Together with the benefits created by the benefits, progress brought our planet violations of biological balance, which caused a decrease in the quality of the habitat for all living things. An unfavorable ecological situation negatively affects the health of the person himself. Indeed, according to experts, pollution of the environment on the strength of their negative impact is in second place after the lifestyle of people.
Signs of unfavorable ecology
Pollution includes penetration of new chemical, physical, biological agents. The emergence of an unfavorable environmental situation occurs, as a rule, as a result of that economic activitywhich human society leads. There are such signs about the occurrence of this problem:
- sharp change in climatic conditions;
- destruction of the ozone layer of the planet, etc.
Air pollution
Our health depends largely on what air we breathe. The state of this natural resource affects the vital activity of the animal and plant world. Unfortunately, the active economic activity of a person led to the fact that the atmosphere of our planet is contaminated with such harmful gases as sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and a pair of hydrocarbons, as well as metal acids and various organic and inorganic dust.
Cities with unfavorable ecological situation suffer from smog-standing over industrial zones. In his cloud is a large content of pollutants. A special danger for citizens is a sulfur gas. Finding into the human body, it causes various pathologies of respiratory organs, reducing their resistance to other harmful impurities (asbestos, asphalt, dirty dust, etc.).
Negative influence on our health can also have home air. And this confirm the data scientific research. Specialists in the laboratory conditions were made comparing air of urban streets and residential premises. The result was unexpected. It turns out that the air in our rooms is dirtier outdoor 4-6 times and toxic than it is 8-10 times. All this is caused by the impact of linoleum, lead leaks, washing powders, varnish, paints, various polymers, furniture, made using synthetic adhesives, etc.
Reducing the negative effect of polluted air
rules safe behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation that established in our settlementsToday it is recommended, first of all, breathe a nose. The fact is that the mucous membrane of this respiratory body is covered with a large number of cilia, which, like a brush, absorb most of the harmful dust, not putting it into the lungs. In addition, in everyday life you need to avoid those places where the air is particularly polluted. So, you should not be engaged in the wellness run on urban streets and walking near car highways, which are distinguished by the intensive movement of vehicles. This is especially true in cases where the wind blows from the side. What should be safe behavior with an unfavorable environmental setting, if the route is simply impossible? In this case, surface and shallow breaths should be made.
The rules of safe behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation in conditions of polluted air should be known not only to residents of cities. They need and rural population. In the days when the agrochemical treatment of fields is carried out, they do not need to go out once again. Doors and windows of houses in such a period must be necessarily closed.
Safety with unfavorable environmental setting should be observed in everyday life. So, it is best to buy paint to repair, which contains no lead. And as a cleaning agent, it is advisable to apply a calcined soda, a boor or traditional economic soap.
It is also worth avoining the purchase of furniture if it is made of pressed plates (chipboard). After all, in this material there are harmful to health formaldehyde. What are the safety rules with an unfavorable environmental setting, if such plates are already mounted as wall panels, flooring flooring, etc.? Such surfaces should be covered with a sealant (natural seal). This will significantly reduce harmful effects formaldehyde.
What other security measures will be used? With an unfavorable ecological situation in the room it should be more important. Just keep in mind that if there is an industrial zone near your home, then opening the window, the direction of the revenue wind should be taken into account. If the air flows go from the territories of the facilities polluting the atmosphere, then it is better to refrain from ventilation. It is also recommended to have a large number of indoor plants in the house.
Water pollution
Human health depends not only on the purity of atmospheric air. The quality of the water used by them affects it. According to statistics, its pollution causes 80% of pathologies associated with a bad environment.
Why did this problem arise? The fact is that today a large amount of waste of industrial and household enterprises is reset in the reservoirs, as well as the agro-industrial complex. It is this field of human activity to a large extent poisoning the rivers, the sea and oceans. In them, waste containing alkalis and petroleum products, acids and ammonia, metals and phenols salts, synthetic resins, sulfur compounds, etc.
The chemical composition of water carries a serious danger to our health. Under conditions of technogenic pollution in the river and lake, a large amount of impurities unlocked for the natural fluid, causing a different pathology in humans. Diseases arise in connection with the presence of nitrates in water. These substances provoke the formation of mophemoglobin in the blood, which prevents the flow of a normal oxidative process in the body. The chest children are especially affected, which are preparing milk mixtures on water with an increased concentration of nitrates.
Reducing the negative effect of polluted water
What are the rules of safe behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation when the liquid is so contaminated for our organism? In this case, experts are recommended to use boiled water. Then the body will be protected from pathogenic microbes that cause dysentery, cholera, etc., as well as from excess calcium salts. It should be borne in mind that water entering our house from the plumbing system is primarily chloride. Sometimes the disinfection takes the hypers of this disinfection. As a result of the chlorination of water in it, hazardous poisons appear - dioxins, which can also harm our health. What should be the security of the unfavorable environmental setting in this case?
To eliminate the negative effect, water from under the tap should be pouring into glass dishes and to withstand in it for three hours. Only after that cooking or tea will become safe, because most of the chlorine will come out of the liquid in the form of a gas.
Another way to remove dioxins and other harmful substances is the use of the filter. In this device, water passes through activated carbon and is completely cleaned.
Product quality
Huge influence on human health also has his food. In the prevailing B. modern world Conditions when water and atmospheric air are contaminated with harmful substances, and the quality of the products we use is reduced.
Thus, huge doses of pesticides and mineral fertilizers spread into fields to combat pathogens and weeds lead to elevated content of nitrates in vegetables and fruits. Finding into the body, these harmful substances react with hemoglobin. As a result of such a compound, megahemoglobin is formed. Natural hemoglobin loses its qualities and loses the ability to transfer oxygen in the body. All this negatively acts on a person. He has oxygen starvation, accompanied by skin-minded, increasing the spleen and liver, as well as Anuria. In the most heavy cases Even fatal outcome is possible.
Reducing the negative impact of contaminated products
What are the rules of safe behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation when our food can be a source of disease? First of all, they consist in a thorough washing of vegetables and fruits before their use. This measure is simple, but quite effective. After all, most of the pesticides accumulate precisely on the surface of these gifts of nature.
Measures under which it becomes possible to ensure security with an unfavorable environmental situation include and removal from vegetables and fruits of peel. This is especially important if you are unknown, in what conditions these fruits were grown. It is also not recommended to eat potatoes baked in the peel. In this case, a large number of nitrates will be gathered under it. For cooking vegetables, it is best to use cooking. At the same time, the concentration of nitrates will decrease:
- in potatoes - by 80%;
- in cabbage and carrots - by 70%;
- in beets - by 50%.
