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Occupational safety and safety in the construction of the instructions. Instructions for labor protection when performing construction, assembling, repair and other work with increased danger

Alimony
11.01.2021

In the production of paint and wallpaper work, it is guided by the construction standards and rules of SNIP III - 4-80 "Safety in construction".

Responsibility for compliance with these rules and implementation of safety and industrial safety activities in the production of construction and installation work is assigned to engineering and technical workers of construction and installation organizations.

The newly incoming workers are allowed to fulfill painting work only after passing the introductory (general) instruction on safety and production sanitation, as well as safety instructions directly in the workplace, which is repeated at each transition to another job or when the working conditions change. Working Complex Brigades must be instructed and trained. safe receivers For all types of work performed by them.

Re-instructions are organized for all workers every three months. The briefing is recorded in a special journal.

In addition to the briefing, no later than three months from the date of the work of the workshop for construction, it is trained in secure methods and techniques for the work approved by the chief engineer of this construction organization. At the end of the training (and in the future, annually, the knowledge of the studied methods and techniques of work and give them a working certificate. Workers associated with harmful or hazardous production should undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations in the deadlines established by the USSR Ministry of Health.

As educational and methodological centers for propaganda safety, and industrial sanitation in construction trusts, offices and equitable organizations create rooms or corners of security equipment provided by visual benefits and literature.

Working in the premises of the buildings under construction should be protected from drafts, dust, harmful vapors and gases. Special recreation places are equipped with canopies or awnings and have them at a distance of no more than 50 m from jobs.

The outdoor air temperature and wind power in this climatic area, under which the production of open air works should be discontinued or organize interruptions for heating workers are set by regional (edged, urban) executive committees of the Councils of People's Deputies.

Storage and use of polymeric materials and products. Materials and products made using polymers must meet the requirements of guests, ITUU, RTU and apply in accordance with the requirements of relevant heads of SNiP and existing sanitary and hygienic standards and rules.

Materials and products on which there are no guests, METU or RTU is allowed to be applied only after receiving the permission of the sanitary and epidemiological service, fire protection and availability approved in installed manner Instructions for their use.

When using imported paints, adhesives, mastic, wallpaper and films, pay special attention to the safety of labor when working with them, strict compliance with the branded instructions and instructions for the production of works with these materials, as well as the explosive vapor of vapor allocated by solvents glue. It is forbidden to use imported adhesives and mastics that do not have branded safety instructions for the production of works with these materials before obtaining coordination with sanitary supervisory authorities and approved instructions for their application.

The premises in which work is made using adhesives, mastic and paints, excreasing hazardous and harmful to human health, volatile pairs are provided by forced influencing ventilation. These premises should not be allowed by persons who are not involved in direct performance. To work with adhesives, mastic and paints containing toxic components, persons are allowed not under the age of 18, who have passed a preliminary medical examination and received the appropriate permits of the medical commission.

With constant execution of these works, workers should pass periodic medical examinations.

In rooms, which is stored, manufactured and used polymer materials that allocate flammable and explosive pairs are prohibited, it is prohibited to smoke and produce work related to the use of fire or sparking.

Poisonous substances need to be stored in accordance with existing sanitary standards in separate well-ventilated rooms removed from housing, canteens, drinking wells, water bodies and jobs. In the premises intended for storing poisonous substances, warning inscriptions should be posted. If various poisonous substances are stored in the same room, the tags must be painted in various colors assigned to these substances.

Lighting fittings and electric motors used in these rooms must be in explosion-proof execution. Measures should be taken to prevent the possibility of occurrence and accumulation of charges static electricity, Including not applying clothes from polymeric materials for socks in work.

