What makes social protection. Social security authorities

The state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of social support of citizens is formed in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

According to Art. 7 constitutions « The Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. (Art. 7., p.1.). And also in the Russian Federation, the work and health of people is protected, the guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support for family, motherhood, paternity and childhood, disabled people and senior citizens is provided, social services system develops, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection ( Art. 7.p.2.).

The Constitution of the Russian Federation also established that coordination of issues of protecting family, motherhood, paternity and childhood; Social protection, including social security, is in joint management of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Thus, all the above guarantees are implemented through a system of social protection of the population. The basis of state social guarantees are minimal social standards - that is, established by the laws of the Russian Federation or decisions representative bodies State power for a certain period of time Minimal levels of social guarantees expressed through social norms and regulations reflecting the most important human needs in material benefits, publicly available and free services that guarantee the relevant level of consumption and intended to determine the mandatory minimum of budget expenditures for these purposes.

Social protection of the population is practical activities on the implementation of the main areas of social policy.

When developing and implementing social policies, the question arises on social prioritiesThat is, social tasks that are recognized by the Company at this stage of its development are the most imperative and urgent, requiring a priority decision. In this case, it is necessary not only to support, but also

In a wide generalocial sense, the term "social protection" first appeared in the USA in the 30s. And gradually got the distribution in Western sociology to designate a system of measures that protect any citizen from economic and social disadvantage due to unemployment, loss or sharp reduction in income due to illness, childbirth, production injury, or professional care, disability, old age, feeder loss, etc. p., and also became the main attribute of the social policy of any civilized state.

Social protection of the population is considered by the Russian social law as the system of legal guarantees and protective measures defending members of society from economic, social and physical degradation. It acts as a process of providing state and municipal bodies of existing guarantees and rights that protect the identity, its economic, socio-political, social needs and interests.

In practical terms, social protection is represented by a complex of legal economic, social guarantees, enshrined legislatively and in subtitle acts at the state level using a two-step system of legal acts - federal and regional legislation.

At the same time, social protection acts as a process of providing state or other bodies of existing guarantees in society and protecting the personality, its economic, socio-political, social needs and interests in all spheres of the life of society. In its actions, it applies to all members of society, however, the functional manifestation in relation to various groups of different groups.

Models of social protection (according to Anthropov V.V.)

Under the economic model of social protection, it is possible to understand the established principles of the organization and operation of its programs in a particular country. In the countries of the European Union, four main models are dominated: Continental or Bismarkovskaya, Anglo-Saxon or the Beverjeza model, Scandinavian and South European.

Continental model (Bismarck model) establishes a tough connection between the level of social protection and the duration of professional activity. It is based on social insurance, whose services are funded mainly through the contributions of employers and the insured. This model is based on the principle of professional solidarity, which provides for the existence of insurance funds managed in the parity principles by employees and entrepreneurs. They accumulate social deductions from wages from which they are produced insurance payments. The financing of such systems is usually not carried out from the state budget, since the principle of budgetary versatility is opposite to such a model of social protection. However B. modern conditions The existence of a social state in Europe with its extensive network of social programs, this model of social protection is usually not always based on this principle. Therefore, for low-income members of society, which are not able to obtain insurance social benefits for a number of reasons (for example, due to the lack of necessary insurance experience), national solidarity is implemented through social assistance systems. In this case, we can talk about auxiliary mechanisms that are deviations from the main logic of the Bismarkkovskaya model. Despite the existence of the principle of the obligation of social insurance (for example, in Germany, the obligation of social insurance was prescribed by law), it is not fully respected. This is due to the existence of marginal payroll levels, above which belonging to social insurance modes is not mandatory (only voluntary insurance), or limiting deductions (in this case, within the framework of compulsory social insurance, the deductions are made only within the marginal wages, and social benefits Calculate in relation to this level). Thus, the basis of this model is the principle of actuarial justice, when the amount of insurance payments is determined primarily by the magnitude of insurance premiums. At the time of birth in Germany at the end of the XIX century. The German social protection system reproduced this particular model. To date, the significant development of a system of social assistance (under construction under the principle of subscription, not insurance) leads to the modification of this model and an increase in the share of budget financing of social protection.

Anglo-Saxon model (Bewerja model) Presented in Europe of Great Britain and Ireland. It is based on the report of the English economist W. Bereterjez, submitted by the Government of Great Britain in 1942. The ideas of Keynes have provided a significant impact on the ideas of compounds that the dynamics of social production and employment are determined by the factors of solvent demand, and therefore the redistribution of income in the interests of social groups receiving lower incomes can increase the money supply of mass buyers. The model is based on the following principles: the principle of universality (versatility) system of social protection - distributing it to all citizens in need of material assistance; The principle of uniformity and unification social services and payments, which is expressed in the same amount of pensions, benefits and medical care, as well as the conditions for their provision.

The principle of distribution justice is the fundamental in this model, since in this case it is not about professional (as in the case of the Bismarck model), but on national solidarity. Financing of such social protection systems are made both at the expense of insurance premiums and from taxation funds. Thus, funding family benefits and health care is carried out from the state budget, and other social benefits - at the expense of insurance premiums of employees and employers. Unlike continental, this model includes social insurance with sufficiently low social payments and social assistance, which in this system plays a dominant role.

Scandinavian social protection model Characteristic to Denmark, Sweden and Finland. Social protection in it is understood as legal right citizen. A distinctive feature of the Scandinavian model is a wide coverage of various social risks and life situations that require the support of society. Receiving social services and payments are usually guaranteed to all residents of the country and is not due to employment and payment of insurance premiums. In general, the level of social security offered by this model is quite high. Not least this is achieved through an active redistribution policy aimed at leveling income. Necessary prerequisite The functioning of this model is a highly organized society, based on the commitment of the principles of the institutional society of well-being.

The financing of social protection systems relating to this model is carried out mainly at the expense of taxation, although the insurance premiums of entrepreneurs and employees play a certain role. The only part of social protection allocated from common system is unemployment insurance, which is voluntary and managed by trade unions. Until recently, hiring was practically freed from the payment of insurance premiums and participated in the social protection system by paying taxes. However, in the last decade of the XX century. There was a tendency to gradually increase the participation of employees in financing insurance programs and increasing insurance deductions from wages. The same trend is traced towards entrepreneurs, while the social spending of the state in recent years has noticeably decreased.

South European model Social protection is represented in Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal. Only in recent decades under the influence of socio-economic and structural changes in these states, social protection systems were created or improved. Unlike the previous ones, this model can be interpreted rather as developing, transitional, and therefore not having a clear organization. That is why "Rudimentaryness" of this model is noted as its main features of various Western researchers. As a rule, the level of social security, characteristic of this model, relatively low, and the task of social protection is considered often as concern relatives and families. Therefore, the family and other civil society institutions play not the last role here, and social policy is mainly passive and focused on compensation for losses in the income of certain categories of citizens. A characteristic feature of this model is also the asymmetric structure of social spending. So, in Italy, this manifests itself in the fact that the largest part of social expenditures is pension provision (14.7% of GDP at the Middle Eastern level - 12.5%), while the support of family, motherhood, education and employment policies are spent relatively minor means (about 1%).

The formation of modern social protection systems is associated with the process of industrialization, strengthening state regulation of social processes, complication of the socio-demographic structure of society. The peak of the development of social protection systems is 1960-1970, when many states have assumed high liabilities to ensure social protection of the population. This was facilitated by the accelerated rates of economic growth, strengthening the role of the state in socio-economic processes, the design of the theory of "social state". Subsequent economic crises changed the situation as a result of which in 1980 - 1990. There were the main problems of the modern stage of development of social protection systems. They were caused by a number of reasons for a demographic, political and economic nature. By the 1980s, the tendency to expand social protection has exhausted its capabilities, approaching thresholds.

Principles of social protection

Social protection is based on the following principles:

- Social partnership - Practical social problems The state decides together with interested bodies and organizations.

- Economic justice -socio-economic support for those who cannot participate in economic relations on objective reasons.

- Adaptability -the ability of a social protection system to self-development and self-improvement.

- The priority of state began -the state acts as a guarantor of ensuring a social and acceptable standard of living to those who cannot achieve this independently.

- Preventiveness of social protection measures -forecasting and prevention of social risks at the regional level for more efficient elimination, in particular, by a flexible combination of paid and free services.

Objects of social protection

The federal and regional legislation allocates the following categories of the population protected by those or other legal acts, since they will be in hard life situation :

• citizens of elderly lonely and lonely living;
• disabled people of the Great Patriotic War and the families of the dead servicemen;
• disabled, including disabled since childhood, and disabled children;
• citizens affected by the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP and radioactive emissions in other places;
• unemployed;
• forced refugees and migrants;
• children are orphans, children who are left without parental and families in which they live;
• children with deviant behavior;
• low-income families;
• large families;
• lonely mothers;
• citizens infected with HIV or AIDS patients;
• persons without a certain place of residence.

For these categories social protection It is considered as a system of permanent or long-term measures guaranteed by the state, providing conditions for overcoming a difficult life situation. These measures are aimed at creating protected categories of the population of equals with other citizens participation opportunities in society. They include social assistance and social support.

Social help - Periodic or regular events that contribute to the elimination or decrease in a difficult life situation.

In accordance with Art. 1 ФЗ №178-ФЗ dated July 17, 1999, under state social assistance it is understood to provide to poor families or lonely living citizens at the expense of the budget of social benefits, subsidies, compensation or vital goods. The face is recognized as a person if his monthly income is less than the subsistence minimum set in the subject.

Benefit - It is free of money presented. It is insecious. That is, his recipient can dispose of money at its discretion. Payment of benefits - auxiliary measure, its goal is to support a person, and not fully provide it with material means.

Unlike a manual, subsidy It has a targeted purpose, and represents the payment of material goods or services provided to citizens.

Compensation - This is the compensation to citizens of expenses produced by them, and not any of those defined arbitrarily in their needs, but established by the state. The appointment and payment of benefits and compensation also carries out the relevant departments of the territorial social protection bodies of the population.

Social support - Disposable or episodic events of short-term nature, not directly oriented to eliminate social problems, but contributing to its decrease.

All disabled and socially vulnerable layers and population groups, social protection provides advantage of the benefits of use of public funds consumption, direct social assistance, tax reducing. Social protection not only has a pronounced targeted orientation, but also differs by the variety of its methods and forms, is complex. Along with social security, various forms of social assistance and support are used, including various forms of social services, counseling and psychological assistance.

Social protection guarantees equal opportunities for life support at the expense of personal labor deposit, economic independence and entrepreneurship.

Principles of social protection declared a number of regulatory acts.

The leading principle of social protection is social justiceIn accordance with which all members of society are provided with equestrous social benefits and guarantees.

Address in social protectionit is a means of providing social justice, as it takes into account the individual difficult life situation of a particular person. The criteria for providing targeted social assistance are:

The contingent of protected people in legislative practice is limited by those categories of the population, which are completely or partially deprived of the ability to work and self-sufficiency. Addressable assistance in need is provided in accordance with social criteria. Criteria are based on social standards, which are scientifically based indicators of the level of consumption of essential goods and services, the amount of money income and other data characterizing the conditions of human life.

The principle of economic efficiency organizes on a positive ratio of social protection costs and its socio-economic effect. Social spending should be in such a relationship so that the receipt of the benefit has become preferable to wages. The deductions to the financing of the social sphere should relate to all the economic indicators, including GDP, the Fund of Labor Department, income of the population, etc.

Based on the principle of a comprehensive approach, the tasks of supporting marginal layers and stabilizing economic and social development are most effectively solved - the leading goals of social policy. Comprehensiveness is ensured by the coordination and consistency of the actions of the subjects of social policy, the unity of the goals and directions of their activities.

Principle of social partnershipfocusing on the decision of practical social problems by the state together with the business, public organizations, representatives of various levels and branches of government.

Principle of solidarityThe essence of which is to redistribute income from some socio-demographic groups to others.

The principle of adaptabilityit assumes the ability of a system of social protection to self-development and self-improvement.

The principle of economic justiceit is to protect all participants in labor activity by maintaining the balance of wages between budget organizations and the subjects of market relations. This principle is implemented in two forms: fair sharing and fair distribution. Social justice involves the socio-economic support for those who cannot participate in economic relations on objective reasons (disabled people, children, teenagers, students, pregnant women, mother-in-law, etc.) or disability in various circumstances.

The principle of government priority beganit assumes that the state should act as a guarantor of the economic provision of a social and acceptable standard of living for those who cannot achieve this on their own.

Principle of economic independencelocal authorities allocate the role of local authorities. Social benefits and other payments at the federal level are guaranteed in a minimal amount. All payments over this level are made from the local budget and local funds so that the population of the region and its administration is interested in the development of the economy of its own region.

The right of the preventiveness of social measures is protected by the opportunity to predict social risks at the regional level to more effectively eliminate them. Warning of social risks is carried out by different mechanisms (for example, in case of loss of work - employment assistance). The combination of paid and free services allows you to satisfy a wide range of social needs of people.

Social law allocates a numbersubjects of social responsibility for the quality of life of the population.

The most important subject of social protection of the population is a state that develops and performs socio-plantations. It provides the minimum level of social guarantees, creates conditions for the life of people, develops legal basis Social protection and organizes the work of uncommittent state social insurance funds.

Public organizations actively influence the promotion of social security of citizens. 49% of non-profit organizations refer to the category of public associations and carry out their activities in the social sphere.

The role of employers in the social protection system of the population is increasing, which is associated with the development of the domestic economy. Successful enterprises and firms that have significant financial resources are increasingly providing their employees with additional social benefits: pay for recreation, treatment, issuing long-term interest-free loans, food, transport payment .

The modern concept of social protection comes from the fact that it should not be reduced to free help. The main subject of social protection of working-age citizens is a person who realizes its needs and interests in the field of socio-labor relations.

Social security tools are:

Regulatory limitations that do not allow the consequences of market mechanisms to achieve a socially dangerous level. To this end, the state regulates the minimum level of wages, guarantees the minimum allowable tax rates, guarantees minimal free education and medical care;

System of social stimulants in the form of benefits, subsidies, installments, free or partially paid services and stimulation of benefactors.

