I, as a person, born in the USSR, the separation of foreign countries on the "long-distance" and "closest" is deeply incomprehensible. In my understanding, all countries with which Russia has total border (Let even aquatic), should be called "near abroad". But it happened that such a separation is not conducted by the geographical position of the country, but according to the historically established separation of the former territories of the USSR.
Near Abroad
Member States are called territories previously included in the USSR and received sovereignty after the elimination of the Soviet Union in 1991. In 1991, these countries even include those republics that, as a result of separation, no longer have a common border with Russia.
These states include:
- Azerbaijan.
- Armenia.
- Turkmenistan.
- Kyrgyzstan.
However, even after breaking from the USSR, many of these countries enter various associations with Russia: CIS, APEC, SCO, etc.
Far abroad
To states far abroad It is customary to attract any countries that are far and having a common border with Russia. The main feature here is that previously they were not part of the Soviet Union. From the point of view of some geographers (and from mine too), this is completely unreasonable and is not amenable to simple logic.
Russia has a common border with:
- Finland.
- Korean People's Democratic Republic.
- Norway.
- United States of America (over the Bering Strait).
However, these countries are far abroad, despite their direct geographical location to the Russian Federation.
The emergence of the term
The separation of abroad on the "far" and "nearby" is rather historical and cultural and political and social character. For the first time, these terms were used by dissidents who fled or were sent from the USSR, which they sought to emphasize the difference between the former republics from the Russian Federation.
In addition, the "nearest" called the former republics and some post-Soviet political figures (deputy min. Defense of the Russian Federation in 1992-96 Kokoshin A. A.), who considered that the collapse of the Union was not final and "near abroad" will return to Russia. I think that the last point in this question is early, the time will tell.
the Russian Federation Supports close relations with the CIS countries and the European Union (EU), as well as with Asian, African states. Russia exports abroad industrial products, in particular, equipment, machinery, oil, gas, metal products, coal and chemical products. Full information on foreign countries (including the CIS countries), with which Russia supports close economic relations, can be obtained on our portal site, in particular, in the heading
Over the past year, oil exports increased significantly (by 18-20%) and petroleum products (by 6%). At the moment, Russia is the main exporter of oil in the world (its reserves amount to about 5% of the world), as well as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran and Iraq, Qatar and Norway, United Kingdom, Mexico and Venezuell, Nigeria, Algeria and Angola . In addition to increasing oil exports, Russian sales increased abroad by stone coal by 8-10%, aluminum together with ferroalloys (three times). At the same time, imports of industrial products to Russia from foreign countries (by 36.9%) significantly decreased.
Foreign economic trading relationships associate the Russian Federation with EU countries, in particular with Germany, Italy, France and Poland. The EU is a major trading partner of Russia, the countries of the European Union account for half the turnover, while the EurAsEC countries are only 9%, and the APEC state is its fifth.
European states
Russia supplies 93% of the exported oil into Europe, the main importers of which are Germany, Italy and France, as well as the CIS countries.
Germany It is engaged in exporting equipment for reactors, boilers, electronic and electrical equipment, chemical products and cars. Russia imports equipment and machines from Germany, chemical products. Energy (30-40%), metals, products and metals (up to 20%), chemical products (8-10%) are exported from Russia to Germany. Gradually, from the supplier to Germany raw materials of the Russian Federation turns into exporter of finished products.
France Cooperates with Russia mainly in terms of the aircraft industry, since it is this industrial product that exports.
Italy Trading equipment for reactors and boilers. From the country, imports of goods to Russia recently declined significantly.
Singapore Supplies to the global market (and resells) electronics and cars. To date, Russia bypassed Singapore.
Great Britain Exports industrial products produced by the Aerospace Industries. This country is an exporter of oil (in the territory of the state 150 oil fields, on the mainland there are 31 fields). In recent years, the export of goods to Russia has declined significantly.
Country of American Continent
USA Successfully sells reactors and boilers, vehicles, airplanes and electronic equipment. This country is one of the largest oil importers, although independently produces the fifth part of the raw material, which consumes. Most of the raw materials fall on vehicles. For the US, the Russian Federation is an excellent alternative oil supplier.