When working with paint and wallpaper materials, workers should use overalls and safety devices. To protect the skin of the hands from the effects of chemically harmful compounds (for example, solutions of acids, alkalis), protective pastes and ointments, for example, chiot-6 paste (2.4% gelatin, 5.6% starch, 72% glycerol and 20% of the drow liquid ). Before starting work, the paste is applied to the skin of the hands; Before dinner, it is washed with warm water, then apply again. It is possible for these purposes to use yolts pastes (39.6% of the sound soap, 39.6% distilled water, 19.6% of castor oil, 1.2% talc) and Ier-2 (12% sodium soap, 10% of technical glycerin , 40% white clay, 38% water). Pastes of Yalts and Ier-2 are flushed with clean cold water.

The construction site on which painting works is performed, equip the dressing room for drying clothes, washbasins, shower, bathrooms. Workers should be provided with first-aid kits and means to provide first aid to victims, as well as benign drinking water.

Each worker should be trained in receiving first aid for accidents. In all cases, after providing first aid, the victim should be shown.

When operating compressors, pneumatic painting units, installations and devices:

the compressor is installed on an equal place;

before starting the compressor at the beginning of the shift (especially in the winter), the crankshaft (for the flywheel) turns several times manually;

repair and clean the compressor during operation is prohibited;

compressor installation is fencing and ground;

at the receiver and the oil separator should not be dents and looseness;

operate compressor installations And paintagnetary tanks with faulty pressure gauges or in the absence of on them a seal is prohibited.

Operating tools. Working with a mechanized tool is allowed by persons who have undergone production training and having a corresponding certificate for the right to use them. The use of the mechanized tool is allowed only in accordance with the requirements specified in the passport and manual for the manufacturer. It is forbidden to work with a mechanized tool from the bottom stairs. When interrupted in operation or when carrying to another place, the mechanized tool must be turned off. It is forbidden to leave a mechanized tool with a working engine without supervision, as well as connected to the mains or network of compressed air. When working with a mechanized tool, workers should use protective glasses.

When working with a pneumatic tool and discharge tanks, pre-check the strength of all hose compounds and purged with air. It is forbidden during operation to stretch and exercise hoses, sunbathing. Open valves only after installing the tool into the working position. Before starting work, they check the health of safety valves and pressure gauges that must be severed. Connect the hose to the compressed air pipeline is allowed only through the valves mounted on air distributors or taps from the highway. It is forbidden to include hoses directly in the highway. Attaching hoses to fitters and nipples need to be applied to tie inventory clamps. It is forbidden to mount the hoses with wire. Over time, the hoses are stored in a closed room.

When working S. kraskopult work in workwear, safety glasses, respirators and rubber gloves; Watching the working pressure does not exceed the specified in the passport. Paint sprouts that have leaks in the seams of the tank and dents are prohibited.

Hose electric pipes are used with rubber protection (type SHRPS). The electric motor is grounded, it is prohibited without grounding. Immediately stop working during damage to the pressure gauge or electrical insulation. It is monitored that the painting makeup does not fall on the electric motor body.

Pneumatic painting devices and hoses before the start of work are checked and tested for a pressure exceeding 1.5 times the working, which is indicated in the technical specifications.

When performing grinding works associated with the allocation of a large amount of dust, universal respiratory bandages are used, delaying up to 80% of dust, as well as safety glasses. For this purpose, you can use F-45 respirators, RN-16 or Universal Respirator P-2.

Scaffolding, stepladers, stairs. In the production of paintwork, only inventory tables, ladders, stewners, testers, metal forests and crackers should be used. All openings in the outer walls of the stairwells, as well as in the mines of the elevators, are protected.

Work on subords, forests and lifts (cradle) is allowed only after their testing and acceptance on the act by the leadership of the site and the construction and installation organization. For lifting workers on the forests up to 12 m high on each tier of forests, stairs are installed; With a height of more than 12 m, stairs are installed with platforms.

The rise of workers on the ability to be allowed only in the sub-stairs (stepladers) with railings. The bias of the stepladder should not exceed 1: 3. Stepladders in order to avoid shift firmly firmly on supports.

When installing the lift (cradle) for connecting to the rope consoles, they are checked, their ends are secure. The skew of the flooring on the lift may be no more than 5 °.