Accounting for the results of a comprehensive analysis of the level of social and economic conditions of living in need of supporting groups of the population;

Organization of pension provision of citizens, including the creation of a non-governmental pension system;

Development of measures for the material and consumer services of disabled and other citizens in need of social protection;

Creation of an address, differentiated system of support for state and charitable basis;

Organization and introduction of new forms and types of natural care, humanitarian, technical, extreme assistance.

Structure of social protection bodies

The structure of social protection bodies of the population consists of the following elements:

• The state represented by its representative and executive bodies operating at the federal, regional and local levels. They formulate a general concept, determine the main directions of social policy, its strategy, tactics, provide a legislative, legal framework, implement specific locations.
• The structures of the emerging civil society (public associations, organizations, enterprises, firms).
• Of great importance in solving social problems of certain categories of the population is acquired by social activities carried out within the framework of enterprises, firms; The activity of political, trade union and public associations, charitable and voluntary organizations. They implement social policies in the relatively narrow limits that correspond to their competencies. The management of the state system of social protection depends on the level on which it is implemented.

For management, control is created by a single system of executive bodies in the field of social protection, which is formed by the Office of Social Protection and the enterprises, institutions, organizations, territorial bodies.

An important goal in improving this system is to establish sustainable, ordered links between all its levels and institutions of social infrastructure, ensuring its operation.

At the federal level, the management of a social protection system is carried out by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation (see: www.rosmintrud.ru).

The management of social insurance system is carried out with the help of specialized funds: pension, social insurance fund and compulsory medical insurance fund.

At the regional level, the Office is carried out by the executive authorities of the subject of the Federation. Thus, in Moscow, the functions of the state policy in the field of social protection of citizens carry out the metropolitan department of social protection of the population (see: Regulations on the Department on the site www.dszn.ru).

Department, subordinate enterprises, institutions, organizations, as well as territorial social protection bodies of the population form a single state system Social protection of the population, providing state support for families, senior citizens, veterans and disabled people, persons dismissed from military service, and members of their families, the development of social services system, the implementation of state policy in the field of pension provision and labor relations.

At the local, level is most often the management of social protection of the population under the district administration. Consider the management structure in Mytischi Moscow region:

MANAGMENT STRUCTURE:

District Department of Social Protection of the Population They are territorial structural divisions of regional ministries or social protection departments and implement social protection functions against the population of a particular municipality.

Understanding the peculiarities of the organizational structure of social protection bodies is necessary for the church social worker in view of what he can, save strength and time, directly to refer to the competent specialist to permit a specific problem. The complexity of studying this topic is that each region of the system of bodies and institutions forms independently and even the regional authority that manages the entire social sphere may be called completely differently, which complicates the understanding of the functions and objectives of these bodies. So, if in Moscow is the Department of Social Protection of the Population, then in the Leningrad Region is the Committee of Social Protection of the Population, the Ministry of Social Policy - in the Sverdlovsk Region, Committee social security - in the Kursk region.

Organizational and legal forms of social protection of the population

Nesterova G.F.

Leading organizational and legal forms Social protection of the population are:

The right to social security is one of the main socio-economic rights of the population: "Everyone is guaranteed social security in cases of illness, disability, loss of the breadwinner, to raise children and in other cases established by law" (Constitution of the Russian Federation, Art. 39).

Pension provision guarantees the constitutional right of citizens to ensure in old age, in case of illness, disability, the loss of the breadwinner, to raise children and in other cases established by law. Relations in Russia are governed by laws "On government pensions in the Russian Federation" and "On labor pensions "Dated December 17, 2001. The grounds for providing labor pensions are insurance risks: Achievement of the age of disability, the offensive of disability, loss of the breadwinner. The grounds for state pension provision are different, for example, the achievement of seniorid experience. Legislation subdivides pensions: labor pensions in old age, for disability, on the occasion of the loss of the breadwinner; State pensions participants in the Second World War, military personnel and members of their families, civil servants for long service and allocate pensions to disabled citizens who are not entitled to labor pensions (social pensions). In accordance with the legislation, pensions are divided into state and labor. Citizens who do not have any reasons for retirement in connection with labor and other socially useful activities are established, a social pension is established. Pensions are subject to indexation due to an increase in the cost of living in accordance with the procedure established by law.

The right to work retirement by age with an experience of at least 5 years have men at the achievement of 60 years, women at the achievement of 55 years. Certain categories of workers (miners, military) pensions are prescribed on preferential terms (at shorter and work experience).

The main criterion for the conditions and norms of pension provision is the work and its results.Pension legislation provides citizens' right to choose one of the types of pension. The exception is established only for persons with disabilities due to military injury, which can simultaneously receive two types of pension: in old age and disability. Pension working retirees is paid in full, and also provides for a premium for each worked year. Certain rules have been established for the recalculation of other types of pensions.

The circle of persons receiving a social pension includes: disabled people, including disabled since childhood; Children under the age of 18, who have lost one or both parents, citizens who have reached retirement age. Social pension does not depend on the participation of citizens in social useful work and is set in a size that depends on the minimum labor pension and is charged in a certain relation.

Financing of pension payments is carried out by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (FIU). The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation was established in 1990 with the aim of government finances of pension provision in the Russian Federation.The FIU is an independent financial and credit institution and is managed by the Government of the Russian Federation. The insurance premium rate to the Pension Fund is determined by the Federal Law. Funds of pension fund are formed due to:

• insurance premiums of employers
• insurance premiums of citizens engaged in individual business activities;
• insurance contributions of other categories of working citizens;
• assignments from the federal budget.

Non-state pension funds are valid independently of the state pension system. Payment of these funds is carried out along with the payments of state pensions. Non-state pension provision can be carried out both in the form of additional professional programs and in the form of personal pension insurance of citizens.

An important step in the implementation of the concept was the adoption of the Federal Law "On Individual (personalized) accounting in the system of state retirement insurance". Additional pension provision carry out non-state pension funds (NPF);

According to the Federal Pension Fund of Russia, according to the results of 2011, the replacement coefficient of the pension of the lost earnings (the indicator of the ratio of the average retirement with the size of wages was 20%.

According to international standards, replacement coefficient up to 20% is considered a gross violation of citizen's pension rights. Convention International Organization Labor number 102 requires that this indicator be at no lower than 40%. Russia This document has not yet ratified.

Important legal form social protection of the population is the law "On State Social Assistance", which regulates state social assistance to low-income citizens and families at the expense of regional budgets and monthly cash payments (EVER) at the expense of the federal budget and "social packages" for certain categories of the population included in federal registry. The social support system of the population on this law is based on regional budgets. The right to obtain one-time state social assistance under this law is provided by particularly needy retirees, disabled people, other disabled citizens who have a cumulative average income does not exceed the minimum established at the regional level.

The financial source of social welfare is the current income of the participants of the social production, carried out through taxation (income tax) and targeted contributions of employers and employees. These taxes and contributions, in addition to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation form a social insurance fund, which is the financial basis for social insurance allowances.

The objects of state social insurance are temporarily economically inactive population.

Social insurance acts as an institution for the protection of the economically active population from the risks of income loss(salary) due to disability(illness, accident, old age) or jobs.

As social insurance risks allocated:

• the need to receive medical care;
• temporary disability;
• labor injury and occupational disease;
• motherhood;
• disability;
• the occurrence of old age;
• loss of the breadwinner;
• recognition unemployed;
• the death of the insured person or disabled members of his family on his dependence.

The main task of the Social Insurance Fund- providing guaranteed benefitsaccording to temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child, care for the child upon reaching the age of one and a half years, for the burial, on sanatorium-resort treatment and improving workers and their family members.

The formation of a modern social insurance system is based on the adoption of a number of laws: "On medical insurance of citizens in the Russian Federation" (1993), "On employment of the population in the Russian Federation" (1991), "On the basics of compulsory social insurance" (1999), " On compulsory social insurance against accidents at the production and occupational diseases "(1998)," On compulsory pension insurance in the Russian Federation "(2001).

Currently, there are two forms of social insurance: compulsory (according to the law for insurance entities - public) and voluntary. Typical views of social insurance are pension, medical, insurance against industrial accidents.

State Pension Insurance- the type of insurance carried out by contributions by employers and workers to provide citizens with labor pensions in old age, disability, on the occasion of the loss of the breadwinner.

The Law "On Medical Insurance of Citizens in the Russian Federation" identified the legal, economic and organizational foundations of this Institute for Social Protection. Purpose of medical insurance- guarantee citizens when insurance case Obtaining medical care through accumulated funds.In accordance with the law, medical insurance is presented by two species:

• compulsory;
• voluntary.

Mandatory medical insurance is universal for the population of the Russian Federation and is implemented in accordance with the programs that guarantee the volume and conditions for the provision of medical care to citizens.

Voluntary medical insurance is carried out on the basis of programs to provide citizens with excess of compulsory health insurance programs on the basis of payment services by citizens or organizations.

In accordance with the law, funds for compulsory medical insurance (insurance fees) are concentrated in federal and territorial (regional) compulsory health insurance funds. Mandatory medical insurance is thus ensured by a system of funds consisting of the federal fund and territorial compulsory health insurance funds in the subjects of the Federation. The insurance rate of contributions to compulsory medical insurance paid by employers and other payers is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 41) identifies minimal social guarantees in the field of health. To assess the minimum admissible level of meeting needs for medical care, the provision of doctors, hospital beds, outpatient facilities per 1000 inhabitants in the region are used.

New entities appear in the health care system - insurance medical organizations that choose medical institutions and pay for therapeutic and preventive assistance provided to the insured persons. Since 1993, compulsory medical insurance has entered the Social Insurance System of Russia, the financing of which in the form of payment of contributions is carried out by most employers of all forms of ownership, as well as the state directly from the budget. Medical insurance began to be considered as the most adequate market economy. Health care system, improving quality medical services.

Insurance premiums of most enterprises account for 26% of the wage fund, the size of contributions by separate species Social insurance against accrued labor payment is:

• to the Pension Fund - 19%;
• the social insurance fund is 3.4%;
• the compulsory medical insurance fund is 3.6%.

As state minimum standardsin the field of remuneration are set:

• minimum wage (minimum wage);
• subsistence minimum for the working-age population.

The minimum social guarantees in the field of wages will not be valid until the economic function of salaries will be restored. In terms of social protection, it is important because the salary is not only economic, but also moral, designed to provide a certain social status.

One of the important aspects of minimal social guarantees is guarantees of unemployment protection. In solving this problem, two parties: the creation of economic conditions for maximum employment and self-employment of the population - on the one hand and state support - on the other hand. State employment facilitation programs are sent to reduce unemployment, annually adopted by the government, as well as the implementation of the Federal Target Program for the Creation of Jobs.

The state guarantees unemployed:

• payment of unemployment benefits;
• assistance in finding suitable work
• payment of scholarships during the period of training, advanced training, retraining in the direction of employment bodies;
• the possibility of participation in paid public works and temporary work.

Unemployment benefit is provided from regional budgets, it is paid during the year of unemployment, subject to active search for suitable work through the employment center and equal to the subsistence minimum for this subject's subject in the first 4 months of unemployment (it is reduced).

An important link of social protection of the population is the legislatively compulsory employment programs, retraining and housing, directed primarily to young people.

Vocational training or retraining and socio-psychological preparations for entering the role of economically independent taxpayers are offered to stimulate the economic independence of young people. This policy leads not only to a decrease in the number of unemployed, but also to other positive effects. To reduce the number of unemployed, the "income policy", credit and monetary policy is also actively used.

Thus, social protection is carried out at the expense of federal, regional budgets, specially created extrabudgetary social funds. Its comprehensive nature can be presented, for example, a system of measures for social protection of disabled people:

Activities for social protection of persons with disabilities can be divided as follows:

Social service

One of the leading organizational and legal forms of social protection of the population is social service. Social service is the activities of social services for social support, the provision of social and domestic, socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, the social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in a difficult life situation.

The relevant sector of social law is represented by two federal laws. FZ "On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation" from 10.12.95 No. 195-FZ is a framework, providing general concepts about the content, concept and organization of social services system. Federal Law "On the Social Services of the Elderly and Disabled Citizens" of 02.08.95 No. 122-FZ clarifies, in addition to regulating private issues of servicing the target category of persons, a number of concepts and mechanisms for social services. There are also 26 national social service standards. These regulatory acts include, for example, GOST R 52495-2005 "Social service of the population. The main terms and definitions ", GOST R 52143-2003" Social service of the population. Main types of social services », GOST R 52142-2003" Social service of the population. Quality of social services, "GOST R 52496-2005" Social service of the population. Quality control of social services. Basic provisions ", GOST R 52497-2005" Social service of the population. The quality system of social service institutions ", GOST R 52883-2007" Social service of the population. Requirements for personnel of social service institutions. "

These standards are essentially technical and do not give fundamental legal norms. They define basic requirements for the volume, quality and forms of social services.

The state guarantees citizens the right to social service in the state system of social services in the main types of service defined by law.

The law applies the following basic concepts (as amended by Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-ФЗ):

1) social services - enterprises and institutions regardless of the forms of ownership, providing social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in social services without the formation of a legal entity;

2) a social service client - a citizen who is in a difficult life situation, in connection with this social services are provided;

3) social services - actions to provide certain categories of citizens in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the Customer of the Social Service of Assistance provided for by this Federal Law;

4) a difficult life situation - the situation, objectively violating the vital activity of a citizen (disability, inability to self-service due to old age, disease, orphans, hopelessness, low-cost, unemployment, lack of a certain place of residence, conflicts and ill-treatment in the family, loneliness and the like ), which he cannot overcome independently.

Social service is carried out on the basis of a citizen's statement, his guardian, trustee, another legal Representative, public authority, body local governments, public association. Every citizen has the right to receive free information about opportunities, types, procedures and conditions of social services in the State Social Services System.