If you strive to carry out the rules of behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation and wish to get rid of vegetables and fruits from nitrates and fruits, then it is best to cut into them with small pieces. This will allow harmful substances to dissolve in water faster. Also rootproof, it is advisable to soak. For this, they are two or three times poured with warm water and withstand in it from 5 to 10 minutes.
Impact of noise
Austrian experts were established that the population of small cities, distinguished by their silence, lives for 10-12 years longer than people in the metropolis. This affects the absence of such a negative factor as noise. Its indicator has a limit value established by the enshrined legislation by sanitary standards. So, during the day in the residential zone, noise should not exceed 60 dB. At night, this indicator is reduced to 40 dB. The highest noise value that cannot cause negative consequences For a person, - 100 dB. But on the busy urban streets, this figure is much more. It often reaches 120-125 dB values. Moreover, this problem is also concerned with environmentalists. After all, the noise level in large Russian cities only over the past ten years has grown almost fifteen times. It develops from the hum of aircraft and the root of construction equipment, wheel knock on railway etc.
Noise has a negative impact on human health. At the same time, it harms not only hearing, but also increases blood pressure, causes the pathology of the heart and blood vessels, inhibits mental activity, and is also the cause of irritability and premature fatigue.
Reducing the negative effect of noise
What are the rules of behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation, when a person surrounds annoying loud sounds? In production to eliminate noise, special headphones are issued. They absorb the sound and allow you to maintain high productivity of a person over a long period.
What should be behavior with an unfavorable environmental situation in everyday life? If the source of loud sounds is located in the next apartment, the walls and ceiling in their rooms are desirable to separate with any noise absorbing material. It may be the usual foam.
If your home is standing on a busy street, then you should not open the window in the room at the peak hours. Also, it should not be done a lot of time before the TV screen and turn on the entire power of the radio equipment.
In everyday life, air and water pollution, wall toxicity and furniture are observed from paints, noise, uncomfortable temperature, dust, vibration, radiation. In the apartment it is caused by the impact of linoleum, lead whites, synthetic carpets, washing powders, furniture, which contains many polymers, paints, varnish, etc., and on the street - mainly by the ranks created by car exhaust and emissions of industrial enterprises. These adverse environmental factors are generated by illiteracy and mistakes in economic activity, poorly affect the health of people. Signs of unfavorable environmental situation are headache, poisoning, other indisposition when staying in the room and in air
In the apartment to reduce the harmful effects of furniture and household chemicals, you need constant ventilation, humidification and dust cleaning. It is not recommended to use a paint containing lead. As cleaning products (instead of household chemicals), it is advisable to apply traditional funds: soap, boor, drinking and calcined soda. It is advisable to have more plants in the house, for example, small trees in the tub.
On the street should be refrained from physical culture at the tanned territories. Near highways and plants, where the concentration of harmful substances in the air is especially great, try to make shallow and surface breaths, breathe a nose.
Water and food. 80% of all diseases are associated with dirty water and contaminated products. They are largely polluted by the agro-industrial and household waste, among which petroleum products, acids, alkalis, salts of various metals, sulfur compounds, ammonia, phenols, synthetic resins, etc.
Therefore, you need to use boiled, bottled water or passed through activated coal filters. Thus, it is possible to protect the body not only on the effects of pathogenic microbes causing infectious diseases (cholera, dysentery, etc.), but also from excess salts defining its rigidity (calcium and magnesium). With disinfecting water chlorination, dangerous dioxins can be formed. Therefore, before using this water, it needs to be withstanding at least three hours in glass dishes - during this time a significant part of chlorine in the form of gas will be released from the liquid, afterward it can be boiled.
To combat weeds and diseases of vegetables and fruits, mineral fertilizers and pesticides are used, which often lead to the fact that the content of nitrates and pesticides in products exceeds maximum permissible concentrations. Penetrating into the blood, nitrates are connected to hemoglobin, forming methamoglobin, which loses the properties of the oxygen carrier. As a result, the person comes oxygen starvation, accompanied by cyanosis - the luminousness of the skin and mucous membranes, Anuria, an increase in the liver and spleen.
Therefore, all fruits and vegetables before use needed thoroughly, since part of pesticides accumulates on the surface. When it is possible to remove the skin with them, you need to do it. Do not bake potatoes in the peel, since nitrates are collected under it. When cooking potatoes, the concentration of nitrates is reduced by 80%, in carrots and cabbage - by 70%, in beets - by 50%. However, the cooking on a couple changes little concentration of nitrates, and blanching and extinguishing it almost does not change. Nitrates are easily soluble in water, in connection with which, before the use of vegetables, it is advisable to cut them into with small cubes and pour 2-3 times with warm water, withstanding 5-10 minutes.
Noise. It consists of many factors: the work of transport, electrical appliances, construction equipment, TV, etc. Noise makes it difficult to master the material, it becomes the cause of irritability, fatigue, reduction of labor productivity, is able to increase blood pressure. High noise at home prevents the development of sensory motor skills in children during the first two years of life. The constant impact of loud sounds also makes it difficult to develop speech and suppresses research instinct. By sanitary standards No more than 60 dB noise should be noise in the residential area, and at night - no more than 40 dB.
To reduce the noise, the walls and the ceiling can be separated by a noise absorbing material, you should close the windows overlooking the street, and open windows overlooking the courtyard, do not include on the full power of the television and radio equipment, especially in the evening.
Electromagnetic radiation (AM) is created by high-voltage power lines, household and office electronics, power grids of residential and administrative buildings, electric transport transmitting television and radio centers, systems of cellular and satellite communications, radar stations. And if Amy natural sources (space, sun) are constant natural factors, the interaction of a person with an artificial electromagnetic field has become more dangerous due to their artificial origin.
Under the influence of AM, a person's violations of the nervous system (memory, stressful reactions are developed), changes in protein metabolism, blood composition, immunity, etc., pregnant women can develop premature genera, as well as the pathology of newborns.
Radiation. Each living organism on Earth is exposed to ionizing radiation from space, as well as radiation emanating from natural radioactive elements (radionuclides). Radioactive background creates some construction Materials, as well as radioactive gas Radon, which is distinguished from the soil. This gas is responsible for three-quarters of the annual dose of irradiation, obtained by the population from earthly radiation sources. The main part of the dose man gets in a closed unbelievable room. Seeping out of the soil through the foundation and floor or released from the materials used in building structures, Radon accumulates inside the house. You can reduce the effects of radon with good ventilation at home. The amount of radon significantly decreases after sealing the slits in the floors and the walls, when sticking wallpaper.