Safety and cargo ropes must be reliably tensioned with cargo; Distance of cargo from the ground is at least 200 mm. The working area of \u200b\u200bthe lift (crackers) is fencing. Operating the lift is allowed (with the health of all nodes) after its tests. The rope on the drums of the winches should be sweeping evenly.

The main regulatory document regulating the procedure for organizing and ensuring labor protection in construction is. According to this document, the enterprise is obligatory to carry out the following species safety Teaching in Construction:

  • induction training;
  • primary instruction in the workplace;
  • periodic (or repeat) instruction;
  • unscheduled briefing.

Induction training the employee is conducted by the chief engineer of the enterprise or safety engineer. Purpose introductory instruction is the familiarization of the employee employed with the general knowledge of safety and production sanitation

During the introductory instruction, the following highlights must be explained:

  • The main provisions of labor law and safety legislation;
  • Rules of the internal schedule, behavior in the territory and in the premises of the enterprise, the value of light and sound signaling;
  • The specificity of individual sections of the organization and evaluation of working conditions on them;
  • Characteristic accidents that occurred in this production;
  • Requirements for clothing in the work of work;
  • The procedure for the use of personal protective equipment;
  • Rules of electrical safety in the work of work;
  • First aid receptions.

An entry on the conduct of the instruction is made by the safety engineer in a special journal for incorporating injurious instructions for the painting instructed by an employee.

Primary instruction in the workplace It is carried out by a master, a forelook or other direct production leader. Tasks are usually included in the primary briefing program:

  • General acquaintance with the production and technological process in this structural division of the enterprise;
  • Familiarization with the construction machine and mechanisms;
  • The procedure for preparing for work and verification of the health of equipment, tools and equipment before starting construction and installation work;
  • The presence and methods of using safety devices;
  • Requirements for maintaining order in the workplace;
  • Familiarization with safety in the production of specific types of construction and installation work and processes;

Periodic (repeated) instruction All employees are held quarterly independently of the qualifications and experience. The briefing takes place in the form of a conversation and is supported by the analysis of specific cases from practice, as well as the consequences that occurred or could occur due to violations of production discipline and safety regulations.

Need to conduct an unscheduled briefing arises in the following cases:

  • when changing the technological process, equipment, etc., due to which the safety conditions are changed;
  • When translating workers one to another type of work;
  • In the presence of an accident that occurred due to insufficient briefing of workers to safe techniques and methods of work;
  • In violation by employees, safety regulations, technological and production discipline.

To register all events related to the provision of knowledge of labor protection rules, a master or foreman leads an account of instructions in the workplace, which makes entries on the conduct of primary, repeated and unscheduled briefings.

For a number of professions in the production of construction and installation work, an increased labor protection requirements are imposed, and therefore, the safety instructions cannot replace coursework. It is carried out with a mandatory test of knowledge, testing and issuing relevant certificates. These professions include:

  • Installers;
  • Acid-appliances;
  • Islers;
  • Malariers engaged in painting structures by nitrocracks and other materials with toxic properties;
  • Operators of the construction and assembly pistol, concrete and solid chemicals;
  • Excavaists working in the outlook in a depth of more than 2 m;
  • Transport workers engaged in loading and unloading works serving transport and lifting facilities;
  • Cessonchiki;
  • Carpenters engaged in impregnation of wood with antiseptic and flame retardant compositions;
  • Workers using ethyl gasoline;
  • Workers serving mechanisms and equipment controlled by Gosgortkhnadzor and the Gosnergonadzor.

For violations of labor legislation and labor protection rules, the head of the work of the work may carry the following types of responsibility:

  • disciplinary responsibility (reprimand, decrease in position, dismissal);
  • administrative responsibility, which is the imposition of cash fines on the guilty official of the state supervisory authorities;
  • material liability, which can be expressed either in reimbursement of losses (caused by an accident or accident due to individual workers), or reimbursement of expenses paid by the affected disability;
  • criminal, which is superimposed independently of ignorance by the guilty of the norms and rules for labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation.