Foreign citizens and stateless persons enjoy the same legal entity in the Russian Federation as citizens of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

In the Constitution of the Russian Federation, there are no direct indications of social services except explanation that in the Russian Federation, both in the social state, the system of social services is developing (Article 7 of Part 2). Considering the basic principles of social services, formulated in Art. 5 of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services of the Population in the Russian Federation":

1) targeting;

2) availability;

3) voluntary;

4) humanity;

5) the priority of providing social services to minors in a difficult life situation;

6) confidentiality;

7) Preventive orientation, it should be noted that they are not based on civil law, and a certain block of norms that have an analogy with the provisions of the Universal Declaration of 1948 are introduced, as they are human rights recorded by the Declaration. Such principles include accessibility, voluntary, humanity, confidentiality. Unfortunately, the law does not decipher the specific implementation of these principles in the form of articles. In part, their implementation is presented in Articles 7, 9, 11,12,15 FZ "On the social services of elderly and disabled citizens." Thus, for example, the principle of confidentiality, which is devoted to Art. 11 "Confidentiality of Information". At the same time, the mechanism for implementing the principle of availability is very vague, and there is no direct indication of it in any article of both laws. About the voluntary service says in Art. 7, 9, 12, but exceptions from this rule are given in Art. 15. Separate moments of the implementation of the principle of humanity can be obtained in Art. 7, 12 and some other articles of the Federal Law "On the Social Services of Elderly and Disabled Citizens", but a single and consistent mechanism is not submitted.

System of social services includes state, municipal and non-governmental services. The state social service includes institutions and enterprises of social services, the executive authorities of the Russian Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation, whose competence of the organization and social services are transferred. The municipal social service includes institutions and social services enterprises, local self-service bodies, whose competence includes the organization and implementation of social services. The non-governmental social service includes institutions and social services enterprises created by charitable, public, religious and other non-governmental organizations and individuals.

TO types of social services relate:

The forms provided by social services services are determined by state standards:

• Material aid ( cash, food, industrial goods, vehicles, special equipment, prosthetic and orthopedic products, medicines, fuel, etc.).
• Help at home (fulfillment of household services, care for children, medical and social assistance and other services).
• Permanent service in hospital (meal, socio-domestic security, health care, medical, labor rehabilitation, leisure organization).
• Consultative assistance.
• Providing a temporary shelter.
• Organization of day stay in social service institutions.

A person in a difficult life situation can receive social assistance in the event of an appeal to social service. Social institutions are obliged to check the conformity of the parameters of the life situation applied regulatoryly prescribed requirements for the recipient of social assistance.

The current social service system in Russia currently is territorial in nature, that is, as close as possible to the population.

Management of social services are carried out by territorial (regional and district) bodies of social protection of the population, which build their activities in cooperation with health authorities, education, culture, physical education and sports, law enforcement agencies, public services for the affairs of youth, employment services, as well as public and religious organizations.

Financing of social services is carried out on a budget basis and consists of:

• regulatory deductions from the budgets of the relevant level (subject entitle or municipal) in the amount of at least 2% of the budget expenditure;
• funds from the federal budget to perform individual tasks;
• finance as a result of the redistribution of funds between committees and services of various levels for the implementation of regional, urban and district programs;
• additional funds from the regional and local budget to ensure the target measures to adapt the income of the population to the increase in life value;
• income from paid services and from economic activities;
• charitable donations and contributions of enterprises, public organizations and individuals, revenues from charitable shares.

State social standards regulate social services that ensure the most important needs of a person: social and domestic; social and psychological; socio-legal; socio-pedagogical; Socio-medical and other needs of citizens.

In art. 25 FZ "On the Fundamentals of Social Services in the Russian Federation" emphasizes that the effectiveness of social services activities provide specialists who have a vocational education that meets the requirements and nature of work performed, experience in social services and those inclined to provide social services. In art. 36 FZ "On social services for the elderly and disabled citizens" identified the rights of social workers employed in the state and municipal sectors:

• work on the terms of employment contract (contract);
• free preventive inspection and examination upon admission to work and free dispensary observation in state and municipal healthcare institutions due to relevant budget allocations;
• protection of professional honor, dignity and business reputation, including judicial order;
• obtaining qualification certificates and licenses for professional activities in social services;
• free receipt of residential area and housing and communal services If they live in rural areas or urban-type settlement, in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In addition, social workers have the right to ensure overalls, shoes and inventors or receiving cash compensation for their acquisition, extraordinary service of trade, catering, life, free public transport, the priority of the phone.

A number of factors restrain the development of a network of social services:

• problems associated with the mechanism of monitoring the volume and quality of social services provided;
• shortage in the social sphere of competent, educated specialists;
• imperfection of the regulatory and legislative framework;
• insufficient financing of some projects;
• insufficient public awareness of the activities of social services;
• low social status and inadequate salary of social workers;
• low public awareness of the activities of social services;
• lack of widespread participation in the formation of a state order for the volume of services to the population in terms of social services to all sectors of social partnership: government bodies, local government bodies, business and association of entrepreneurs and non-commercial organizations.

Non-state social services are more competitive and in terms of the quality of alleged services and their prices. The role of religious social organizations is constantly increasing, as they take care of the elderly, dependent people, children who are left without parental care.

Characteristics of modern social services

Currently creation networks of various social services In order to provide assistance to various groups of the population is close to completion. This means that many social problems have the organizational and legal and financial framework defined by law. On the one hand, it turns out that the crystallization of bureaucratic structures in social work is close to completion. On the other hand, to meet the requirements of changing reality, social services must respond flexibly to new problems, increasing the number of functions of available services or creating new, specialized.

The tendency to create the maximum economical territorial network of social services covering its activities all the problematic categories of the population has led to design and implementation. modular system Services. In this system, each service consists of departments modulesSpecialized in providing social assistance to a certain category of population. Depending on the problems of the service area, the structure of the social service institution is formed as a set of departments-modules that are most adequately responsible for local social needs.

The most wide range of modules have comprehensive social service centers of the population (KCSON). They may contain up to 13 compartments:

• Organizational-methodical department Directed on macrosocial events. Conducts social monitoring of the territory of service, it constitutes its "social passport". Forecasts social processes and offers measures to improve social protection of the territory of the territory. Introduces advanced forms and types of social assistance. Develops and distributes methodological materials on social protection issues. Informs the population through the media about the activities of Kzson.
• Advisory department He advises on social service issues, on issues of vocational guidance, education and employment of persons with disabilities. Promotes the decision of the legal problems within the competence of the social protection bodies of the population, provides socio-psychological consulting, has emergency psychological assistance on the "Phone Trust".
• Department of Urgent Social Services Provides in a crisis situation, one-time help of free hot nutrition or food sets, clothing, footwear and other essentials, monetary benefits to maintain vital activity. Provides psychological, prefigured medical and social and legal assistance. Contributes to the receipt of temporary residential premises.
• Department of commercial service of low-income citizens Provides essential goods at discounted prices of low-income citizens sent by the department of urgent social services.
• Department of Psychological and Pedagogical Aid Family and Children Dysfunctional families patronas, promotes the education of children, learning family members to a healthy lifestyle, maintaining mental and physical health, resolving family conflicts. Conducts a survey of personality, analysis of behavior to determine the tactics of psychological and pedagogical care. Diagnoses psychophysical, intellectual and emotional development of a child, his inclination and ability. Corrects distortions of development and violation of communication in children, inadequate emotional reactions and stereotypes of behavior, conflict relationships of parents with children, deviant parental attitudes in the upbringing of children, violation of married relations. Conducts trainings for removal of anxiety and stress, overcoming inadequate forms of behavior. Organizes the activities of groups of mutual assistance, clubs of communication, conducts seminars, round tables, conversations on family and childhood issues.
• Department of assistance to women in difficult life situations Patrones women with problems of physical and mental health or subjects of psychophysical violence. Conducts work to increase the stress resistance and psychological culture of women in the field of interpersonal, family and parental communication. Promotes the creation of a favorable microclimate in the family, overcoming violations of married and inthyreasonal relations. Provides social and psychological assistance in adapting to socio-economic conditions of life.
• Department of prevention of the neglect of children and adolescents Patrones dezadapted children prone to asocial actions. Provides social assistance to orphans and children who remain without parental care. Recalls the causes of social disadaptation. Conducts psychological and medical and pedagogical diagnosis of forms and deadaptation degree. Forms individual and group social rehabilitation programs. Attracts for their implementation, correctional children's institutions, institutions of additional education, the social sphere. Controls by families of correctional rehabilitation activities at home.
• Department of day stay of children and adolescents Implements the programs of their social rehabilitation in semi-stationary conditions. Creates rehabilitation groups of 5-10 people in the time-free time on group programs, taking into account individual rehabilitation programs. Provides medical and social and psychological assistance, conducts training sessions and a circle work, promotes active leisure, provides groups with hot nutrition and conditions for daytime sleep.
• Department of rehabilitation of children and adolescents with limited physical and mental capabilities Carries out the psychological and social, socio-pedagogical, socio-medical, socio-household, social and labor abbilitation in the conditions of the daytime stay. He teaches parents to methods of upbringing and abillation. Creates conditions for the implementation of individual programs in conjunction with other social institutions in their free time. Organizes leisure and extracurricular education, depending on age and health status. He teaches self-service skills, behavior, self-control, communication. Conducts career guidance, labor and game therapy. Interact with parents for the purpose of continuity of abbilitation events and adaptation of children in the family. He advises families, including on socio-legal issues. Provides clients with hot nutrition and the possibility of day sleep.
• Department of Social Services at the House of Elderly and Disabled Citizens Provides socially domestic assistance to people who partly lost the ability to self-service in order to extend them in the usual habitat and maintaining their social, psychological and physical status. Depending on the nature and degree of need, socially-household, advisory and psychological and social services are provided to the federal list of social services guaranteed by the state, as well as, at their request, additional social services.
• Specialized branch of socio-medical care at the house of citizens of the elderly age and disabled Provides homework social and domestic services, prefiguration medical and medical and social assistance to people who have lost their self-service ability and having chronic diseases. The qualified care and moral and psychological support of customers and members of their families, teaches relatives to the skills of patient care, is observing the state of health, warns the exacerbations of diseases. Other services: Sanitary and hygienic care (rubbing, kneading, hygienic baths, nail haircuts, having to change, linen) Measurement of temperature and pressure, compresses, dressings, processing of beds and wounds, feeding of weak patients, Taking samples for laboratory tests, doctor call To the house, support of customers in medical institutions and visiting them during hospitalization.
• Department of day stay of citizens of elderly and disabled Provides social, socio-psychological, household, sociocultural services to people who preserved the ability to self-service, attracts them to satisfying work and maintain an active lifestyle. Conducts social and rehabilitation activities in the form of restorative therapeutic groups and groups on the development of communication skills, medical and wellness physical education, work therapy, lectures, excursions, individual socio-psychological counseling.
• Department of temporary residence of elderly citizens and disabled Organizes the conditions of stay, approximate to the home, provides social and rehabilitation services for single people, fully or partially preserved the ability to self-service and free movement. Calculates treatment: adapting customers to new living conditions, restoring their personal and social status using correctional and rehabilitation methods similar to those used in the division of the daytime stay of these categories of citizens. Provides socially-house, socio-medical, social and advisory assistance.

Center for Social Assistance Family and Children Contains modules aimed at working with these categories of the population, including:

• advisory department
• department of Urgent Social Services
• department of Psychological and Pedagogical Aid
• department of assistance to women in difficult life situations
• department of prevention of neglect of minors
• department of daily stay of minors
• department of Rehabilitation Minors with limited physical and mental capabilities

This set is complemented department of reception of citizenscarrying out acceptance, identifying the needs of children and families living in the territory of service, send them to the relevant branches of the Center, the creation of a data bank on appeals to the center and stationary compartment, implementing the social rehabilitation programs of disadapted children in a temporary hospital. Directions and forms of work in this branch are similar to the activities of the division of the daytime stay of children and adolescents. As a structural division of the center can be organized social shelter for children and adolescentsworking as a temporary hospital for social rehabilitation programs and making orphans and children who are left without parental care.

Social service centers Citizens of elderly and disabled citizens and consist of relevant modules:

Socio-rehabilitation centers for minors Specialize in social rehabilitation of dezadapted children, or on the rehabilitation of children with limited physical and mental capabilities. Both forms of centers consist of compartments with standard functions:

Social shelters for children and adolescents - Temporary hospitals, in which children-orphans and children remaining without parental care live to their final device. In accordance with the objectives, objectives and state of children, they may consist of the following units:

Centers of psychological and pedagogical assistance to the population Provides social and psychological, socio-pedagogical and psychotherapeutic assistance to families with children. It measures measures to increase the stress resistance and psychological culture, the prevention of the deviant forms of the behavior of family members, the psychological and social correction of violations of the development of children and conflict relationships of parents with children. He advises on the development of children, the formation of marital and family relations. Provides help families in raising children, training family members with a healthy lifestyle, maintaining physical and mental health. Organizes the activities of mutual assistance groups, communication clubs, telephone of emergency psychological assistance.

Emergency psychological centers by phone Differentiate activities on the features of the service category of the population. Depending on it, the services of the "child in danger" are allocated, "a woman in danger", "man in danger."

Crisis Centers for Women There are branches of the Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children who specialize in providing assistance to women in a crisis situation and on the maintenance of work may include

Social assistance centers at home They are part of social services centers, which specializes in the supervisory socio-domestic and socio-medical care of the elderly and disabled citizens. Their composition includes:

Social homes for lonely elderly Designed for free residence of single-elderly people and marital couples, subject to the preservation of their independence and providing them with psychological and social and social assistance. Apartment houses of hotel-corridor type, where customers live, who gave their homes to the state in exchange for one- or two-room apartment in the house. Nursing posts are on duty on the floors, the Halls are designed for assembly and circle. Lower floors are occupied by medical and social, social and rehabilitation and other services of the division and service of life, including dining room, laundry, mail, etc. So that the client satisfy his needs without leaving the house if it is difficult for him to walk. The house has:

• organizational and methodical department
• consultative department.