Under the influence of unfavorable environment in the body, changes in genes (mutages, mutagenesis) can occur, which, as a rule, cause the development of malignant formations, hereditary diseases and congenital deformities. Ionizing (for example, X-ray and ultraviolet rays) and non-ionizing (for example, ultra-high frequency) radiation, various natural and obtained artificially, have a mutagenic effect. chemical compounds. The deterioration of ecology leads to a decrease protective properties The organism and its ability to resist mutagenam.
To protect the body, it is desirable if you can change the area of \u200b\u200bresidence; It is also necessary to increase protective forces by prolonged use of natural and artificial antioxidants, which have the ability to bind free radicals that resultant in the body that destroy the animal cells. These are vitamins A, C, E and sets of natural polyvitamins, found in products.
Environmental pollution increases. Moreover, it is important to reduce their negative impact, bringing appropriate changes to the lifestyle into the culture of environmental safety.
Zelenkina Alena
Mutagens are physical and chemical factors causing hereditary changes - mutations. Supported radicals are active compounds of oxygen, molecules with a free electron, which have an increased ability to interact with other molecules.
Free radicals are very active molecules that have a free space for electrons, and they strive to fill this place, using an electron at other molecules.
Enzymes are substances without which the flow of many processes in the body is impossible. In fact, enzymes take part not only in digestion of food, but also in the work of the central nervous system, in the growth processes of new cells.
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Rules of safe behavior in adverse environmental conditions.
Water pollution:
Soil pollution:
Air pollution:
An unfavorable environmental situation is a polluted environment caused by human activity and negatively affecting his health.
Mutagens are physical and chemical factors causing hereditary changes - mutations. Free radicals are active compounds of oxygen, molecules with a free electron, which have an increased ability to interact with other molecules.
Free radicals are very active molecules that have a free space for electrons, and they strive to fill this place, using an electron at other molecules. Enzymes are substances without which the flow of many processes in the body is impossible. In fact, enzymes take part not only in digestion of food, but also in the work of the central nervous system, in the growth processes of new cells.
The rules of conduct in not very favorable conditions: the first direction - the expansion of the capabilities of your body to withstand various hazardous substances and environmental factors, which can be achieved by increasing various limits in a daily food diet products containing vitamins A, C, E.
The second direction is the desire of each person to make a cash contribution to the preservation of the environment. The third direction is the ability to avoid places in everyday life, where the concentration of harmful substances exceeds the established norms.
If your house is near the territory of industrial facilities, in order to air the room, you need to take into account the direction of the wind. If the wind blows from the industrial zone, the windows are better to keep open. It is not worth walking along the car highways with an intense movement of transport, especially if the wind blows on the part of the motorway. For walking and practicing physical culture, it is better to choose a place in the park. You can only swim in the established places where the water condition is verified and not dangerous to health.
Thanks for attention!
The quality of human life depends on the state of the environment. Clean water, fresh air and fertile soil - all this is necessary for people for a full and healthy existence.
Polluted air may become a source of penetration of harmful substances into the body through respiratory organs. Water may contain pathogenic microorganisms or toxic compounds. Pollution of soil and groundwater reduces the productivity of agricultural land, leads to a decrease in food quality. All this represents a threat to human health.
The term natural environment (nature) most often denote the set of objects and systems of the material world in their natural state that is not a product of human labor activity. Populations of plants and animals live in a medium consisting of non-living components (water, air, soil). The wedding of the earth, the composition, structure and energy of which are determined by the aggregate activities of living organisms, is called the biosphere.
What is the difference between living organisms from the rest of the natural bodies?
The main distinguishing feature of the living matter is a way to use energy. Live creatures are able to capture the energy coming to the ground in the form of sunlight, hold it in the form of energy of complex organic compounds (biomass), transmit each other, transform energy into mechanical, electrical, thermal and other energy. Non-fat bodies are not capable of this, they can mainly dispel energy (for example, heated).
It should be noted that everything on the planet Earth is interrelated and interdependent. A person is also part of nature, and not a full owner of her. It is also necessary to remember that many resources with which land is restricted, and we must take care of all creatures living on Earth.
However, a person has long reviewed the environment mainly as a source of resources. At the same time, it returns most of the resources from the nature of resources in the form of waste, which threatened the existence of both the biosphere and the person.
Statistics
A person in its activity uses the resources of the planet very inefficient, with the formation of a huge amount of waste. The amount of useful social product is no more than 2% of the natural resources used, and the remaining 98% are waste.
As a result of such activities, constant pollution of the atmosphere, soils, natural waters occurs, and this adversely affects human health.
The ever-increasing impact of man on the natural environment generated the need to introduce certain limitations to this. Thus, the maximum permissible norms of concentration (MPC) of harmful substances in the atmosphere were developed, in the soil and in water. In the development of the PDC, the requirements for the safety of the population and the development of production activities were taken into account, i.e., the inevitability of harmful substances in the natural environment was taken into account during production activities, but the maximum permissible concentrations were also identified, which during daily effects during unlimited time do not cause any -Lo painful changes in the human body.
Air pollution
The PDC is a hygienic criterion in assessing the sanitary condition of the environment (atmospheric air, water bodies, soils). IN Russian Federation MPC is installed for each harmful substance.
The main sources of pollution of the atmosphere include enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, transport, industrial enterprises. In some cases, the air is contaminated with gaseous impurities, in other - suspended particles.
Gaseous impurities include carbon oxides, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrocarbons.
Weighted particles are dust of natural and artificial origin (ash, soot, soil dust). Asbestos widely used in construction (its easily inhaled fibers) causes chronic irritation of the pulmonary fabric, which can cause lung cancer.
Attention!
Of particular danger is pollution with heavy metals. Lead, cadmium, mercury, copper, nickel, zinc, chrome, vanadium - almost constant components of industrial centers. Over 250 thousand tons of lead annually in the world is thrown into the air with car exhaust gases.
Soil pollution
In the role of major soil pollutants, metals and their compounds, radioactive elements, as well as fertilizers and pesticides1 used in agriculture are performed.
The most dangerous soil pollutants include mercury, lead and their connections.
Mercury enters the environment when using mercury-hold pesticides, which are used for pre-sowing seed disinfection, with waste of the pulp and paper industry, in the production of soda and chlorine, when mercury electrodes are used in technology. Waste industrial enterprises often contain metallic mercury, as well as various inorganic mercury compounds.
Remember!
Pollution of soil lead and its compounds is the most massive and dangerous character. The lead connections are used as anti-knock additives to gasoline, so the vehicle is hardly the main source of lead pollution of the natural environment. The lead content in soils depends on the location of the road and the density of the automotive movement on them. For example, the soil near large highways is contaminated with lead to 1500 meters from the curb.
