NPB 231-96 . Suspended ceilings. Fire resistance test method;
NPB 236-97 . Fire retardant compositions for steel structures. General requirements. Method of determining flame retardant efficiency;
NPB 239-97 . Air ducts. Fire resistance test method;
NPB 241-97 . Valves Fire-prevention ventilation systems. IS.forging for fire resistance;
NPB 253-98 . Equipment for the protection of buildings and structures. Fans. Fire test method.
Diggers in separate columns indicators mean that tests for determining the corresponding indicator for the design or matter under considerationla was not held. The limit of the spread of fire by structures made completely from non-combustible materials was taken equal to zero without testing.
Information provides data on the limits of fire resistance and the extension of the spread of various types of building structures, indicators. fire hazard of finishing and facing materials, as well asfire resistance of engineering equipment for the protection of buildings and structures, obtained during tests in the FSU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia in 2008
Understanding that no one will pay for me for work - I will not work and will not adapt the text below for the activities of the GPN inspector. However, itself below the presented text is worthy of attention and close performance:Ten conflict care techniques
Once, several million years ago, in student years, I led the psychological circle for schoolchildren. We were going to the basement of the five-story house - as I remember, with the personal permission of the secretary of the Komsomol City Mountain, and they were engaged in experiments on the people of a completely anti-imaginal sense. Themes "Education of Parents" and "Interaction with Gopota" caused special interest. And also brought real benefits.
For example, in the midst of the discussion of the next book by Vladimir Levy, the three booster chela with the coupling "Airborne" and begin a loud conversation in the format "And what are you here?". Irka, a little brunette-nine-grader, who was that evening "on duty by guests", displeased with his nose, and expressing "Easy, you are interested in business, and how to duty - so I" says Chells: "Okay, cho got up, Let's talk, let's talk "and leads them to the distant corner on the conversation. It doesn't matter what a conversation was about, but as a result, the guys with a heat offered themselves as instructors on parachute sports and generally asked for us to live a lot.
Already then it became clear to us that the therapeutic sermons of the type "can always find a solution that suits everyone" - a complete shift and populism. Because constructive solution Problems implies the presence of constructive goals and the readiness of these sides to act constructively. And this, gently say, not a trend. So much more often you have the subject charged by the negative, which this negative has sleigh for a long time, has fallen and waited for anyone to spend.
And here - opa! - So you.
And he does not have any constructive goal, except to merge all the accumulated and poorly digested, and then go happy. And it doesn't matter, under what mask there is a drainage: fair parents, or street rudeness, or officials of the valuaging, or tired-chronic marriage disassembly. It is important that there are moments when the task is maximum - block and dispel the negative energy of the partner.
What is in this case to do? As always, it's easier to start with what is not necessary. No need to do anything that activates in the terminator, standing in front of you, the instinct of a fighter or a pursuer. That is, it is not necessary:
Ignore the aggressor (it turns on the dominant "he considers me an empty place").
Justify (the excitement is included "to break through defense").
Prove that he is not right (you put it in a competitive position with a loss of a person in case of loss).
But the "hot dozen" techniques of work with the negative energy of a partner (most of the names remained from those basements).
1. Abduction of the bride. Disable from the source
Grocery store of old format, with a welcome. A couple of dozens of buyers are interpreted in the hall. Suddenly, a woman waving a bottle with milk with a bottle with milk and utter speech on the theme "sold sour" is attentive attention. Saleswomen in confusion, attempts to calm the daughter of Nemesis and somehow resolve the situation (returning money, replace the product) do not have success. The scandal is growing up, other fighters for justice against acid milk are joined to the side of the prosecution.
What's happening? It is quite obvious that the question is not in milk, the girl just collects the energy of the hall, and it is in a buzz. Take under the elbow, bring to the corridor under the oath "Everything is right now everything is solved" - and the storm subsides. The cord will be pulled out of the outlet. Anyone, by the nature of the activity, working with groups of people must remember once and forever - no disassembly in public. Load, cut off, cut off the conflict side from the power source.
One of my good acquaintances, as soon as he and his wife, the "conversation souls," hesitates, immediately takes her hand and takes it to the street: "Let's go, let's go, we'll talk." Because the apartment in which he lived for a long time charged by the emotions of the past is the same exact source. Go to the park! Pull the cord from the outlet!
2. Loving dad. Sorry aggressor
My friend has a daughter of eleven years old. Honestly, not a sample of distinguished, Komsomol and athletes. In short, my mother almost always has something to present. "There is, that is, but how to eat it?" Clean your daughter's brains mom fails almost never. Watched dialogue:
- Damn, Olga, two two twins! You promised !!
- Oh, moms, what are you so worried? You can not, you have pressure ...
- I'm not worried, you should worry about your studies! ..
- Well, you say that you do not worry, and I see you worry, but you can not really ... well, do not worry so, well, the dius daughter, what can you do ...