Department of Psychological and Pedagogical Aid Conducting restoration T-groups and groups on the development of communication skills, organizes mug and sociocultural work, mutual assistance groups.

Gerontological centers Social, socio-rehabilitation, social and advisory work with elderly citizens at their place of residence are carried out. Contain:

• organizational and methodical department
• advisory department
• department of Medical and Social Rehabilitation
• department of day stay.

Social service department at home, specialized socio-medical care at home and stationary compartment Entered into the structure of the Center, if the Territorial Center for Social Services or KCSon cannot in a timely manner in relation to the elderly citizens.

Stationary social service institutions (boarding houses) Assist citizens who, for various reasons, cannot serve themselves and use the departure from relatives and family members. In their structure besides organizational-methodical and stationary Departments include medical workshopswhere customers are own willing work, mastering various labor skills, and departments of social rehabilitation, combining elements of the main and additional education with activities inherent in the departments of psychological and pedagogical care.

Depending on the maintained contingent, these institutions are divided into home boarding houses for elderly and disabled, psychoneurological boarding schools For people with deep mental retardation or incurable mental illness, children's home boarding houses for mentally retarded children, boarding houses for children with physical disabilities.

Houses of Night stay Provide advisory, social and rehabilitation and in some cases medical and social services to persons without a certain place of residence and classes (homeless citizens). The structure of houses consists of:

In recent years, various changes related to the consolidation of organizations and the transition to another system as financing the work with customers and the promotion of the work of specialists are occurring in the structures of the centers. Cerencing institutions. However, the results of the data transformation should be somewhat later.

Little- In a wide (general sense) - this is an improvement in the situation of the subject compared with the usual state by empowering it additional empathy or by exemption from the execution of certain duties. In a narrow (special, sectoral) understanding is the liberation of the subject from the burden of execution (inconsistencies) of part of the duties (Sakhno S.V., Zelenova V.V. The concept and place of the institute of benefits in the social security system. - [Electronic Document] . - Access mode: http://www.zabgu.ru/sites/default/files/s_ahno_zelenova.pdf Date of treatment: 09/01/2013) Sakhno Zelenova Concept of benefits

See: Averin A.N. State Social Protection System of the Population: Tutorial. M.: Rags, 2010. - 124 p.; Platonova N.M., Nesterova G.F. Theory and methodology of social work. M: Academy, 2010. 384 p.

// Grigorieva I.A., Kelasyev V.N. Theory and practice of social work: Tutorial. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg State University, 2004. - P. 313-315. (Grigorieva)

The system of activities carried out by state. and public organizations to ensure guaranteed minimal sufficient living conditions, the maintenance of life and the active existence of a person. Sometimes social. The protection is interpreted more narrowly: as providing a certain level of income for those segments of the population, which, due to any reasons, cannot independently provide their existence: unemployed, disabled, patients, orphans, old people, lonely mothers, large families. Basic principles of social. protection: humanity; targeting; complexity; Ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual.

Types of social protection. State Forms:affordable healthcare; privileges; affordable education; pension; System system Service and provision of social. services; Social measures. Support. Non-state forms:voluntary social. insurance; charity; Private health systems, etc.

System system protection - This is a set of legislative acts, events, as well as organizations that ensure the implementation of SOC measures. Protection of the population, supporting socially vulnerable segments of the population.

It includes:

1. Soc. security - Creating state. Systems material support and servicing elderly and disabled citizens, as well as families with children at the expense of the so-called public consumption funds. In addition to pensions (in old age, disability, etc.) to social. The provision includes temporary disability benefits and childbirth, child care under 3 years old, help families in the content and education of children, family benefits, the content of disabled in special organizations (nursing homes, etc.), free or preferential conditions for prosthetic assistance , provision of disabled means of movement, vocational training of disabled people, various benefits to families of disabled.

2. Soc. warranty - Provision of social. GOODS AND SERVICES Citizens without taking into account the labor contribution and verification of the need on the basis of the principle of distribution according to the needs of the available social resources of these goods. In our country to social. Warranties include: Guaranteed free honey. service; Accessibility and free education; minimum wage; Minimum pension, scholarship; Soc. Pensions (disabled since childhood; disabled children; disabled people who do not have an employment experience; etc.); benefits at the birth of a child; Ritual burial allowance and some others.

A variety of social guarantees are social. privileges. They represent a system of public guarantees provided to individual groups of the population (disabled people, participants in war, labor veterans, etc.).

Soc. Insurance - Protection of the economically active population from social. Risks based on collective solidarity when damage compensation. The main social. Risks associated with loss of disability, work and, accordingly, income are illness, old age, unemployment, motherhood, accident, production injury, prof. Disease, death of the breadwinner. There are 2 shapes of social. Insurance - mandatory (with the support of the state of its foundations) and voluntary (in the absence of state. Aid). Support for citizens is carried out primarily by cash payments (pensions and disease benefits, old age, unemployment, loss of the breadwinner, etc.), as well as with the help of financing health care organizations, vocational training, etc. related to disability restoration.

Soc. support (Help) is provided to socially vulnerable groups of the population, which is not able to ensure their income due to certain reasons. Assistance is carried out both by cash and natural payments (free lunches, clothing) and are funded at the expense of general tax revenues. Help is provided to those people whose income below the minimum life standards, and acts as an essential element of the fight against poverty. Soc. Support is not limited to material help. It also includes measures in the form of assistance and services provided to individuals or population groups. services to overcome vital difficulties, maintaining social. Status, adaptation in society.

Social activity. Social services. support, the provision of social and domestic, medical, pedagogical, legal services and material assistance, the conduct of social. Adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens who are in a difficult life situation formed in a separate industry of social. Social spheres. service. Work aimed at helping, supporting and protecting people, and, above all, the socially weak layers of society called soc. work. Object social. Work are people who need extraneous assistance: old men, pensioners, disabled, seriously ill, children; People who have fallen into a heavy life situation: unemployed, drug addicts, adolescents who have fallen into a bad company, incomplete families, convicted and serving punishment, refugees and migrants, etc. Subjects of social Work - those organizations and people who lead this work. This is a state in general, carrying out social. Policy through the state. organs of social protection.

Introduction .................................................................................... ..2

Chapter 1. Social protection of the population .............................................. four

1.1. Essence of social protection of the population ... ............................................... .... four

Chapter 2. Ways to organize social protection of the population ............... 10

2.1. State social protection bodies of the population .................10

2.2. Sources of financing social protection of the population ............ ..18

Conclusion .............................................................................. 21

List of used literature ................................................ 23

Introduction

Social protection of the population is one of the most important components of the social policy of the state and socio-labor relations. Its subject field covers the basic conditions of the life of people: the material support of the population and the organization of social and medical care to disable members of society. one

Changes in Russian society in recent decades of the twentieth century. The following consequences were: the emergence of a new, very controversial structure of society, where alone is unresarose, and others are at the very bottom of the social staircase. It is primarily about the emergence of such vulnerable categories of the population as unemployed, refugees, forced displaceders, as well as those categories of citizens who do not find proper support from the state and society at the present stage, and these are disabled people, pensioners, children, Teenagers. The country as a whole is constantly growing the number of people who need protection, marginals, alcoholics, drug addicts, homeless and so on.

In turn, the problems of social assistance aggravated, since with the beginning of economic transformations, a person with his problems was left to the arbitrariness of the market element.

Today, social protection of the population should play not only the role of social compensation to the poor, but also serve as a certain counterweight to the rapidly growing property inequality. The progress of the entire population from the progressive impoverishment becomes an important problem.

In the established economic and socio-political conditions, the role, the value of the social protection system of the population has increased significantly. Often, the bodies and institutions of social services are the only structures, the appeal to which leaves a person hope to receive support and help to resolve its life problems.

The actualization of social protection of the population is that the concept of "social protection" is associated with the concept of "social care" of the state, when individual assistance to a person, groups of people organized by professionally trained people and expressed by the concept of "social work", will be supported by confidence with its ultimate goal man in his abilities, its capabilities. That is why recently, the majority of social protection specialists are abandoned by such a wide, but non-specific concept as "social protection of the population", and more and more use the term "social support of the population from the state."

The object of this work is the study of social protection of the population in modern society.

The subject is the ways and the basic principles of its organization.

The purpose of this work is:

Analyze the existing scientific literature;

Studying the basic principles of organizing social protection of the population in the modern world.

To compile generalized conclusions about the current system of social protection of the population.

And solve the following tasks:

Determine the essence of social protection of the population;

To have ideas about how the work of social protection authorities is organized.

The basis for writing this work is many works of researchers of modern Russian society. So the basics of organizing social protection of the population are considered in the writings of such authors as M.I. Lepikhov, N. Podbashikina, V. Sharin, etc.

The economic foundations of social protection of the population are considered by V.D. Roach, TS Panteleeva, G.A. Chervyakova et al.

The main directions and principles of social work are presented in the works of A.I. Voitenko, E.I. Komarova, A.N. Savinova, P.D. Pavlek et al.

ChapterI.. Social protection of the population

1. Essence of social protection of the population

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993, the Russian Federation is proclaimed social state. His most characteristic features are reflected in the social policy, which, according to Art. 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person. 2.

Social politics - This is the scope of the practical implementation of the most important function of the state to create conditions that ensure each member of society the implementation of its needs, taking into account the values \u200b\u200bapproved by the Society, and therefore a person is always located in the Center for Social Policy, who simultaneously acts as its purpose, subject and subject. 3.

As for the social protection of the population, it is at the present stage the most important and priority for the social policy of the Russian Federation, being a system of principles, methods, legislatively established social guarantees, activities and institutions that provide the provision of optimal living conditions, meeting the needs, maintenance of life support and active existence of personality, various social categories and groups; A combination of measures, actions, states of the state and society aimed against the risk situations in the normal life of citizens.

Social protection - The policy of the state aimed at ensuring social, economic, political and other rights and guarantees of a person regardless of its sex, nationality, age, place of residence and other circumstances.

Social protection of the population In the broad sense of the word - this is a set of socio-economic activities conducted by the state and society and ensuring the provision of optimal living conditions, meeting the needs, maintenance of life support and active personality existence of various social categories and groups, as well as a totality of measures against risk situations in normal life Citizens, such as illness, unemployment, old age, death of the breadwinner. It represents a set of measures to ensure the minimum level of material support guaranteed by the state of socially vulnerable groups during economic transformation.

Social protection system of the population At the present stage, includes:

- social Security;

- social insurance;

- Social support (help). four

Social protection of citizens is carried out at the expense of federal and local budgets, specially created social support funds for the population, non-government funds.

Basic principles Social protection of the population are humanity, social justice, targeting, complexity, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the individual. five

Basic goalssocial protection of the population is reduced to the following:

1) getting rid of absolute poverty when the secondary cumulative family income is below the subsistence minimum;

2) providing material assistance to the population in extreme conditions;

3) promoting the adaptation of socially vulnerable groups of the population to the conditions of the market economy.

So, one of the elements of social protection of the population in crisis conditions for the transition to market relations is social help.

The provision of state social assistance is carried out in the following types:

1) cash payments (social benefits, subsidies, compensation and other payments);

2) Natural Help (Fuel, Food, Clothing, Shoes, Medicines and Other Types of Natural Aid). 6.

Social Security - this is a system of legal, economic and organizational measures created by the state, which are aimed at compensation or minimizing the consequences of changes in the material and (or) social status of citizens, and in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other categories of individuals due to the onset of circumstances recognized by the state socially significant ( Insurance risks). 7.

Social insurance - part of the state system of social protection of the population whose specifics is insurance of working citizens from the possible change in material and (or) social status, including circumstances independent of them. eight

To date, 4 types of compulsory public social insurance are carried out in the Russian Federation:

1) pension insurance;

2) social insurance in case of temporary disability;

3) Social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases;

4) medical insurance. nine

The most important part of social protection of the population is the Institute of Social Work Bodies.

Control objects The system of social protection of the population is institutions and organizations, labor and training teams of this system, as well as relations between people. Subjects management - Authorities directly involved in social assistance issues in the population (ministries, committees, departments, management, social protection departments, labor collectives). The main function of organs, social protection institutions of the population is to improve the activities of its various structural elements governed by certain norms and controlled by social institutions to ensure the achievement of the goals.

Professional unions, administration and various forms of self-government in labor collectives play an important role in the social protection system.

In general, the purpose of the social protection system is manifested in its common functions:

1. The economic function is expressed in providing material support by citizens in a difficult life situation, in promoting the development of social production in general and individual sectors of the national economy, economic rise of priority areas.

2. The political function aimed at rapprochement of the social level of various segments of the population, creating conditions that ensure a decent life to every person. She is designed to stabilize public relations.

3. The demographic function contributes to stimulating the growth of the country's population, reproduction of a healthy generation, an increase in life expectancy.

4. The social and rehabilitation function is associated with the satisfaction of the needs of elderly and disabled citizens. It is expressed in creating conditions conducive to preservation of them. legal status and the protection of the health of all citizens. 10

Social protection of the population and the mechanism of its implementation are based on relevant constitutional legal installations. Currently, four main directions of social protection of the population.

1. Social protection of children, childhood and adolescence,which is focused on creating the living conditions and development of children to allow all children, regardless of which family they were born and live, have the best opportunities to preserve health, material well-being, free accessible education, preschool and school education, harmonious spiritual and moral development, harmonious spiritual and moral development , implementing your abilities.

State policy in the interests of children is based on the principles of legislative support of the child's rights; state support of the family in order to ensure the full education of children, protect their rights, prepare them for full life in society; establishing and complying with state minimum social standards of the main indicators of the quality of life of children, taking into account regional differences in these indicators; responsibility of officials, citizens for violation of the rights and legitimate interests of the child, causing him harm; State support of local governments, public associations and other organizations engaged in the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the child.