Radioactive elements may fall into the soil and accumulate in it as a result of precipitation falling after atomic explosions or by removing liquid and solid radioactive waste of industrial enterprises or research institutions related to the study and use of atomic energy. Radioactive isotopes from soils fall into plants and organisms of animals and man, accumulating in them in certain tissues and organs: strontium-90 - in the bones and teeth, Cesium-137 - in the muscles, iodine-131 - in the thyroid gland, etc.
Pollution water
The main pollutants of surface waters are oil and petroleum products that come as a result of natural oil yields in areas of occurrence, oil production, transportation, its processing and use as fuel and industrial raw materials.
Attention!
Among the products of industrial production, detergents are a special place in their negative impact on an aquatic environment - synthetic detergents that are more widely used in industry, in transport, in a communal household economy.
The pollution of the aqueous medium also occurs as a result of advent of water flowing from the surface of the treated agricultural and forest lands, when discharged in water bodies of manufacturers, as a result of losses during transportation and storage of pesticides.
Along with pesticides, agricultural effluents contain a significant amount of nutrient (biogenic) substances introduced on the fields with fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium).
Waters are also subject to thermal pollution. When power plants consume water to condensate the spent steam, they return it in a reservoir by 10-30 ° C heated, reduce the content of oxygen dissolved in water, increase the toxicity of impurities polluting water.
Increasing the thermal load on the water bodies, the increase in biogenic elements and organic substances is usually accompanied by a sharp deterioration in sanitary and hygienic indicators of water quality.
Remember!
Pollution of the atmosphere, soil and water leads to violations of existing metabolism and energy cycles. Due to the increase in the scale of man-made human activity, global changes in the biosphere have emerged, which are already affected by human health and the state of the Genetic Foundation of Humanity. These changes can further lead to irreversible processes and ultimately to unbearable conditions for the existence of a person on Earth.
Currently, to understand and respond to evaluate all the processes that occur on the planet land associated with production activities, it is necessary to form each person a real ecological worldview and to educate the overall culture in the field of environmental safety.
Everyone should know
For a person, naturally desire to have a healthy, long-term, comfortable life, as well as the possibility of implementing their intellectual, aesthetic, cultural and other needs. Therefore, it is necessary to find optimal solutions in organizing human life, and in particular its production activities. It is necessary to form the formation of another worldview and education of a common culture in the field of life safety, which involves education in each person the following qualities:
Responsible attitude to the preservation of the environment;
responsible attitude towards personal health of both individual and social value;
responsible attitude towards ensuring personal security, society and state security.
Changes in the environment as a result of human vital activity directly affect its health. It is known that under the influence of the environment in the body, changes of genes may occur (mutations). This process is called mutagenesis, it constantly happens in the body. In conditions of increasing environmental pollution, it is accelerated and with a probability defined for each case may result from control. If this happens in the body cage, it can become a kindergarten of a malignant tumor. This process is called carcinogenesis (from lat. Cancer - Cancer). If the mutation occurs in a genital cell or in a cell of a developing embryo, then such a "out-of-control" cell can lead to the development of a child of hereditary disease or innate ugliness.
Substances and factors that change the normal structure of genes are called Mutagen.
Mutagens are physical and chemical factors causing hereditary changes - mutations. Ionizing (for example, X-ray and ultraviolet rays) and non-ionizing (for example, ultra-high frequency) radiation, various natural and obtained artificially chemical compounds are possessed. It has been established that no substance has influence on the cells of the body in itself, but always acts in aggregate with other substances and physical factors. Mutagens contribute to the formation of free radicals in the body.
Once in the body, Mutagen is influenced by the set of substances - components of food, hormones, metabolic products, enzymes. Some of them enhance the effect of Mutagena, others reduce and even correct the damaged gene. The body actively struggles with mutagens, localizing their harmful effects. However, constant deterioration of the environmental situation leads to a decrease in the protective properties of the organism and its ability to resist mutagenam.
In our body at the biochemical level, thousands of various reactions constantly flow. In many of these reactions, free radicals participate in oxidation processes. In the cells of the body there is always some number of free radicals. Free radicals are active compounds of oxygen, a molecules with a free electron, which have an increased ability to interact with other molecules. Free radicals are needed to implement the normal metabolic process and energy in the body.
However, when they become much in the body, a natural redox process is disturbed. As a result, free radicals begin to interact not with those molecules with which it is necessary for normal vital cellular cells. As a result, the cells begin to work worse, and this contributes to the development of various diseases (disorders of the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, violation of the processes of digestion and oncological diseases).
It has been established that the formation of an unnecessary amount of free radicals occurs when environmental pollution. This contributes to the falling into the lungs along with the air of the exhaust gases of cars, tobacco smoke, the smallest particles of asbestos dust. The enhanced formation of free radicals contributes to ionizing radiation and ingestion of the organism of various chemically hazardous substances.
The body has considerable opportunities to combat free radicals, but to a certain level. When the environmental situation deteriorates and grows the level of pollution of the environment, then to strengthen the capabilities of the body, it is necessary to resist this assistance from outside, a certain increase in substances (antioxidants), which would help him to localize the actions of excessive free radicals.
These substances include some vitamins and trace elements. Recently, doctors recently concluded that from a variety of antioxidants contained in products and with the help of which you can strengthen the protection of the body from an unnecessary amount of free radicals, vitamins A, C, E.
Vitamin A is contained in animal products (butter, egg yolk, liver). In many vegetable food products (carrots, spinach, salad, parsley, apricot, etc.) contains carotene. In the body of Karotine, Vitamin A. It provides normal growth, participates in the formation of visual pigments regulating the dark adaptation of the eye, normalizes the exchange processes in the skin, liver tissues and other organs.
Vitamin E is contained in green parts of plants, especially in young sprouts of cereals. Rich in vitamin vegetable oils (sunflower, cotton, corn, peanut, soy). Vitamin E is an antioxidant that impede the development of the formation process in a large number of free radicals dangerous to the body normalizes the metabolism of muscle tissue.
Vitamin C is contained in significant quantities in vegetable products (rosehip fruits, cabbage, black currant, lemons, oranges, and other fruits and berries). It is involved in redox processes, blood coagulation, carbohydrate exchange and restoration of tissues.
Remember!
All vitamins are absorbed most fully if they are used in the complex. It must be borne in mind that preferably sets of natural polyvitamins found in products
It should be noted that a significant reduction in the level of pollution of the environment of us in the near future can hardly be expected. Moreover, it is important to reduce the negative effect of contamination on human health, making appropriate changes to their lifestyle, increasing the overall culture in the field of environmental safety.
In this regard, we can offer you three options for your decision in everyday life in the conditions of not quite a favorable environmental situation.