In the "Loving Dad" technique, the main thing is the total sincerity of sympathy. The girl professionally leaves the line of fire, becoming next to the shooter and the whole soul manifests care and understanding - just does not stroke on the head. "I'm here, I am my own bourgeois, and there is some other fool-daughter under the fire, as I sympathize with you, mom ..." At the moment when the fire is transferred to it, it is easily and gracefully doing the dance pas and remains next to the shooter - And again outside the zone of the defeat.
3. Good investigator. Interrogation with understanding
Another familiar family. Husband is a terrible bore. Whatever the wife does - everything is wrong. Everything is bad, everyone is dissatisfied.
Was.
Recently behaves quite wow. I ask "the second half" - what happened, did not get sick? No, says I just changed tactics. Previously, I tried his claims not to notice, I was attached for a long time - I don't have a ribbon yet. It did not help, it was only worse. And now I have one reaction for all his present: long asked what it means. What? But as? What for? Do I realized that you wanted to say that? .. And if I always do that, will you arrange? And if not? And why?
And what, it is not angry, I ask? And why it should be angry it, she was sincerely surprised. I want to understand him, so that then do it better! Well, I'm not guilty that while I ask questions, the initiative on my side?
Saying this, she smiled smiled.
4. Exchange mind. Voicing out other people's thoughts
One of the toughest and effective techniques. Including "Exchange Minds", you simply voiced for the interlocutor of his claim to you, I sincerely join them. There are versions of technology:
a) mirror. Thoughts are repeated for the interlocutor. "You never remove with them! - Mom, you're absolutely right! I never cleaned myself, I'm sorry! "
b) preventive. Thoughts voiced before complaints. "Mom, I understand that you will say now. And you are completely right. I really extremely rarely remove. And it is completely unacceptable! "
c) Epistolar. "Mom, if you read this letter, then I already realized that I went to the club without removing my room. This is completely unacceptable, and although I just did not have time, it does not excuse me at all ... "
c) sharp. "Yes, moms, you're absolutely right!" After it turns on the technique of "Robot" (see further).
5. Working meeting. Give the word "adult"
The inner adult is our suburb, which is focused on achieving the goal and a cold calculation. Unlike the inner parent and child, the adult does not consider it appropriate to manifest emotions in conflict, but operates results, resources, algorithms.
- So, you again came home after ten! How many times we talked about it! How many times have you promised! And your studies? You rolled on the top three! And your friends? The same shame and shame !!
- So, dad ... I understand, you offer us to talk. But let's not do it on the threshold, went to the hall, sit down, let's talk. Here ... Now come on. Only not in bulk. What do you want to discuss? What time is it now? My study? Or my friends? Let's choose one topic and discuss? But so to come to some result, which will arrange us both ...
6. Scales of justice. Compare alternatives
Equipment is simple. Instead of war, the barricades and defend their rightness you take your own point of view, the point of view of the partner and with demonstrative objectivity compare their pros and cons.
The question is not to find the best solution. The chip is that by doing so, you turn from the opponent into an expert. Another way elegant movement get out of the fire line. In experts do not shoot.
Usually.
7. Susanin. Move in history
- How could you do this? !!
- Indeed, it's not good. So I remember one similar case, everything ended even worse. Comes somehow checking us ...
- I ask not about the case, but about you personally !!
- So I'm saying, everything could very badly end. One of my client told that ...
Do not stop, just do not stop!
8. Gap. Break the script
The child flies - he has not bought a toy. Gorky tears and sounds accelerating on the rise of Kamaz. The beliefs, promises and threat of spanking do not work. There is only one thing: "Voi Pussy ran !!! AAAA, what kiskie! "
Any your opponent has a clear set of scripts - what you can do, and what he answers it. But if you do a fundamentally not this - it is lost, because under "not this" has no continuation. I will not spread, for better Bendler and Greenman about the layer of the template will not tell anyway.
9. Grandpa Freud. Give interpretation
The technique is a tough option for receiving a "loving dad". You do not just sympathize with the aggressor, but also try to understand the reasons for his aggressive mood. Maybe he sugared with his wife? Or does he have problems at work? Or is he from childhood such a gloomy? Maybe early problems with mom?
Get as a result of in the face or not much depends on the sincerity of your sympathy and interest.
10. Robot. I know only these words
- And what, there is some kind of marriage?
- Not. I would like to change this jumper bought from you yesterday. By law, I have on this right within two weeks.
- Yes, but we can only do it on Friday, when the director will be here ...
- I would like to change this jumper bought from you yesterday. By law, I have on this right within two weeks.
- So, do not interfere with working !! See, other buyers cannot approach the checkout ...
- I don't think these are my problems. I would like to change this jumper bought from you yesterday. By law, I have on this right within two weeks.
If you repeat the same thing, slightly changing the text with introductory phrases, it is impossible to bring you to the conflict.
The conflict is a creative thing, and you are a robot. And robots usually achieve their own.
Sooner or later.
... The same millions of years ago, the instructor somehow explained to us, Yasthot:
- a huge stone rolls from the mountain. What will you do, depends on what kind of style is native. If you are Master Taekwondo, you break the stone into a small rubble to the blow of the leg, if the Woshu Wash is to take it with a cunning block. And if the Master Aikido - make a step to the side and miss the stone by myself ...