Social protection of children and adolescents at the present stage is consistent with state politics in the field of childhood, which recognizes this period of human life as the most important stage, and therefore it is obliged to do everything to prepare them for a full-fledged life. Social protection of children and adolescents is characterized by multidirection, affecting the most different spheres of their livelihoods, however, the priority direction of work is to work with children and adolescents, suffering from one or another degree of social deadaptation, which leads them to the street, to drugs, prostitution, etc.

2. Social protection of the working-age population, designed to "provide for the creation of conditions that ensure the balance of rights, duties and interests of citizens, when a person can fully realize the ability to economic independence, while not infrainment of the interests of fellow citizens and participating in social assistance to those in need." Social protection of the working-age population, the protection of their labor is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Labor Protection in the Russian Federation", adopted on July 17, 1999, and other regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation .

Thus, it can be concluded that the social protection of the working-age population should include mechanisms providing citizens of the Russian Federation to protect against social risks impeding:

- effective person's employment;

- provision, in accordance with legislation, additional guarantees of employment to the categories of the population in need of special social protection and experiencing difficulties,

- pay and pay salary and all types of social benefits in the amounts and timing provided for by law;

- protection of the health of working and preventing the unfavorable conditions of their labor;

- providing and obtaining material and other assistance to persons who have fallen into crisis material and social and domestic situations;

- the realization of the youth of their potential in scientific, cultural and sports plans;

- Equality of men and women in all matters of social life (primarily we are talking about full actual equality in wages, promotion, access to education, scientific activities, culture and sports).

3. Social protection of disabled citizenswhich should be aimed at the humanization of all spheres of life of these people. It is unacceptable for any of them from feeling an excess person burdens close, society. Everyone should preserve the desire and the opportunity to live in a family as long as possible, to actively participate in the economic, political, cultural development of society, to enjoy all its benefits and, if possible, to increase them.

Social service of elderly and disabled citizens is activities to meet their social needs. It includes a combination of social services (care, organization of nutrition, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance.

4. Social Family Protectionwhich should ensure the effective prevention of social risks. eleven

Social protection of the family at the present stage is the most developing direction of social protection, since it is in the family that all social problems are reflected, characteristic of modern Russian society, and these problems are always specific, as they are directly related to the family type.

The organization of the implementation of these areas of social protection of the population is determined by the regulatory and legal framework of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation.

Chapter 2. Ways to organize social protection of the population

2.1. State social protection authorities

Social protection is considered as a combination of legislatively enshrined economic and legal guarantees ensuring compliance with the most important social rights of citizens. This is the protection of motherhood and childhood, labor and health of citizens, the establishment of the minimum wage, social protection of disabled people and the elderly, the development of the system of social services, state pensions and benefits. Special attention is paid to the organization of work of social security bodies.

Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The main federal executive body conducted by public policy and employment management, employment and social protection of the population is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The ministry in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, decrees and regulations of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees and decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 23, 1997 No. 480 with changes and additions .

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation operates in cooperation with other federal executive bodies, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public and other associations, as well as other organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form.

In accordance with the tasks set by the Ministry, it builds its work in various areas and exercises its functions in the following areas: solving comprehensive social development issues; raising the standard of living and income of the population; salary; Conditions and safety of labor; social partnership in labor relations; population; employment; development of personnel potential; social insurance; pension provision; Social protection of the population; social service of the population; public service; labor legislation, employment and social protection of the population; International Partnership.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation is headed by the Minister, who appoints and relieves President of the Russian Federation on the submission of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is personally responsible for implementing the tasks assigned to the Ministry of Labor and Social Development and the implementation of their functions.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

In various regions, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, social protection authorities of the region, the region are called differently, for example, departments, management, departments, committees, ministries, but the main tasks and functions of these bodies are the same.

Social protection authorities of the region, the edges are in double subordination - obey the administrations of the region, the region, as well as the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

On the example of the social protection department of the city's population. St. Petersburg Consider its basic functions and structure.

Sector benefits.

To ensure social protection of veterans, senior citizens, disabled people and other preferential categories of citizens, the sector performs the following functions:

Maintaining the database on the number of individual categories of veterans, disabled people, citizens affected by radiation impacts, political repression, former minors of the prisoners of fascist concentration camps, family members of the victims (deceased) servicemen;

Conducting advisory procedures for the provision of social support measures and the definition of a preferential status of a citizen (certificates, certificates, certificates);

Acceptance of applications from preferential categories of citizens (veterans of war, workers of the rear) and the issuance of vouchers for a wellness holiday in the guest houses of the Leningrad region;

The appointment of compensation payments and amounts of compensation for harm to citizens affected by radiation impacts and members of their families, veterans of special risk divisions.

The appointment of monthly and annual cash payments in accordance with the current legislation (pensioners, labor veterans, wind turbines, rehabilitated persons and persons affected by political repression, honorary donors);

Registration of documents, calculation and appointment compensatory payments In connection with the costs of paying for residential premises, utilities and other types of services to family members of the victims (deceased) servicemen and employees of some federal executive bodies;

Registration of documents, the appointment of monthly surcharges to the pension to certain categories of military personnel and members of their families (military personnel held by call, received disability as a result of participation in hostilities in Afghanistan, Chechen Republic and in the North Caucasus region

Appointment of monthly surcharge to pension on the occasion of the loss of the breadwinner for families of military personnel in the fulfillment of military service responsibilities;

Reception of documents and the distribution of objects of the State Dacha Foundation, owned by St. Petersburg on the right of ownership among war veterans and disabled.

Registration of documents, the appointment of compensation of insurance premiums under the Agreement of compulsory insurance of civil liability of vehicle owners to disabled vehicles through social protection authorities;

Carrying out work on providing motor vehicles of preferential categories of citizens who collapsed to 01.01.2005;

Maintaining primary accounting of certain categories of citizens eligible for social support measures to pay for residential premises and utilities, with the exception of subsidies living in the Frunzensky district in the housing stock of all forms of ownership.

The sector of the Organization of State Social Assistance.

The sector is underway the following questions:

Providing state social assistance;

Providing emergency social assistance;

Providing material assistance to residents of the district in a difficult life situation;

Issuance of certificates for the appointment of social scholarships to students;

The appointment of social payments to citizens whose pension is lower than the subsistence minimum, followed by control over the appointed payments;

Provision of free non-trustees: registration of citizens to account, issuing areas for free unnotes;

Work to attract sponsorship to provide targeted assistance to veterans and low-income citizens;

Registration of one-time social compensation for burial.

Social Development and Control Sector.

The introduction of the sector is the following questions:

Analysis and prediction of the development of the social protection system of the population. Control of the effectiveness of functioning, organization of work with reporting documentation for all areas of work of the department: Collecting reporting information and monitoring the preparation of indicators of monitoring of socio-economic development;

Participation in the development and implementation of federal, regional, urban and district programs in the field of social protection of the population, control over their execution;

Methodological guidance and control over the activities of social service institutions of the district's population;

Preparation of plans for measures to ensure standards of residence in Frunzensky district;

Organization of work on the formation, placement and execution of the state order of St. Petersburg for the supply of goods, performance of work, the provision of services for the state needs of the department of social protection of the population and subordinate organizations;

Formation of products for the state needs of St. Petersburg on the social protection department and subordinate organizations.

Information and legal sector.

Provision of information about social protection of the population, opportunities, types and conditions of social services to district media;

Preparation of answers to applicants to the appeal department, organizations;

Representing the interests of the department in the judiciary, the prosecution authorities;

Providing legal assistance to citizens, social service institutions, local governments on social protection issues;

Implementation in accordance with the current legislation of measures for state policy to improve the conditions and safety of labor in the area of \u200b\u200bthe district;

Registration of documents for the provision of residents of St. Petersburg award "Golden and Diamond Jubilees of Marriage Life";

Issue areas for the purchase of air tickets to regular flights of OJSC Aviation Company Transaero.

Disabled sector

The sector is underway the following questions:

Conducting priority measures to ensure the available vital activity of persons with disabilities and low-friendly populations and the creation of conditions for the unhindered access of persons with disabilities to the social infrastructure facilities;

Organization of work on the provision of prosthetic and orthopedic products of non-disabled citizens;

The implementation of methodological guidelines and monitoring rehabilitation activities for social adaptation of persons with disabilities;

Registration of documents of elderly and disabled people for premises in stationary institutions of social services.

Interaction with district health care, internal affairs, employment of the population in working with citizens without a certain place of residence and citizens liberated from seats of imprisonment.

Implementation of organizational and methodological work on quoting jobs for employment disabled.

The issuance of travel documents for the right of free travel in the citywide transport to certain categories of persons with disabilities and citizens who have merits before the Fatherland.

Social Protection Sector and Childhood

The sector is underway the following questions:

Organization and work on social support for families and children in need of various types of social assistance.

Conducting a differentiated accounting of families and children in a difficult life situation, in a socio-hazardous position, families with negligent children and large families in need of social support;

Issuance of certificates "Large Family of St. Petersburg";

Appointment of annual compensation payments for children from large families studying in educational institutions that implement educational programs of primary general, the main general, medium (complete) general Education, primary vocational education, but not older than 18 years;

Appointment of benefits for the use of heating, water, sewage, gas and electricity:

Families having 3 children in the amount of 30%,

Families having from 4 to 7 children in the amount of 40%,

Families with 8 and more children in the amount of 50%.

Participation in events dedicated to the International Day of the Family, the International Day of Mother, New Year and Christmas holidays for children and adolescents.

Cooperation with state authorities and local governments, officials and citizens in order to provide comprehensive care to family and children;

Consultative assistance on the phone "Hot" line 701-66-30 (weekly on Thursdays from 10.00 to 17.00) on issues of childcare aids, certificates of social scholarship, providing material assistance, emergency social assistance, determining in the department of assistance to women in difficult life situation, etc.

Sector manual

The sector is managed by questions:

The appointment of a one-time benefit to women in medical institutions in early pregnancy during the liquidation of the enterprise;

Appointment of benefits for pregnancy and childbirth in the liquidation of the enterprise;

The appointment of a one-time allowance at the birth of a child.

Appointment of a monthly child care benefit until it reaches the age of one and a half years;

Appointing a one-time benefit when the child's transfer to family education;

The appointment of a one-time compensation payment at the birth of a child.

The appointment of a monthly benefit on the child aged from birth to 1 year to acquire goods of the children's assortment and baby food products.

The appointment of a monthly allowance for a child aged 1 to 7 years to acquire goods of the children's assortment and the provision of services.

The appointment of a monthly benefit on the child aged 7 years to 16 years (either before the end of the educational institution, but not more than 18 years) to acquire goods for children's (adolescent) assortment and provision of services.

The appointment of a one-time benefit and monthly monetary compensation to citizens in the occurrence of possembly complications.

The appointment of the monthly benefit to families in its composition of persons with disabilities since childhood I group over 18 years of needing constant care and observation, as well as lonely non-working disabled since childhood II group over 18 years old.

The appointment of a monthly benefit to the children of military personnel held by military service upon call, those who died (missing) who were disabled in connection with the fulfillment of the tasks to ensure the rule of law and public security in the territory of the North Caucasus region.

Appointment of extra charges to the pension to non-working persons who replaced the state posts of St. Petersburg and the post of public service St. Petersburg.

Establishing additional payments to the state pension for old-age (by age) to persons awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg".

Issuance to beneficiaries of benefits and compensatory payments for children of magnetic cards "Children's", "preschool".

Issuance of certificates of the amount of the resulting benefits for children for the realization of the right to make housing compensation to the low-income families. 12

District (urban) social protection authorities

District (city) social protection authorities are municipal government agencies in the structure of the district administration, cities. They are subject to both the administration of the district, cities and social protection authorities of the region, the region.

Management of social protection of the population of the district or city and the subordinate institutions of the social protection system of the social protection of the population ensure the implementation of state policy in the field of pension provision; labor and labor relations; Social guarantees and social support of elderly and disabled citizens, families, motherhood and childhood, the development of the social service system of the population.

Management is created, reorganized and eliminated by solving local governments. Management in its activities is guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, the regulations and regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation and the region, the region, the heads of the region and the city or the district, orders and instructions, the decisions of the higher authority of the social protection of the population, regions and others regulatory acts.

In its structure, the Office of Social Protection of the Population has:

divisions;

pension department;

department of Labor and Social Affairs; Subordamental Institutions:

Center for Social Assistance Family and Children;

Socio-Rehabilitation Center for Juvenile Children;

social services services;

social hotel and others.

The main tasks and functions of social protection management of the city or district is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the Office of Social Protection of the Population", which approves the head of the city or district administration.

The Office of Social Protection of the Population of the City Administration (hereinafter referred to as the management) is a municipal government department in the structure of the city administration and submits in its activities both the city administration and the Department for the Social Protection of the population of the regional administration. 13

2.2. Sources of financing social protection of the population

Sources of financing of social protection of the population are state extrabudgetary social funds: the social insurance fund, the Pension Fund, the State Employment Fund, the Communication Health Fund.

The Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation is a specialized financial and credit institution under the Government of the Russian Federation. The main task of the Social Insurance Fund is to ensure the benefits guaranteed by the state for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child, to care for a child until the age of one and a half years, for burial, on sanatorium treatment and recovery of workers and their family members.

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation was formed by the Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12/22/90 in order to public administration of pension funds in the Russian Federation. The Pension Fund of Russia is an independent financial and credit institution and is managed by the Government of the Russian Federation and it is accountable. Funds of the Pension Fund of Russia are formed by:

insurance premiums of employers;

insurance premiums of citizens engaged in individual entrepreneurial activities;

insurance contributions of other categories of working citizens;

allocations from the federal budget, etc.

The rate of insurance premiums to the Pension Fund of Russia is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.

Employment Fund is the State Emergency Fund of the Russian Federation, designed to finance events related to the development and implementation of the state employment policy.

The Employment Fund is not a legal entity and is in operational management and disposal of employment authorities.

The employment fund is formed by the following revenues:

obligatory insurance premiums of employers;

obligatory insurance premiums with earning work;

assignments from the federal budget of the Russian Federation.