The first direction is to expand the possibilities of your body to withstand various hazardous substances and environmental factors, which can be achieved by increasing various limits in a daily food diet products containing vitamins A, C and E.
Vitamin A - beta-carotene plays a large role in the antioxidant cell protection. Beta-carotene is able to neutralize the active forms of oxygen and thereby protect immune cells from the destruction. No less important in the protection system and vitamin C (ascorbic acid), which protects us from cancer. In addition, vitamin C prevents the destruction of the enzymes2 with free radicals.
Vitamin E, based in the body in sufficient quantities, protects cell membranes from the action of free radicals. It stops the chain oxidation reaction caused by free radicals, and thereby extends the life of the cells.
The second direction is the desire of each person to make a cash contribution to the preservation of the environment. To do this, first of all, it is necessary to form a need and personal responsibility for the preservation of the environment, and you need to start at home (apartments), streets and cities where you live. Look at other eyes on Wednesday directly around you, and determine whether its hygienic state corresponds to the norms of a healthy lifestyle. Plastic bottles, beer cans, butchers and other household waste on the streets, in squares and parks, in places of temporary rest in nature (Forest Polyana, reservoir, etc.) - all this is the cause of our hands. It seems that we are accustomed to live in our waste, but it must be understood that our health directly depends on the purity of the house, our streets and cities.
Remember!
The culture of environmental safety begins with the development of internal prohibitions to scatter the waste of its livelihoods around.
If you are internally able to throw an empty plastic bottle under your feet, packaging from products, etc., then with a high probability of adulthood, do not allow discharging industrial waste into the atmosphere and in water, violating the corresponding prohibitions.
Attention!
In addition to the habit of maintaining accessible ways to the environment, it is necessary to educate an economical attitude in the expenditure into household electricity, water and gas. This also contributes to the preservation of the environment, since if consumption decreases, the production is reduced, which means emissions.
If you have imbued with a sense of responsibility for saving the environment, try to convince others. This is necessary in order to maintain our planet Earth for the following generations; So for this you need the efforts of all people living on it.
The third direction is the ability to avoid places in everyday life, where the concentration of harmful substances exceeds the established norms.
Everyone should know
We give the several most characteristic recommendations.
If your home is located next to the territory of industrial facilities, then in order to ventilate the room, you need to take into account the direction of the wind. If the wind blows from the industrial zone, the windows are better to keep closed.
You should not walk along the road highways with intense traffic, especially if the wind blows on the part of the motorway.
For walking and physical education, it is better to choose a place in the park, square or forest park.
You can only swim in the established places where the water condition is verified and not dangerous to health.
Especially I would like to emphasize the need to upbringing the inosphet of narcotic substances (smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs).
The fact that it causes irreparable harm to health, everyone heard. The trouble is that at present, the style of behavior is not typical of a healthy person. Beer and cigarette bank became the main attributes of this style. Of course, every person is free to choose his behavior style itself, but at the same time everyone will have to pay his health for him. For everything you have to pay. In the setting, when the environmental environment is constantly contaminated by various harmful substances and factors, voluntarily exacerbate the situation, negatively affecting health, a reasonable person should not. But the choice is yours.
Remember!
Start smoking simply, it is difficult to quit (almost impossible).
In conclusion, we note that all of humanity is looking for ways to prevent the environmental crisis and maintain the planet Earth for future generations of people. Let's hope that the mind will win. But at the same time, each of you should not be a third-party observer. Everyone should strive to protect the environment and carefully refer to their health as personal and social value.
Moscow is not only the capital of the Russian Federation, but also the city of federal significance, as well as the administrative center of the Central Federal District and the Center for the Moscow Region, which the city itself is not included. According to this year, more than 12 million people live in this largest population in the population of Russia. Moscow belongs to the most populated cities that are fully located in Europe, and in terms of population is included in the first ten cities in the world.
Climate of Moscow
For Moscow, the presence of a moderately continental climate with a pronounced seasonality. By winter, it includes the period from the second half of November to the second half of March. The calendar in winter is noted by non-lintel strong frosts at night temperatures up to the range from -20 ° C to -25 ° C. For December and the beginning of January, thaws are characteristic. Transition seasons in the Moscow region are short enough. The summer season includes the period from the third decade of May until the end of August. The warmer month a year is July.
Environmental situation in Moscow
Reflects the condition and characteristics of the urban ecosystem and is closely connected with the background, near Moscow nature and the climatic features of the European part of Russia. The main factor is the "Gold Transfer", which is based on year-round wind of Western Rumbers. The result becomes obtaining fresh air masses by the Western and Northwestern regions of Moscow.
Air, which is polluted by passing over the city to the eastern territory. The contaminated air falls into Moscow in case of the prevalence of southeastern or oriental winds. Such a situation is provoked by the fact that the southeast is greened by 25-30%, has a large plowing area and a high degree of industrialization.
In the north-west of the capital there are reservoirs with cleaner water. This is due to the direction of the main watercourse of the Moscow region from the north-west side to the southeast. Differentiation of environmental conditions is further due to the features of soil and relief. The north-western part of Moscow is located on a hilly hill and is distinguished by the presence of more heavy clay and driving soils. Such a location activates the surface washing, horizontal migration and concentration in reservoirs of pollution, which minimally penetrate into the soil. The ecology of Moscow is largely under the influence of the prevailing Northwestern and Western winds. The qualitative composition of water resources is significantly better in the north-west of Moscow.
Atmospheric pollution spread almost a hundred kilometers from urban traits. The radii of depression funnels formed by the fence of artesian waters make up about 120 kilometers.
It is characterized by the formation of thermal pollution and impaired impact versions at a distance of about a hundred kilometers from Moscow, and the oppression of forest arrays extends more than 30 kilometers.
Environmental situation in the areas of the city
Ecology central District Moscow is 80% under the influence of vehicles.
The territory of the Eastern District is distinguished by the presence of large industrial zones affecting the environment of surrounding areas. Relatively clean are zones near the Power Island and Izmailovsky Park. A more favorable ecology is observed in the villagers, Novokosino, Zhulebino and Kosino-Ukhtomskom. The most dirties are areas bordering the central and southeastern districts.
One of the most polluted areas of Moscow is the South-Eastern District. The qualitative composition of atmospheric air directly depends on polluting factors: the Lublin Steel Plant, the Advanced Power Repair Plant and many other enterprises that are located along the Moscow River. Particularly strong pollution is fixed in the region of the Hop, Maryino and Lublin. The beneficial effect of Kuzminsky forest park has a positive effect on the environmental situation in the entire district, and the most pure districts are Vykhino-Zhulebino and Kuzminki.