Of Canada In Russia and other countries are vehicles, machines necessary for agricultural work. Canada is an exporter of oil in the raw form, mainly in the United States and China.
Asian states
China It is engaged in exporting electronic equipment, which brings main income to the treasury. In the international market, the PRC is the largest exporter of electronic products. Also, China exports reactors and boilers to other countries. The PRC is committed to creating a strategic reserve of oil, so there is an increase in the import of this industrial product, in particular, from Russia. Oil and gas pipelines are being built from Russia to the PRC. China for Russia is the main trading partner. In China, Russia supplies its own cars and other industrial equipment (the proportion of these goods in the supply to the PRC in the pre-crisis period was 25%). True, some engineering and technical products Russia in China still purchases. China is interested in supplying its own products to the Russian market, as well as in obtaining access to Russian raw materials.
Japan Supplies to Russia mainly electronics, vehicles, as well as equipment for power plants. The main trading partners of the state are the United States and China.
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Which countries are in far abroad? And got the best answer
Answer from Natalia [Guru]
Far abroad - an unofficial term in Russia after the collapse of the USSR for the overall designation of non-neighboring countries, that is, as a rule, such states that have not become part of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
Contrary to geography, "far abroad" includes countries having a common border with the Russian Federation, such as Finland, Norway, Poland, Mongolia, PRC, DPRK, and sometimes Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia).
Nataliya
Master
(1460)
Of course ... there are no countries included in the CIS
Answer from Roofer best[guru]
Israel, USA.
Answer from Ђemirlan Kairat[newcomer]
not
Answer from Azalea Muhametshina[active]
List of countries Baltic countries: Lithuania - in the area The largest state of the Baltic States (65.3 thousand km2). The capital is the city of Vilnius. By the type of government - the parliamentary republic. The population is about 3 million people. Latvia is located in the northern part of Europe. It has common boundaries with Lithuania. The area of \u200b\u200bthe state is about 64.6 thousand km2. The number of population is a little less than 2 million people. The capital is the city of Riga. Estonia is the smallest state among the Baltic countries (area - more than 45 thousand km2). The capital is Tallinn. It has borders with Russia, Latvia and Finland. The population is about 1.3 million people. The continuation of the list will consist of the following states whose description can be found below in the article. Azerbaijan. Ukraine. Belarus. Kazakhstan. Georgia. Moldova is located in the e-east part of Europe. It has common borders with Romania and Ukraine. The area of \u200b\u200bthe state is almost 34 thousand km2. About 3.5 million people live on this territory. Armenia is the country of Transcaucasia. Capital - Yerevan. The area is about 30 thousand km2. For a long time was in a military conflict with Azerbaijan. The population is about 3 million people. The countries of the nearest abroad (a list of former republics of Central and Central Asia): Uzbekistan bordered with five states: with Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. It covers the area whose area is slightly less than 450 thousand km2. The number of residents is almost 32 million people. Turkmenistan is a country that has access to the Caspian Sea. The capital is the city of Ashgabat. The state area is about 490 thousand km2, the population is more than 5 million people. Tajikistan is located in Central Asia. It occupies a territory of 142 thousand km2. Permanently resides more than 8.5 million people here. Capital - Dushanbe. Kyrgyzstan is a country located in Central Asia. It has borders with PRC, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, Kazakhstan. The capital is the city of Bishkek. The population is about 6 million people, the area is slightly less than 200 thousand km2. Azerbaijan among countries of near abroad can be noted by the Republic of Azerbaijan. The state is located in the Eastern Transcaucasus and washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. Its territory is 86.6 thousand km2, and the population is more than 9 million people. According to these two parameters, Azerbaijan is the largest Transcaucasian state. The capital is the city of Baku. -
Middle abroad (new abroad) is a conditional term that includes all the former Union republics of the Soviet Union, which became foreign countries For Russia after the collapse of the USSR. It is designed to distinguish these countries from "old abroad", i.e. overseas states Outside the limits of the former USSR.
Far abroad (old abroad) is a conditional term implying a combination of all foreign states outside the former USSR. It is designed to distinguish these states from "near abroad", i.e. Newly emerged independent countries in the territory of the former USSR. In connection with the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the states of the near abroad, the term "transparent borders" appeared, which means unhindered (free) migration between Russia and the states of the former USSR, despite the emergence of the official border. In fact, this phenomenon exists in relations between the United States and Canada, between Australia and New Zealand and in the most complete form - in the Schengen countries.