Funds of the Employment Fund are sent to vocational guidance activities, training and reconfigurations of the unemployed citizens; organization of public works; payment benefits for unemployment, compensation; Providing material and other assistance.

The Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund represents itself a system of compulsory health insurance funds, consisting of federal and territorial funds for compulsory medical insurance in the subjects of the Federation. These funds are designed to fulfill the law of the Russian Federation "On Medical Insurance of Citizens in the Russian Federation" and the implementation of state policy in the field of compulsory medical insurance as an integral part of state social insurance.

The insurance rate of contributions to compulsory medical insurance paid by employers and other payers is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.

Funds of social support of the population are one of the sources of financial resources for the implementation of social service activities.

These are independent government agencies established to form financial sources of social support for the most needy citizens, providing targeted social protection to low-income groups of the population.

The system of social support funds of the population consists of republican (federal) and territorial funds.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development defines the main directions of the funds of this fund. On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, population support funds are operating under the leadership of the executive bodies and social protection bodies.

The right to receive assistance from the Social Support Fund has been granted particularly needy retirees, disabled people, persons who have dependents, other disabled citizens who have a cumulative average income does not exceed the minimum established at the regional level.

Funds of social support for the population are spent on additional (superbudent) financing of activities in the following areas:

providing natural aid in the form of essential items (food, clothing, shoes) is free or at preferential prices;

providing social services, including at home;

organization of free nutrition;

providing subsidies for the purchase of drugs, prosthetic and orthopedic products, to pay for utility and household services; ensuring night residence of homeless citizens;

creating own enterprises;

assistance in providing loans and so on.

The Government of the Russian Federation promotes development

non-state pension systems. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On Non-State Pension Funds", a non-state pension fund - a socio-financial non-profit organization, carrying out activities on the formation of assets by attracting voluntary targets of legal entities and individuals, the transfer of these funds to the company's assets management of the non-state pension fund, Implementation of lifelong or over a long period of regular payments to citizens in monetary form, as well as other actions to fulfill social obligations to citizens.

Non-state pension funds are valid independently of the state pension system. Payment of these funds is carried out along with the payments of state pensions. The listing by employers and employees of funds to non-state pension funds does not exempt them from the obligation to produce compulsory deductions to the State Pension Fund and other extrabudgetary funds.

The size, conditions and procedure for making contributions and the implementation of payments are determined by the agreement between the non-state pension fund and the insured. fourteen

Conclusion

Transformations in the political, economic and social fields carried out in the state provide for an active social policy that should be based on a properly built priority system, a phased solution of the circle of social problems, developing mechanisms for the efficient use of resources allocated for social goals, coordinating the obligations of the state and real opportunities for their financing. The most important aspect of state social policy is the social protection of the population. In modern conditions, a number of laws adopted to provide those in need of the categories of the population equal to other citizens of the rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. However, due to the serious financial situation at the federal and regional levels, their implementation is often limited.

In the current economic conditions, measures are being made to mitigate the negative effects of a sharp drop in the standard of living and on partial compensation for losses to the most needy groups of the population. The mechanisms of social support for families with children, veterans, disabled people, citizens who have lost their work and other categories of the population are being created. However, many benefits, compensation, social benefits and benefits are often imposed without taking into account the material situation of families and the real possibilities of people to ensure their own well-being. As a result, it is limited to assistance to those who really need it.

There are many categories of the population in need of a particular degree of social protection, and therefore at the moment the purpose of the social protection system of the population is to ensure that with the help of effective funds - regulatory, socio-psychological, economic, etc. - to provide Support for people in need of this population and individual citizens. In this sense, social protection of the population, which includes social security, social insurance and social assistance, is consistent with the social policy of the state, which, according to the Constitution, is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free human development.

The state plays a crucial role in organizing social protection of the population.

At the present stage, four priority areas are allocated in the social protection of the population of the Russian Federation, which are based on relevant regulatory acts. First, it is the social protection of children, childhood and adolescence, secondly, it is the social protection of the working-age population, thirdly, it is the social protection of disabled citizens, fourth, is the social protection of the family.

Social protection authorities and subordinate enterprises, institutions, organizations, territorial social protection bodies of the population form a unified state system of social protection of the population providing state support.

List of used literature

Constitution of the Russian Federation dated 12.12 1993.

A.P. Gorkin, G.N. Karelova, E.D., Katulsky and others. "Social Encyclopedia" Entz-I, 2000g.

K.N. Guses "Law of Social Security" Tutorial. - M; Infra-m. 2000

V. Dmitriev "Our Hope - Social Insurance" M.: 2005.

IG Zainysheva "Technology of Social Work" - M.: Vlados, 2002.

IN AND. Kurbatov. "Social work". M.: Science Press, 2006.

M.I. Lepikhov. "The right and social protection of the population" - M: Infra-M, 2000g.

Scientific and methodological manual "Social protection of the population." M.: 2006.

G.V. Suleimanova "Law of Social Security". Tutorial for universities. "Yurait" 2011

A.N. Savinov "Organization of work of social protection authorities". Academy IC, 2010

E.I. Bachelor "Dictionary-Directory for Social Work." M. Lawyer 2000.

Business class "Organization of work of social protection bodies of the population." T. Zarembro, A. Savinov.

The official portal of the administration of St. Petersburg "Department of Social Protection of the Population".

Social social protection and support for the population Essay \u003e\u003e State and Law

Select additional funds for social protection The population is extremely limited. Load ... not enough people's desire to get social protection from adversity of worsening life, ... these conditions the task is complete social protection The total population is from the decrease ...

1. Social protection old people

   Thesis \u003e\u003e Sociology

   To the public sector social protection and social Services. Municipal Sector social protection and social Service includes controls social protection and social Service ...

The rules and provisions of social protection of the population are directly dependent on the regulated law and the direction of this type of support to the population.

The basis of state social garanty is a minimalized social standard, which determine the living conditions of people.

For example, for the mother of a newborn baby, some support rules are established for the elderly person (pensioner).

The protection of the population is designed to determine the necessary minimum standard of living so that citizens of the Russian Federation are not beyond the features of poverty, establish important benefits for certain social groups, allow some free to use those or other services.

The essence of social protection

Social Protection itself is a resource distribution system between unprotected population layers. Classified and determined insecurity for some principles.

Public cash funds are based on the source of funding from the budget.

Thus, funds heading for social are formed at the expense of taxation. Social Protection is:

• care of the Russian Federation on people who have lost ability to work;
• implementation of guarantees for the population;
• frames providing maintenance of the minimum standard standard of living.

Principles of social protection

The social protection of the population is designed in such a way that it can be based on such basic principles:

• partnership. The state undertakes to fulfill its obligations to people in social protection, however, the partnership is an integral part. Therefore, close cooperation between the state and private organizations is observed everywhere;
• economic justice. The structure of the state is largely based on economic relations. Without ownership of some resources that are mined through ability to work, the vital activity of citizens cannot be supported. The state should align the possibilities of people, determining on the basis of the principle of economic justice priorities of the distribution of funds, and each of the categories of citizens must satisfy its own established individual requests to maintain a comfortable life;
• adaptability. Social protection should work so that it is gradually self-improved, for which different links of the entire system of social relationships operating in the state are responsible;
• the priority of state began. The main task of the Russian Federation in the social direction is the need to help achieve a certain standard of living, which will be acceptable, people who independently do this on objective reasons cannot be done;
• preventiveness of measures on social protection. Defining the risk factors associated with the social direction. As a rule, it works at the regional level, has its own control priority links, the main task of which is considered the most flexible combination of services for a paid or free basis to maintain normal living conditions.

Social Protection Bodies in the Russian Federation

The structure of the bodies responsible for the social status of citizens consists of:

• state bodies (provide a legal framework, social policy strategy and tactics);
• civil communities (associations, organizations, firms and enterprises);
• charitable and voluntary.

Management of social protection at the federal level in Russia is engaged in the Ministry of Labor.

Guilty pension, socio-insurance and medical insurance funds.

In the regions, the executive bodies of social protection in the Russian Federation is the Department. On issues in the areas of Moscow, you can contact the authorities of the district administration.

Objects of social protection

• pensioners, including lonely;
• disabled in the Second World War, the families of the victims of the military;
• unemployed;
• chernobyl people;
• disabled;
• orphans;
• large families and low-income;
• single mother;
• citizens who do not have accommodation;
• infected HIV.

Another measure of protection of social protection of citizens is social insurance, but this direction is accepted on a state scale to be considered auxiliary.

It covers persons who have lost disability, and also concerns those who contain disabled citizens.

Tools of social protection

To the means of the state to create social protection can be attributed:

• regulatory limitations. They are created that, through the use of certain tools, it is not possible to effect on the state of unprotected segments of the population. For this, minimal salaries are established, levels of benefits, there are free medicine and free education;
• social media in the form of subsidies, preferential forms of assistance, partially paid from the budget of the service;
• analysis of the results of working on maintaining the average living standards. Within these programs are being developed;
• the existence of non-state pension systems, which allows people to invest in the budget for the subsequent receipt of pensions, to enter private funds on other conditions;
• creation of a complex of actions for servicing and social protection of disabled citizens. For example, medical or materials for patients may be issued;
• organization of charitable funds guiding means to maintain a higher standard of living of different social groups.

Participants in the insurance of people from the vital difficulties that prevent the minimum standard of living are the state, insurance non-governmental funds and commercial, as well as charitable organizations.

Stock! Paid advice - free!

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

higher professional education

"Saratov State Legal Academy"

College of Economics, Right and Service

COURSE WORK

Under the discipline: "Organization of the work of bodies and institutions of social protection of the population, the bodies of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation"

On the topic: Organization of work of social protection authorities in the Russian Federation

Student: full-time learning, 3 courses, groups 307

Zhumasheva Vadima Sergeevich

Specialty: 030912.51

Law and Organization of Social Security

Head of Course: Mojarkina Yulia Anatolyevna

saratov, 2015

Introduction

Conclusion

Introduction

The chosen course of the course work is extremely important in modern conditions of Russia, and therefore is relevant. It lies in the fact that the majority of citizens left without work can independently adapt in the conditions of the labor market of our time. The Law of Russia "On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation" is called on to regulate the issues of social support for the public in the Russian Federation "the purpose of the study conducted within the framework of the course work is to study the issue of the work of bodies that deal with the problems of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation.

The goal caused the need to explore the following tasks:

-to give the concept of social protection of the population;

-consider the legal regulation of employment authorities

-examine the organization of the work of bodies engaged in the provision of citizens in the field of employment

The subject of this study is a unemployment benefit, as one of the types of social security, as well as the organization of the work of bodies that provide citizens in the field of employment.

The object of the study is the system of functioning of the employment of the population in a variety of aspects and prospects for further comprehensive development.

In the process of writing this course, it should be noted that this work is built in extremely strict accordance with the latest changes in Russian legislation.

1. State social protection bodies of the population

1.1 The concept of social protection of the population of the Russian Federation

So, the right of citizens of the Russian Federation for social protection is directly enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which proclaimed that Russia is a social state, whose policy is aimed at creating optimal conditions that provide a decent life and free human development.

Clarification this Regulation It is contained in Article 39 of the Constitution, in accordance with which every person is guaranteed social security in case of disability, in order to raise children and other cases that are established by applicable law.

In the general sense, social protection of the population is a combination of certain socio-economic activities, which are conducted by the state and are aimed at ensuring disabled citizens of Russia by labor pensions in old age, disability, in case of loss of the breadwinner, for long service, social pensions, temporary disability benefits, Pregnancy and childbirth, for the maintenance of children, unemployment, for the burial, providing address assistance to the poor in the population, assistance to citizens who have fallen into extreme situations, including refugees and migrants, on sanatorium-resort treatment, maintenance in nursing homes and disabled homes , provision of disabled vehicles, prosthetic and orthopedic products, vocational training and retraining of persons with disabilities, their employment, to create a complex of new social services - social service centers, social assistance at home, social shelters for children, social hotels etc.

In general, social security is the main part of the social protection of the population. State and social pensions are established legislatively established, voluntary social insurance is encouraged, as well as the creation of a variety of additional forms of social security and charity.

Any citizen has the right to apply for social protection. The Constitution of Russia imposes an imperative duty to the state to create absolutely all the necessary conditions for the implementation of this right.

It should be noted that the Constitution of the Russian Federation not only proclaims the right of citizens to certain social protection, but also quite accurately and clearly defines the paths of its implementation: first of all, these are state insurance of working citizens, the creation of various other funds that are sources of funding for social protection of the population , as well as the adoption of federal laws that guarantee the implementation of these rights.

So, the following categories of citizens need primarily in social protection in the Russian Federation:

-disabled of war;

-participants in the Great Patriotic War;

-veterans of hostilities

-military personnel who held military service in military units, institutions, military-educational institutions that were not part of the current army, from June 22, 1941 to September 3, 1945 at least six months, servicemen who were awarded with orders or medals of the USSR for service in specified period;

-persons awarded with the "resident of the Blocade Leningrad";

-persons who worked in the period of the Great Patriotic War at the facilities of the air defense, local air defense, on the construction of defensive structures, naval databases, airfields and other military facilities within the rear borders of the existing fronts, operating zones of existing fleets, in the front-line areas of iron and automotive roads, as well as members of the crews of vessels of the transport fleet interneigned at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the ports of other states;

-family members of the victims (deceased) disabled people, participants of the Great Patriotic War and hostilities, members of the families of those who died in the Great Patriotic War of persons from among the personnel of the self-defense and emergency teams of local air defense, as well as family members of the victims of hospitals and hospitals of the city Leningrad;

-disabled;

-disabled children.

The bodies carrying out citizens to unemployment benefits and the progressive organization of social protection of the population form a unified state system of social protection of the population, which provides direct state support for the family, the elderly, veterans and disabled people dismissed from military service of individuals and their families, intensive development of the system social services, as well as the implementation of public policy in the field of pension and relations related to the labor area.

social Protection Population Service

1.2 Sources of Financing Social Protection of the Population

It should be noted that the sources of funding for social protection of the population are various public extra-budgetary social funds, such as the social insurance fund, the State Employment Fund, the Pension Fund, the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund.