In the Southern District of Moscow, the main pollution of the atmosphere is caused by the action of the Moscow Oil Refinery and the Lublin Foundry and Mechanical Plant. The smallest pollution is experiencing areas: Chertanovo, Turillavo East, West. The greatest accumulation of harmful substances in the air is observed in the Orekhovo-Borisovo microdines and Brateevo.
One of the cleanest metropolitan districts is southwest, in which a favorable environmental situation has developed in Yasenevo, a warm mill, southern and northern butt. The territory of the district does not have large polluting sources. In the western district of Moscow, the most pure in the environmental plan includes Solntsevo and Novopereldelkino, which are located by the MKAD deposited. Significantly affect the environment of the district. Several industrial zones located near Mozhaisk highway and Kutuzovsky Prospect.
The most ecologically clean capital district is considered to be the North-West District, including the Areas of Mitino and Strogino. There are no large-scale sources of pollution on the territory of the district.
The Northern District of Moscow also refers to relatively pure zones with a favorable environmental situation. Located in the southern part of the district, the industrial zone significantly affects the ecology.
The ecology of the northeastern district is influenced by individual enterprises and a large number of automobile transport units. The southern part of the district is significantly dirtier north.
Air pollution in Moscow
Every year, the death of almost four thousand citizens is recorded as a result of the impact of dirty air in the capital. Special toxicity causes automotive emissions that apply near the sidewalks and zones of the active movement of pedestrians.
The metropolitan air is characterized by an elevated content of benzpyrine, phenol, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. Benzpins refers to strong carcinogens that provoke the development of leukemia and congenital deformities.
The high value of the pollution of the capital air is characteristic of areas located near industrial zones and large motorways. It is fixed in the eastern and southeastern parts of the city.
Industry of the city
Moscow, which is the city of federal significance, is the largest industrial and production center of Russia, in whose territory machine-building production has been formed, including power engineering, as well as machine-tooling, shipbuilding and instrument-making enterprises.
Moscow produces products of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, chemical, light and printing industry are developed. The presence of a strong scientific and technological basis for the production of optical and radio-electronic devices, aviation and space equipment, as well as high-precision mechanical instruments, also cause natural imbalance. Recently, the process in terms of the transfer of basic industries beyond the capital, which should contribute to the improvement of the environmental situation in Moscow.
Today, the following large-scale industrial enterprises operate on the territory of Moscow:
OJSC "MSHZ" and JSC "MMP named after V. V. Chernyshev";
OAO Gazpromneft - Moscow refinery ";
OJSC "Moscow abrasive plant";
NGO "MRT" and OJSC "Moskovsky Nemeslozavod";
JSC "Moscow Zbbi and Pipe Plant";
OJSC "Moscow Mechanical Plant No. 3";
CJSC "Moscow Plant of Electrical Instruments";
OJSC NK Rosneft - Moscow Factory "Oil Product";
OJSC MoschimfarmPreparats and Moscow Endocrine Plant;
CJSC "66. Metalworking plant ";
JSC Karacharovsky MH;
OJSC "Second Moscow Instrument-Building Plant";
Machine-building plants "Banner" and "Lighthouse".
Enterprises affecting ecology
On the territory of SAO there are two nuclear facilities, twelve large factories, four railway hubs and significance of enterprises producing building materials. The point of location is the largest industrial zone. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: the chemical plant they. Voikova, Plastic Plant and CHP 21.
On the territory of Svao there are a large railway assembly, an incinerator, seventeen large plants, an oil refinery, a chemical plant and two CHP. Large industries are absent. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: Moscow Refinery No. 1 and Beskudnikovskoe reduced gas enterprise.
On the territory of WAO there are two incineration plants, oil refining, asphalt and chemical plants, seven major plants of different orientation, large railway assembly and two CHP. The danger zone is 75% of the entire territory of the district. The prerequisites are observed, in accordance with which there is a threat to the flooding of territories under the CHP 11 and the cold processing plant.
On the territory of Yuvao there are two CHP, refinery, tire, metallurgical and reworking plants, a large number of chemical enterprises, two railway nodes, eight plants and port. The main danger to ecology represents Lyuberetsky filtration fields, which are many years with a huge cylinder period of the capital. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: plant "Sickle and hammer", Aeration Station "Kuryanovskaya", Moscow refinery, the plant "Isol", the plant "Asphalt concrete".
There are three nuclear facilities on the territory of YUAO, the incinerator, the metallurgical plant, two chemical plants, four CHP and seventeen plants of various categories. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: CHP 9, ZIL, AZLK, Lenin Nefteubase, plant of dissolved acetylene, Moscow Coksogaz, plant for the production of asphalt concrete.
There are two nuclear facilities in Yuzao, two CHPs, four plants. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: automatic gas station and CHP-20.
On the territory of CJSC there are three CHP, four railway hubs, port, sixteen different factories, claiming facilities and asphalt plant. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: factory them. Khrunichev and CHP-12.
There are three CHP, a nuclear factor, six plants, railway assets and asphalt production. The most environmentally unsafe enterprises: Tushinsky MH, CHP-16 and the Kurchatov Institute.
Industrial enterprises are missing in the Cao. The most ecologically unsafe enterprises: 12 enterprises using chlorine and ammonia; CHP 12 and 23; automated gas station; The largest w / d node and gas base.
Monitoring
Environmental control in the metropolitan region is carried out using 39 fully automated monitoring stations stained type. They control twenty-two pollutants in atmospheric air, as well as the overall level of atmospheric pollution in the capital.
It is possible to improve the ecosystem of Moscow, while maintaining and developing squares, parks and trees on intra-robust territories, which were significantly injured as a result of point urban development. The Moscow City Cycle is substantially influenced by the entire surrounding area.
Dust street ...
Dust, which we breathe on the street, are not just innocuous sorties. It consists of soil particles, exhaust exhaust gases, deposited down, chemical compounds from industrial industries, heavy metal salts, pollen. In addition, it contains bacteria and many viruses that can provoke a disease. Let's say, she covered you at the stop by the dust club, and after a couple of days you have already broken with any cold with a cold - it is quite possible that you breathed a virus with dust.
If you live near industrial production, keep in mind that inhale dust more than others. Therefore, regularly shown the doctor if the nearby plant throws, for example, lead, manganese dust - it can cause poisoning. And cement and asbestos dust, inhaled in large quantities, can cause the development of cancer.
The smaller the dust, the more dangerous. Small particles settle in respiratory tract, irritate the nasopharynk, eyes, skin. Therefore, it is often among those who are constantly in contact with the street dust, there are diseases of the lungs (right up to asthma), conjunctivitis, dermatitis develop.