World Arena is represented by 251 countries. Each of them has its own territory, authorities and population. In order to structure them, several classifications were introduced. For example, with respect to any particular state, such a classification may be the division of the world to countries of near and far abroad. The list of countries related to each of them is presented in this article.
What is near and far abroad
In order to understand what far abroad is, it is necessary to clearly understand which countries and what principle is included in the neighboring countries. In fact, the "nearest" call those countries that were in due time in the USSR and after 1992 came out of it.
These names are unofficial and often in a foreign press are written in quotes. For Russia, this is a deep memory of continuous communication with the nature of this term has nothing to do with the geographical remoteness of countries. First of all, he has a political and historical meaning.
Far abroad Russia (list of countries)
The list of states relating to this classification includes sufficiently many countries. In order for the list of non-foreign countries to Russia to remember, we highlight the brightest of them. It should also be noted the level of cooperation between these countries. The list of non-foreign countries of Russia is presented further:
- China is one of the largest trade and economic partners of Russia.
- India is a developing shopping center of the world.
- The countries of the European Union are an important source of investment.
- Japan and Korea is a source of important technologies.
- The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are a source of various natural and agricultural resources.
- Middle East and North Africa - the Created Market for the importation of Russian appliances.
In the list of foreign countries, sometimes even the Baltic countries are included. But it is allowed more than an exception. Despite the overall border with Finland, Poland, Norway, PRC and the DPRK, Russia includes state data into the list of foreign countries.
Countries of near abroad
Middle abroad includes much fewer countries. They divide them into 4 categories. The first is the Baltic countries. These include Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The second block is Eastern European states. Third include B. this category And complete the list of Central Asia regions.
Relationship of Russia and China
The list of foreign countries should be started with China. For Russia, foreign economic relations with this country are a priority. The main tasks of cooperation between countries are:
- Conclusion to the Chinese market of machine-building products of domestic production.
- Development of export policies for agriculture.
- Liquidation of barriers in conclusion to the Chinese market of products of the telecommunications sector and the chemical industry.
- Investing in the development of border between countries territories.
- Research and development cooperation.
Work in these areas allows you to strengthen the friendly relations between the countries of far abroad. The list of possible areas is constantly expanding, which demonstrates the dynamics of the development of mutually beneficial cooperation between Russia and China.
India and Russia
It is not by chance that India occupies the second place in the list of non-foreign countries. The main sector of Russia's cooperation with India is the biotechnological and information industry. To strengthen the relationship between the countries, the Russian Federation plans to expand its coverage area in the Indian market. The main export goods are special equipment, black and non-ferrous metals and machine-and-industrial products. The development of investment projects between states will affect pharmaceutical, gas and oil companies. Closer cooperation should ensure comfortable transport corridors for export-import broadcasts. Much attention in foreign economic cooperation between Russia and India is given to energy, biotechnology, aircraft.
EU countries
The main share of Russian exports and imports is on the states of the European Union. Therefore, it becomes obvious the presence of these western countries In the list at the honorable third place. The main task of Russia regarding the EU is to obtain a proper investment, the introduction of their technologies and business processes into its production. The list of priority areas for the development of relations between Russia and the EU countries includes the following activities:
- The formation of a stable regime of hydrocarbon supplies from Russia to the European market.
- Creation of conditions of mutual investment in the development of gas and oil production, as well as their distribution and transportation.
- An increase in the size of industrial cooperation through the conclusion between domestic and European companies of mutually beneficial alliances. The main branches of this area are: telecommunications, automotive, food industry.
- Increase interest in scientific and technological cooperation between countries.
- Establishing bilateral investment in financial and development projects.
- Work on improving mobility and simplifying cross-border movement of citizens. It also concerns the transportation of goods and objects of intellectual property.
- Liquidation of barriers arising in the process of exporting Russian goods to the European market.
The implementation of the activities presented above will allow Russia and the European Union countries to become mutually profitable partners in the global market. To date, these countries are actively engaged in achieving their goals, not forgetting to pay attention to the development of border areas.