For example, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation is a specialized financial and credit institution, which refers to the Government of the Russian Federation. The most important task of the Social Insurance Fund is to provide the state guaranteed benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, at the birth of a child, to care for a child until the age of one and a half years, for the burial, to spa treatment and rehabilitation of workers and their family members.

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation is formed in order to public administration of pension funds in Russia. The Russian Pension Fund represents an independent financial and credit institution and is under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Russian Federation and is accountable to him. It should be noted that the funds of the Russian Pension Fund are formed at the expense of the following points:

-various insurance premiums of employers;

-insurance premiums of citizens who are engaged in individual entrepreneurial activities;

-insurance premiums of other categories of citizens who work;

-a variety of allocations from the federal budget, etc.

It should be noted that the rate of insurance premiums to the Pension Fund of Russia is due to the federal legislation of the Russian Federation.

Consider the other body, such as the Employment Fund, which is a state extrabudgetary fund of the Russian Federation, which is intended to finance events that are related to the development and implementation of a certain state employment policy. The named authority is not a legal entity and is directly in the operational management and disposal of the employment service bodies.

The Employment Fund is formed for certain income account, such as:

-mandatory insurance premiums of various employers;

-obligatory insurance premiums with the earnings of working citizens;

-diverse allocations produced from the federal budget of Russia.

The received funds of the Employment Fund are sent to a variety of activities on vocational guidance, training and retraining of unemployed citizens; organization of public works; payment benefits for unemployment, compensation; as well as the provision of material and other assistance.

We also note that social support funds of the population are one of the main sources of financial resources for the implementation of the specific type of social services activities.

All data independent state institutionswhich are created to form a variety of financial sources of social support to the most needy citizens, as well as the provision of targeted social protection to low-income groups of the population. Thus, the system of social support funds of the population consists of republican and territorial funds.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Development causes and determines the most important directions for the expenditure of the funds of this fund. On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, population support funds are operating under the leadership of the executive bodies and social protection bodies.

Direct right to receive assistance from the Social Support Fund provided particularly to those in need of citizens of Russia, such as, for example, pensioners, disabled people, persons who have dependents, other disabled citizens who have a cumulative average income does not exceed the minimum established at the Regional Level .

All funds of social support funds are directly spent on additional financing of events in the following main areas:

providing specific natural aid in the form of basic necessary items for free either at certain preferential prices;

-rendering a variety of social services;

-a certain organization of free nutrition;

-providing various subsidies for the purchase of various drugs, prosthetic and orthopedic products, for payment of utility and domestic services;

-ensuring night residence of homeless citizens;

-creation of various own enterprises;

-promoting loans

It should be noted that the Government of the Russian Federation purposefully promotes the intensive development of non-state pension systems. So, in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia "On Non-State Pension Funds", a non-state pension fund is a social and financial non-commercial organization, which carries out certain activities to form assets by attracting voluntary target cash contributions to legal entities and individuals, transfer of assets management funds Non-state Pension Fund, the implementation of lifelong or for a sufficiently long period of regular payments to citizens in direct money form, as well as other actions to fulfill social obligations to citizens.

2. Organization of work of social protection authorities

2.1 Implementation of social security by federal state authorities

Functions to develop public policies and legal regulation in the field of social protection and social security of the population in the country carries out a special federal executive body. Currently, such an authority is the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. It also coordinates the activities of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Welfare of Human, the Federal Service for Supervision of Health and Social Development, the Federal Service for Labor and Employment, the Federal Health and Social Development Agency, and also coordinates the activities of the FFR, FSS of Russia, FFOMS.

Its functions of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia in cooperation with other federal executive authorities, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, public associations and other organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form of the powers of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia are diverse. It contributes to the Government of the Russian Federation projects of federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation on Social Development. On issues requiring the decision of the federal government, the ministry prepares other documents - projects of work plans, forecast of indicators of their activities, etc.

The Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia has the right to independently take regulatory legal acts on issues that are related to its competence. So, it approves the provisions on the territorial bodies of the subordinate federal services and agencies.

The ministry takes various regulations in accordance with the directions of its activities. For example, in the health sector, it approves the procedure for organizing medical and emergency medical care to citizens; Determines the types, volume and standards of the quality of specialized medical care provided in state or municipal healthcare institutions, as well as the types and volume of medical and social assistance to citizens suffering from dangerous diseases, etc.

In the field of pension provision, the ministry also takes various types of acts, for example, the procedure for organizing work on issues related to the maintenance of pension documentation, confirming periods of work and experience, which gives the right to various types of pensions, their counting, and so on.; Rules regulating the appeal to pensions, their appointment and payment, recalculate the size of the pension, the transition from one type of pension to another; List of documents required to establish pensions; clarification on the procedure for the application of legislation on pension provision; Regulations on the peculiarities of investigating accidents at work in individual sectors and other types of acts.

In the sphere of social services of citizens, the Ministry accepts acts similar to those described above - the procedure for the conclusion, changes and termination of contracts on the inpatient services of the elderly and disabled citizens; Forms of an exemplary contract for the inpatient services of elderly and disabled citizens; Lists of diseases, the emergence or aggravation of which can be associated with the performance of work on the elimination of the consequences of accidents at the Chernobyl NPP and other territories; Form of reference confirming the fact of the establishment of disability, etc.

The ministry also summarizes the practice of applying legislation, conducts an analysis of the implementation of state policies in the fields of activity attached. Employees of the Ministry of the Ministry organize the reception of citizens, ensure the timely and complete consideration of the oral and written appeals of citizens, make decisions on them and send the answers to the deadlines established by the legislation. At the same time they are guided Official Regulations Federal State Civil servants in federal ministries, federal services and federal agencies.

The Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia is endowed with relevant authority on international cooperation in the field related to its activities.

This federal authority is headed by the Minister, appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation on the submission of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.

The structural divisions of the ministry are departments formed in areas of activity. They include appropriate departments.

In addition to the issues of an organizational nature concerning the Ministry itself, the minister is endowed by a number of powers in the field of interaction with extrabudgetary funds compulsory social insurance. Thus, the minister introduces proposals for the position of appointing and released from the position of executives of the FFMS to the Government of the Russian Federation, FFOMS; Projects of regulatory legal acts governing the activities of the named funds; According to the leaders of these funds - projects of federal laws on the budgets of funds and their execution.

The Minister accepts regulatory legal acts but the areas of activity of the following funds and appoints the verification of their activities (although, according to the provisions of Article 13 of the Federal Law "On the Fundamental Social Insurance", only the Government of the Russian Federation should manage the system of compulsory social insurance, and not any Ministry In fact, the government, providing the Minister with broad powers concerning the activities of compulsory social insurance funds, essentially delegated its functions to this Ministry.).

The minister also has other rights, in particular, gives instructions to federal services and agencies, the subordinate ministry, and controls their execution; cancels the decision of the subordinate federal services and agencies that contradicts federal legislation; Releases orders that are normative, and on operational and other current issues in the field of the activities of the Ministry - the orders of an abnormative nature.

The financing of the content of the ministry is carried out at the expense of funds provided for by the federal budget.

The ministry is managed by a number of federal services and agencies, although not all of them are directly related to social security.

Federal Service for Labor and Employment, for example, performs state control over compliance labor legislation and the established procedure for investigating and taking into account accidents at work and for providing state guarantees in the field of employment of the population, acceptance of disabled work within the established quota, for registering persons with disabilities as unemployed;

Registers citizens to find suitable work and unemployed citizens; Provides public services in facilitating citizens in finding suitable work, in the implementation of social benefits unemployed; conducts inspections, surveys, the issuance of mandatory requirements for the elimination of violations, carry out those responsible for liability, consideration of cases of administrative offenses; assists in organizing training, advanced training and retraining of unemployed citizens, as well as their psychological and social support, etc.

The Federal Health and Social Development Agency implements public services and state-owned government management in the field of health and social development. In particular, it deals with medical care; providing services in the field of resort; organization of forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations; provision of prosthetic and orthopedic assistance; rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, organizing the provision of social guarantees to socially unprotected categories of citizens; social services for disabled people; conducting medical and social expertise, etc.

To fulfill the tasks, this agency organizes the activities of the State Service ITU, the State Rehabilitation Service of the Disabled and the State Rehabilitation Industry Service; It is engaged in the establishment of a causal relationship of the disease, disability or death with the effects of radiation, the relationship of the disease with the profession, organizes the reimbursement of harm caused by the health of citizens affected by radiation accidents and disasters, etc.

The leaders appointed to the post and exempted by the Government of the Russian Federation are headed by these authorities.

Financing services for the maintenance of services and agencies is carried out at the expense of funds provided for in the federal budget. Their autonomy is determined by the powers established for them with relevant regulatory legal acts - provisions on these bodies.

So, the state system of social security bodies in the federal level is a complex organizational and management structure:

Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia and its central office (departments and departments);

federal Services

federal agencies.

Social security authorities at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the district (urban) and local levels can wear different names - ministries, departments, committees, management, social development departments or social protection (regional and local social security bodies), but tasks and functions In general, they have the same.

A feature of the lower social security bodies of the population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is that they are in double subordination - the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia and the administration of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the district (city), municipalities.

2.2 Organization of work of social security bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

The empowerment of regional social security bodies of the population are determined by those tasks that are facing the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia.

The main tasks, functions and organizational structure of regional social security bodies are enshrined in provisions on these bodies, which are usually approved by acts of the executive body of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The regional social security body, or, as is commonly referred to as the regional social protection body (the regional social security body, the regional body of social protection of the population), is the sectoral authority of the executive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation, which ensures the implementation of the policy of the Russian Federation and the Social Protection Subject Elderly citizens, disabled, families with children, as well as other disabled categories of the population in need of social support.

The regional body of the SZN in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the international treaties of Russia, federal laws, other regulatory legal acts, the Constitution, the Charter or Regulations on the subject of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts on the subject of the Russian Federation, as well as the Regulations on the Regional Social Security Authority .

The regional body of the CO, as a rule, is a legal entity, has an independent balance sheet, budget and other accounts in the bank and the treasury. Financing costs for its maintenance is carried out at the expense of the funds provided for in the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation for public administration. The property needed to carry out activities is transmitted to the authority to operational management.

The Regional Body of SZN implements its activities in cooperation with the federal executive authorities, Legislature The subject of the Russian Federation, the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the departments of the FIU, FSS of Russia, local governments, organizations and public associations.

The regional authority with the state system of social security bodies. (In places, they most often have the name of social protection bodies.) The organizational structure may include:

republican, regional, regional, district and district departments (committees, departments) of social protection of the population;

institutions of nonstationary and inpatient social services;

institutions of the State Service of Medical Social Expertise (ITU);

institutions of the State Rehabilitation Service of Disabled;

social assistance institutions for persons without a certain place of residence;

center for processing information on the accrual and payment of pensions and benefits;

family assistance centers and children;

social shelters for children and adolescents;

other government agencies operating in the field of social protection of the population.

The main tasks of the regional authority are:

implementation of state policy in the field of social protection of elderly citizens, disabled, families with minor children, as well as those who need social support for other disabled groups of people living in the region;

implementation of intersectoral coordination in the field of social protection of the population and monitoring the socio-economic situation of individual groups of the population, analysis based on social support for the elderly citizens, disabled, prevention of children's carelessness and neglect, family provisions and forecasting social protection paths;

formation of the optimal network of organs and institutions of social protection, improving the efficiency of their work, the development of new forms and types of social services for the population, including by attracting non-governmental organizations;

organization of work on the introduction of modern information technologies and automated systems, the formation of a data bank of the served persons;

ensuring controlling the correct and uniform application of legislation, the requirements of state standards, other norms in the field of organizing social protection of the population.

The regional organ SZN carries out many functions, such as:

development of measures for the implementation of state policy in the field of social protection of the population (targeted and integrated programs, draft laws and other legal acts of the subject of the Russian Federation, regulating relations in the field of social protection of the population, making these projects for consideration into the relevant executive authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation and officials, Conclusion on draft legal acts prepared by other bodies of the city's executive authorities;

the implementation of the organizational and methodological guidelines for the work of undergoing social protection bodies of the population, other subordinate institutions to implement them in cooperation with the territorial bodies of the executive power of the assigned to the social protection of the population;

organization of work on the appointment and payment of benefits to families with children, monthly and lump-sum compensation to low-income residents of the region, the organization of other social benefits;

interaction with postal establishments, credit and other organizations on social benefits;

conclusion of contracts with transport organizations carrying out long-distance transport preferential categories citizens, as well as with telecom operators and reimbursement of expenses incurred in the manner prescribed by law;

organization of work on the social services of the elderly and disabled, the development of measures aimed at improving efficiency, the development of forms and types of social services, providing targeted social support for the poor.

The regional body of the CO organizes the socio-domestic, medical and cultural service of persons living in stationary institutions of social protection; Work on the medical and social expertise of citizens, and also forms and develops a network of institutions of state service ITU.

Employees of the SZN regional authority take measures to create and develop a network of organs and institutions of social protection, depending on the need for them of the population, and also contribute to the creation and development of non-state services that exercise social services of disabled population.

The main tasks of the regional SZN authority are also defined in the financial sector. These include, for example, participation in the development of the draft law on the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation; Performing managers' functions budget funds region; exercising control over the execution of the budget and the use of extrabudgetary funds and intra-industrial control of the activities of subordinate institutions and organizations; organization and holding of competitions for the placement of the order for the supply of goods; Work and provision of services for state needs in social welfare.

Taking into account the opinion of the territorial executive authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation, the regional body of the SZN is developed proposals for the development and strengthening of the material and technical base of the industry, a list of construction objects and reconstruction is formed to include them in social order and others.