Dust can cause more dangerous agers - for example, a tuberculosis wand retains vitality in dust from several months to several years. The diphtheria stick can also be adjacent. And dried outlets of rodents in the dust (if you often visit the city) may be the cause of the "mouse fever" at which the kidneys are affected.
At the time, when flowering plants, colors, allergen - pollen can be contained in dust. Tears from the eyes, runny nose and "broken" condition - constant satellites of allergies that react to it.
By the way, the most dust is concentrated at an altitude to the meter, so the children suffer more adults. Therefore, choose strollers higher and protect the baby from the wind.
And home
What to do? Less likely to go outdoors? But in the four walls, the concentration of dust due to the fact that the room is limited, even higher.
Home dust - especially strong allergen. In addition to bacteria and viruses, it contains particles of fabric, clothing, man and animal leather, dirt brought from the street, kitchen soot, chemical compounds from domestic cleaning products, streptococci, staphylococci, mold spores, dust pliers. Moreover, dust pliers are the strongest allergens provoking an allergic runny nose, bronchial asthma. A special type of allergy develops in people who react to book dust.
Dust concentrates on upholstered furniture, carpets (most of all on synthetic, which, due to static electricity, attract more dust), in hard-to-reach places for cleaning. It would seem that the vacuum cleaner can get rid of dust. However, American scientists found out that this is not the best way. The filter of the conventional vacuum cleaner does not absorb all dust, and almost a third is thrown back. Better wet cleaning and natural ventilation of premises - ventilation.
How to deal with home dust
Feather pillows and blankets replace on synthetic.
Do not shake home clothes, bed linen.
More often, ventilate the room and spend wet cleaning.
Choose closed cabinets, shelves. Store books in glazed cabinets, periodically vacuuming them.
Wipe with a damp cloth of houseplants, spray with water.
To combat ticks at least two hours dry in the sun pillows, blankets, blankets. The favorite place of the saprofite is a bed (here there is food for them - the human epidermis and warmth), so change bedding once a week, stroke it with an iron.
How to deal with outdoor dust
If you are an allergy, come from the street home, take a shower, rejoice in homemade clothes - so as not to contact the allergen.
To get rid of dust, rinse the nasopherler with a solution of sea salt, rinse the water of the eye, rinse your mouth.
If on the street windy, wear safety glasses.
People in contact with dust (wipers, cleaners), it is advisable to use masks, respirators.
What organs can cause dust
Eyes (conjunctivitis, blufarite)
Leather (dermatitis)
Immune system (allergy)
Light (asthma)
Nasopharynk (irritation, runny nose, sore throat)
Boychenko A.V., Lecturer Organizer Obzh MBOU SOSH No. 32 Beloglinsky District, St.usenskaya, Krasnodar Territory
Technology Card Obzh lesson in grade 8on the topic
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Rules of safe behaviorwith an unfavorable environmental situation "
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Type of lesson |
combined. |
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Using technology |
Project technology Heating technology |
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Forms of work studying |
Frontal, group |
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UMC "Basics of Life Safety" for 5-9 classes of general educational organizations edited by A.T.Smirnova, B.O.Hrennikov |
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The purpose of the lesson |
To form students sustainable convictionneed necessity to maintain the environmentand take care of personal health. |
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Tasks lesson |
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Planned results |
The formation of environmental culture based on the recognition of life value in all its manifestations and the need for a responsible and respect for the environment; The formation of a holistic worldview corresponding to the modern level of development of science and society.
The ability to independently identify the goals of their learning, formulate and set up new tasks in school and cognitive activity, develop motives and interests in these activities; The ability to evaluate its own capabilities when performing training tasks in the field of life safety and the correctness of their decision; The ability to work individually and in the group, organize educational cooperation and joint activities with teacher and peers; 3. Subjects: The formation of a modern culture of life safety on the basis of awareness and understanding of the need for personality protection, society and states from Natural, Technogenic and social character; Mastering the foundations of environmental design of BZ, taking into account natural, technogenic and social risks in the territory of residence; |
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Equipment |
handout, Tutorial, notebook, markers, board, computer, presentation, projector. |
During the classes:
I. . Organizing time. (2 minutes.)
Teacher Welcomes class, the teacher offers to prepare for checking homework.
II.
. Totalization of knowledge (7 min.)
Teacher:
Today's lesson is devoted to the rules of safe behavior in the conditions of an unfavorable environmental situation. But first let's remember what natural environment and what are the main sources of its pollution.
So what is the natural environment? (Natural environment is a combination of objects and systems of the surrounding world not created by a person).
And what, mostly, man uses a natural environment? What happens? (As a source of resources, various waste is accumulated).
Call the concept that determine the degree of environmental pollution.
(MPC - extremely permissible concentration. Determines the concentration of harmful substance, which during prolonged exposure to the body does not lead to diseases).
Recall the main sources and air pollutants. (Energy enterprises, industrial enterprises, transport. Gaseous - carbon oxides, sulfur, nitrogen. Solid (suspension) - soot, ash, dust).
Name the main sources and soil pollutants. (Waste industry containing heavy metals, for example, mercury, agricultural enterprises using various chemicals, lead compounds contained in exhaust vehicle exhaust gases, radioactive waste of industrial and research enterprises, as well as emerging at emergencies at nuclear power plants).
How does the water environment be contaminated? What are the basic types of pollution do you know? (The main water pollutants are petroleum products during emergency bottling and natural outputs in location. Also significant pollution occurs due to the discharge of industrial waste, stocks of agricultural chemicals, industrial and household wastewater detergents - synthetic detergents. More water resources are subject to thermal contamination).
What, in general, the consequences are environmental pollution? Let's do a general conclusion. (Worse conditions are worse, the number of diseases is growing, with further growth of pollution, our planet will become unsuitable for life).
III
. The presentation of the new educational material. (20 minutes.)
Teacher:
We concluded that environmental pollution can lead to disastrous consequences for the entire civilization. At today's lesson, we will consider the mechanisms of impact on the person of negative factors in the conditions of an unfavorable environmental situation and determine the rules of safe behavior in such conditions.
Write down in the notebook date and theme lesson.
Pupils with prepared projects
As you already know, ecology - This is the science of the relationship between organisms with the environment. Therefore, changes occurring in the environment directly affect a person on his health. Under the influence of adverse factors, a change in information laid in genes may occur, that is, to influence heredity, for future generations. This pro-process is called mutagenez, it constantly occurs in the body, but under the control of the immune (protective) system of the body. With increasing environmental pollution mutagenez Specifies and can come out of control. If this happens in the body cage, it can become a kindergarten of a malignant tumor. This process is called Carcinogenesis. If the muta occurs in a sexual cell or in a cell of a developing level-breathing, then such a cell can lead to the development of a child of hereditary disease or innate ugliness.