The regional authority is entrusted with such tasks such as interaction with the territorial executive bodies, local governments for all issues of social protection of the population, as well as with public, charitable, commercial, non-profit organizations; identifying the need for bodies and institutions to him in experts, the implementation of control over work but the selection and placement of personnel in them; organization of training and advanced training of employees; work on the implementation of social guarantees established for civil servants; solving issues of improving the working conditions and life of employees; Implementation within its competence of monitoring compliance with federal legislation and legislation of the subject of the Russian Federation in the field of social protection of the population, etc.

IN deadlines Employees of the Regional Body CO consider proposals, statements and complaints of citizens, as well as take advances on issues related to its competence; Analyzes the causes of the conversion of citizens, and take appropriate measures to eliminate them.

To solve problems, the Regional Body CO has the right:

make proposals for improving legislation in the field of social protection of the population;

take measures to develop a system of social protection and to enter into the government of the Directory of the Russian Federation proposals for the introduction of new forms of service, on the development of a network of institutions, types of social assistance;

to summarize the practice of applying legislation on social security issues, to publish and direct in the subordinate organizations, guidance and methodological instructions in various areas of activity;

to own and use the property enshrined behind it on the right of operational management, etc.

The leadership of the SZN regional authority is carried out on the principle of uniqueness, he heads his head appointed and exempted from office executive body Subject of the Russian Federation. According to the submission of the head of the regional body SZN, his deputies are appointed and exempt from position in a similar manner.

In order to solve the main tasks set in front of the regional body, his leader is endowed with broad powers: the organization of work and management of the regional body of the SZN, coordination and control over the activities of subordinate bodies and social protection institutions; Participation in the meetings of the government of the Directory of the Russian Federation, various meetings held by the regional authorities on issues related to the competence of this authority; The introduction in the prescribed manner for consideration by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and officials of draft legal acts, proposals for improving the legislation of the region, other proposals for the activities of the regional SZN body.

Within its competence, the head of the regional body CO publishes orders and orders, mandatory for the execution by employees of the regional body and subordinate bodies and social protection institutions, carries out control over their execution, appoints to a position and relies from the position of employees of the regional authority, as well as heads of subordinate institutions. Social protection of the population, heads of stationary social service institutions and other institutions subordinate to him concludes with them labor contracts. The appointment of the heads of the lower society of social protection of the population is carried out in coordination with the heads of administrative and territorial entities. The head of the regional body of the SZN also determines the powers of his deputies, distributes the responsibilities between them, approves the official instructions of the heads of the regional divisions of the regional body, approves the provisions on the structural divisions of the regional SZN Regional Authority, the provisions (statuts) on the subordinate bodies and institutions, as well as the structure and staffing, estimates for the maintenance of employees within the allocations provided for in the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation for public administration.

The head of the regional body of the SZN is also personally related: organizes work to improve personnel training, the formation of a personnel reserve, improving the working conditions and life of employees, ensures compliance with civil servants and other employees of the Internal Labor Regulations, official instructions, Procedure for working with service documents.

As the head of the state body, he signs accounting and statistical reporting, is responsible for the correctness and timeliness of its submission, carrying out other powers in accordance with federal regulatory legal acts and regulatory legal acts of the subject of the Russian Federation.

With the regional body of the SZN, a board is formed, which includes the head of the SZN authority (chairman of the board), his deputies (members of the board of office), heads of structural divisions and subordinate organizations. Members of the Board, except for those belonging to its position, are approved by the Government of the Directory of the Russian Federation on the submission of the head of the regional SZN authority.

The board considers the activities of the regional body of the CO and the organizations subordinate to him, according to the meeting of the board, the protocols, decisions and the need are the orders of the head of the regional authority.

The main tasks of the regional SZN body, its functions, the organizational structure in one way or another is the same for all organs of the SZN of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Regional social security bodies have in their subordination by the lower bodies - district, city governments, departments, and social protection committees.

2.3 Organization of the work of local social protection authorities

The work of social protection authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (local SZN) is diverse. Employees of these bodies have to solve many urgent issues relating to the lives of citizens. The main questions are as follows: the service of elderly citizens and disabled; Ensuring some categories of citizens with social benefits; Social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities; providing state social assistance to citizens and others.

The above list does not have some issues of social welfare, such as the provision of pensions, issuing benefits to working persons (let's say, temporary disability benefits, a one-time allowance for registration in early pregnancy, etc.). This means that local SZN bodies are not directly engaged in such issues. These questions are managed by the FIU, FSS of Russia. Consequently, in terms of its powers and functions, the name of these bodies does not meet the concept of social protection of the population considered earlier. In practice, it turns out that the sphere of their activity is significantly already than the social protection content itself.

The organizational structure of local SZN bodies may include departments, subdomen, sectors, etc. often depending fromdirections of work they have appropriate names, for example, the department (sector) providing citizens with social benefits; Rehabilitation sector of persons with disabilities, etc.

Consider the organization of the work of local SZN bodies in the main directions of their activities:

-This may be the organization of work on the social services of elderly citizens and disabled

-Organization of work on the social services of children

-Work of social protection authorities with public

Let us consider the work of the SZN with publicity in more detail.

In the work of local social protection authorities, pensioners, disabled, representatives of other public organizations take part in the public basis.

There are all sorts of forms of public participation in the work of the SZNs. They function in the form of coordination councils, consulting points, public councils, public receptions for the population, public commissions, CASS mutual assistance of pensioners in local social protection bodies, etc.

The most closely local SZN bodies interact with numerous public organizations of persons with disabilities. The oldest of them are the All-Russian Society of the Blind, All-Russian Society of Deaf, All-Russian Society of Disabled Persons.

The All-Russian Society of Disabled (VOI) is a voluntary public organization of persons with disabilities, which is valid on the basis of the Charter, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Russian legislation.

Wari operates under the guidance of its elected bodies. The main objectives of the Wari are the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities, the creation of conditions providing or equal to other citizens of the country and the possibility of participating in all spheres of life of society.

In the course of its activities, VOI expresses and protects the legitimate interests and rights of persons with disabilities in the central and local government bodies, using for this purpose the right of legislative initiative; Participates in the formation of government bodies and developing decisions in cases and procedure provided for by law.

Wari also contributes to persons with disabilities in the implementation of benefits and advantages established for them, in obtaining medical care, education, employment, improving the material situation, housing and living conditions, as well as in the implementation of spiritual requests.

In addition, the Wari participates in the events held by other organizations on medical, professional, social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities and implements its own similar programs; interacts with state and public organizations and movements acting in the interests of people with disabilities.

According to the law, the VOI is carrying out entrepreneurial, economic, industrial and other legal activities to provide programs of Wari and solving statutory tasks.

Will together with state bodies and other public associations of persons with disabilities and veteran organizations (for example, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, military warriors, etc.) conduct various joint activities aimed at improving the material situation of persons with disabilities, veterans and their families.

Thus, all available public organizations and disabled people and veterans serve as a great help in the work of social security bodies for solving many problems related to the social protection of various categories of disabled citizens.

3. The role of I. modern condition Employment services in the Russian Federation

3.1 Causes and Prerequisites for Creating Employment Service

For many decades, economic science has not recognized the presence of the labor market in our country. The workforce was excluded from the sphere of commodity relations, which was argued by the absence of unemployment in the country and the presence of socialist (nationwide) property as the economic basis of the state.

It was believed that in the conditions of socialism, a person is not separated from the means of production, and this is precisely what its special attitude towards his workforce is not as a product that he sells on the market. And in fact, if the owner of the production means and a hired worker are combined in one person, no matter what purchase and sale of the workforce.

The reality showed the opposite. At all times of the existence of a socialist form of management, there has been no compounds of the employee with the means of production. He was both and remained a hired worker with a strictly fixed value determined by the minimum cost of reproduction of its labor force. Consequently, the main argument is clearly untenable, with the help of which the lack of labor in the socialism of the labor market has been proved.

Under the conditions of commodity-monetary relations, labor force cannot but act as a product, since it requires costs, the value of which depends on the qualifications, working conditions, the significance of the products it creates.

If the labor market exists, then why the equalization flourished, the poor quality of work, weak discipline of labor and the disinterest of an employee in high-performance and high-quality labor? The main reason for this is the state monopoly in the labor market. It is she who lack of normal market competition led to deep contradictions of the country's socio-economic development and caused the need to create state-owned structures regulating employment and unemployment.

Employment authorities were focused on providing social support to unemployed citizens. The result of such orientations were not only an increase in unemployment, but also the stagnation of the labor sphere, deterring the development of market relations in it. This was manifested in increasing the scale of hidden unemployment, non-payment of wages, forming an inefficient layer of workers who negatively affect all socio-economic processes (restrain the growth of labor productivity, inhibit the level of payment and structural shifts), maintain a large number of ineffective and low-paid jobs, spare Overflow of labor into the informal sector of the economy, in the orientation of half of the able-bodied citizens to maintain a stable place, even at low and not on time paid wages. All this prevented an effective and serious solution to employment problems. Specialists note a sharp decline in the use of the employment potential of Russia, the preservation of negative trends in its dynamics of quantitative and qualitative indicators. The problems of using the labor potential up to the present time were reduced, as mentioned, mainly to limit the scope of unemployment and to the organization of assistance to the unemployed. The tasks of structural restructuring in order to increase productivity, the competitiveness of domestic products and, in general, a more efficient disposal of the Company's labor potential practically turned out to be pushed to the background. Now new priorities come to the fore, namely, the increase and rational use of the country's labor potential. In order for employment policies to become effective and effective, it is necessary that it is focused on regulating the unemployment structure, on the redistribution of labor on industries, territories and types of employment in the interests of labor efficiency growth.

For this, the following tasks must be solved:

Increased demand for qualified workforce as a necessary prerequisite for labor efficiency growth, improving product quality and services.

Refrequency of personnel potential due to the employment of young people who received modern vocational education (according to the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, out of 9 thousand enterprises, bankrupt candidates, the overwhelming majority failed due to errors in managing, due to inability to organize a matter in market conditions).

Strengthening the role professional labor In income growth and the corresponding change in labor motivation (highly efficient work - high earnings).

Proactive training, retraining and advanced training of economically active citizens, first of all components of the mobile reserve of labor, taking into account the changing demand of the economy for labor in the interests of ensuring its competitiveness.

Expanding the flexibility of the labor market in both employment forms and labor modes.

The maximum possible attraction of the unemployed to public and other temporary work.

Improving the accounting of the unemployed and provision of benefits.

The provision of differentiated social support is unemployed depending on the causes of the loss of work and the readiness of a person adapt to new and higher professional requirements.

The solution to these tasks will ensure the intensification of the nature of employment policy.

Conclusion

So, in the process of a theoretical study conducted within the framework of this work, a number of scientific special literature are analyzed, as well as regulatory legal acts regulating the sphere of the problem under consideration. As a result of this study, certain conclusions were made.

So, state regulation Employment and employment provision is not so much protection and help to citizens looking for work, as one of the ways of employment of these citizens.

The state recognizes the right of every person to a completely sufficient standard of living directly for him and his family, including sufficient food, clothing and dwelling, as well as continuous improvement in life conditions. That is why, in unemployment, the state assumes a certain responsibility to carry out relevant social assistance.

The most correct definition of unemployment benefits is as follows. Unemployment benefit is a sum of money, periodically paid in the order of social protection from the relevant State Fund physical lickwhich is recognized as unemployed in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Despite the existing significant disadvantages, the system of basic guarantees of social support for the unemployed, which is provided by the state in Russia, is quite well debugged and works well. In order to resolve the financing of public works at the level of the subjects of the Federation and local self-government, it is advisable to develop a regulatory legal base on the organization of public works and their financing at all relevant levels. As for the provision of material and any other assistance to unemployed citizens, no changes in Russian legislation are foreseen, although there should be additional guarantees and in this form of support to strengthen the social security of unemployed citizens.

Thus, the goal set at the beginning of this work was achieved, and the tasks, respectively, were fulfilled.

List of used literature

1. Regulatory acts

1.Constitution of the Russian Federation. Dated 12.12.1993 (with changes and additions as of 21.07.2014) // "Meeting of the Legislation of the Russian Federation", 04.08.2014, N 31, Article 4398.

.Law of the Russian Federation dated 19.04.1991 N 1032-1 (ed. From 12/22/2014) "On employment of the population in the Russian Federation" // "Russian Gazeta", N 84, 06.05.1996

4.Federal Law of 17.07.1999 N 178-FZ (ed. Dated July 21, 2014) "On State Social Assistance" // "Meeting of Legislation of the Russian Federation", 07/19/1999, N 29, Article 3699

5.Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ (ed. From 03.02.2015) "On the general principles of organizing local governments in the Russian Federation" / "Russian newspaper", N 202, 10/08/2003.

6.Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19.06.2012 No. 608 (Ed. Dated March 14, 2015) "On approval of the Regulation on the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation" / "Meeting of the Legislation of the Russian Federation", 25.06.2012, N 26, Article 3526.

7.Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 N 324 (ed. Dated December 27, 2014) "On approval of the Regulation on Federal Service According to work and employment "/" Russian newspaper ", N 144, 08.07.2004

Tutorials, teaching aids and monograph

1.Zakharov, M.L., Tuchkov, E.G. Law of Social Security of Russia: Textbook / Zakharov M.L., Tuchkova E.G. - ed. Moscow, 2009. - 231 p.

2.Zushchina, G.M., Sultanova, R.M. Employment and unemployment in the labor market of Russia: Textbook / Zushchina, G.M., Sultanova, R. - ed. Moscow, 2011. - 123 p.

.Machulskaya, E.E., Gorbacheva J.A. Law of Social Security Tutorial / Machulskaya, E.E., Gorbacheva J.A. - ed. Moscow, 2011. - 81-83 p.

.Pashin, N.P. Employment and unemployment: Tutorial / Pashin N.P. - ed. Moscow, 2010. - 67 p.

.Suleimanova, G.V. Social Security Right: Tutorial / Suleimanova G.V. - ed. Rostov - on - Don, 2013. - 115 p.

.Suleimanova, G.V. Employment and employment. Legal regulation: Tutorial / Suleimanova G.V. - ed. Moscow, 2012. - 84 p.