Substances and factors that change the normal structure of genes are called mutagenov. Write down the definition: Mutagena - These are physical and chemical factors causing hereditary changes - mutations. Mutagenic action of the area give various radiation, for example, X-ray and ultraviolet rays, currents
ultra-high frequency, for example, radar radiation, microwave oven (with damaged protection), cellular base station, mobile phone, television kinescope. Many chemicals contained in the natural environment and created in the technosphere have a mutagenic effect. If you get into the body, no substance has influenced on the cells of the body in itself, and always acts in a set with other substances and physical factors. In our body, thousands of various reactions constantly take place. Therefore, hitting the body, Mutagen is influenced by the set of substances - components of food, hormones, and so on. Some of them enhance the effect of Mutagena, others decrease and even correct damaged gene. The body is actively fighting with mutagens, seeking to reduce their harmful effects. However, with a constant deterioration of the environmental situation, a decrease in the characteristics of the body and its ability to defend themselves. Mutagens are the formation of the so-called organism free radicals. Free radicals - Oxygen compounds, very active molecules with a high ability to interact with other molecules. Free radicals Required for the normal process of metabolism and energy in the body.
If they are becoming too much in the body, they begin to interact not with those molecules with which it is necessary for normal life-ok. As a result, the cells begin to work incorrectly, and because of this, various diseases arise (disorders of the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, violation of the processes of digestion and oncological diseases). Scientists found that the formation of extra free radicals occurs when entering lights along with air exhaust gas, tobacco smoke, the smallest asbesto dust particles, when irradiated with various types of radiation. The body has great opportunities for combating free radicals, but not infinite. When environmentalizing the environment deteriorates and the level of pollution of the environment is beginning to exceed the MPC to enhance the capacity of the body, he needs help, an increase in substances in the body that helped him cope with the action of unnecessary free radicals. Such substances are called
antioxidantsthat is - preventing oxidation.
TO antioxidant These are in particular, some vitamins and microelegen-you. Of the many an-thioxidants contained in products and with which you can strengthen the protection of the body, vitamins A, C, E.
Vitamin A contained in animal products. This is butter, egg yolk, liver, as well as in many plant foods - carrots, spinach, salad, parsley, apricot and a number of others containing carotene.
In the body of carotene, Vitamin A. It provides normal growth, participates in the formation of spectator pigments, normalizes metabolic processes in the skin, liver tissues and other organs.
Vitamin E.
it is contained in the green parts of plants, especially in my booty sprouts of cereals. Weathered vegetable oils are rich in vitamin - under-sunny, cotton, corn, peanut, soy. Vitamin E interferes with the formation of free radicals dangerous to the body, normalizes the metabolism of muscle tissue.
Vitamin Ccontained in significant quantities in vegetable products - rosehip fruits, cabbage, black currant, lemons, oranges and other fruits and berries. It participates in redox processes, blood coagulation, carbohydrate exchange and tissue restoration. Vitamin C Pre-Approach Destruction enzymes Free radicals, protects against cancer.
Enzymes - Biological substances capable of accelerating biochemical reactions many times.
It must be remembered - vitamins are absorbed most fully if they are used in the complex. It should be borne in mind that preferably the sets of natural polyvitamins found in products. Pay attention to the set of the most affordable products of plant origin containing vitamins A, E, C.
Unfortunately, a significant reduction in the level of pollution of the environment of our natural environment in the near future can hardly be exit
to give. Moreover, it is important to reduce the negative effect of contamination on human health, changing the lifestyle, increasing the overall culture in the field of environmental safety.
However, you are tired and before we turn to the definition of the rules, let's carry out a physical attachment.
So, first - strengthening the capacity of the body To withstand various environmentally dangerous substances and environmental factors, which can be achieved by increasing in daily food rations of products containing vitamins A, C and E. Fresh air classes with physical education or sports, in general, high motor activity. The second direction is a mortgage contribution to the preservation of the environment. For this, first of all, it is necessary to form a need and personal responsibility for preserving the environment, and you need to start with your home, streets and villages in which you live. We look carefully on Wednesday, directly surrounding us. Plastic bottles, beer cans, domestic waste everywhere. And all this is the case of our hands! It seems that we are accustomed to living in our waste, but it's time to understand that our health directly depends on the number of homes, our streets and cities.
The culture of environmental safety begins with the development of internal prohibitions to scatter the waste of its vitality around.
In addition to the habit of maintaining accessible ways to the environment, it is necessary to educate an economical attitude in the expenditure into household electricity, water and gas. This also contributes to the preservation of the environment, because if consumption decreases, then the production is reduced, and therefore emissions.
Third direction - This is the ability in everyday life from running places where the concentration of harmful substances exceeds the established norms, or places and companies, where smoking, the use of alcohol and drugs is considered the norm of behavior. The fact that it causes irreparable harm to health, everyone heard. The trouble is that the style of behavior is currently formed at present. Remember! Start smoking, drink alcohol or drugs is very simple, throw - almost impossible!
It should also be remembered that the smaller you spend time from those leftizor or by the computer, the better. Of course, every person is free to choose his behavior style itself, but at the same time everyone will have to pay his health for the wrong choice.
In addition, the health of each of us is part of the health of the whole society and our native country. If you have imbued with a sense of responsibility for saving the surrounding environment, try to convince others. It is necessary to keep our planet Earth not only for ourselves, but also for future generations.
IV . Fizminutka
V.
. Fastening the material studied. (9 min.)
Teacher:
Who has questions about the material of the lesson? (answers students' questions). And now I propose to check the knowledge you received in this lesson. Now you do a small test task. Each of you will answer a few questions - will choose the right answer from the proposed options.
1. What are the substances causing hereditary changes?
a) vitamins b) mutagens c) enzymes
2. What role is performed in the human body antioxidants?
a) accelerate biochemical processes b) protect against unnecessary free radicals c) help to digest food
3. What are Vitamins A, E, C?
a) antioxidants b) carcinogens c) enzymes
4. The use of what foods is expanding the protective age capability of the body with unfavorable ecological phosphor?
a) vegetables b) chocolate c) chips
5. What do you think will bring the greatest damage to health?
a) computer games b) non-drying c) smoking
VI
. Reflection. (3 min.)
Teacher:
So, at today's lesson, we met the rules whose observance will help preserve health with an unfavorable environmental situation.
Pupils evaluate their work at the lesson, exposes to the classroom and assessment diaries.
VII
. Homework. (2 minutes.)
Explore § 4.2, draw a table from page 86 in the working notebook.
Pick up for yourself a set of products in which pretty vitamins A, C, E. Ask parents to think together with you, as the mind-but to introduce them into the diet. Write your own conclusions into the security diary.