Occupational safety and safety in construction is rigidly regulated and collected in the set of rules of mandatory execution. Complex objects, powerful technique, operating with huge scales, timeliness and accuracy of work require not only caution and attentiveness, but also comply with the required instructions by each participant in the process.

Safety Measures in the Construction Sphere

Safety requirements for construction work obligate:

  • Set fencing on the site.
  • Equip the territory of Passage / Drive Pointers.
  • Keep free passages / drives from clutch.
  • Dangerous zones illuminate in the dark.
  • On the fences place posters with a warning of danger.
  • Assign responsible operators for turning on / off electricity, aggregates.
  • Allowed only operators with qualifying tools to work with special windows and tools.
  • Conduct grounding of all power tools with a working voltage above 36 V.
  • Provide the connection of hoses for compressed air only through the valves on the camshafts or taps from the main line.

Potential risks of construction

The term "construction" is denoted by a complex of works conducted with regard to existing objects planned in the construction process. It turns on several directions:

  • research;
  • design;
  • coordination and receiving tolerances;
  • decision of organizational issues;
  • construction and installation work;
  • commissioning.

Each of the areas of activity has its own risks and can lead to professional diseases operators, minor damage and acute injuries, up to incompatible cases. Risks are associated with the work of operators in adverse conditions, with heavy machinery, complex mechanisms and exceeding permissible physical exertion.

Risk factors are classified by the method of damage to damage:

  • moving parts of aggregates and mechanisms;
  • the work of heavy equipment operators in limited visibility conditions;
  • lifting cargo and the possibility of their fall from height;
  • high-altitude work;
  • high bubbling or dusting air;
  • the operation of electrical appliances operators, high voltage in networks, open cable laying and their damage;
  • poisoning when working with toxic and hazardous substances;
  • non-normalized physical exertion;
  • nervous and psychological overvoltage.

Labor protection rules on construction sites

Legislative Base on Labor Protection in Russian Federation He is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. To date, the current document is "labor protection rules", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated July 01, 2015 for the number 336n.

It agrees and classified safety standards for any work in concerning buildings and structures. The list includes several directions:

  • overhaul;
  • expansion;
  • rESEARCH AND MODERNIZATION;
  • current and planned repair;
  • erecting new buildings, buildings, structures.

According to the text of the rules, 5 security sections are considered:

  • General.
  • Requirements for organizing work in the construction work.
  • Requirements for production areas and organization of jobs.
  • Requirements for labor protection during production processes and operation of equipment.
  • Requirements for transportation and storage of structures, materials, blanks and waste production.

Sanitary standards of the construction sphere

Production sanitation and labor hygiene takes into account all significant moments for operators and jobs. Over time, they have a serious impact on labor and health.

  • Position of the body of the operator when working.
  • Overalls.
  • Protection of respiratory and eyes.
  • Processing wounds and cuts.
  • Technical characteristics of tools and their content.

Incorrect position of the operator's body during the execution of permanent tasks can provoke an accident due to improving fatigue and dispersion. Therefore, all work must be negotiated in the instructions.

In the construction sphere, it is often necessary to work with aggressive and hazardous substances, in strongly dusting premises - for this, protective measures are provided in the form of respirators, mittens, safety glasses, rubber boots. Overalls are also required. It should not be rude, narrow or uncomfortable, it will lead to an increase in the risk of infection or getting burns.

Fire fighting measures

On construction sites often use heating electrical appliances. It is strictly forbidden to use faulty elements, wiring with impaired insulation, lay the wires in dangerous proximity to water. Upon completion of work, all devices must be turned off.

On the venues with the need for explosive work and open storage of the substance, smoking in the open air and any open fire within the site is prohibited.

Warehouses with lime and other substances that are not measurable with water should be equipped with powder or foam fire extinguishers. Violation of labor protection rules in the construction sphere fire safety It is fraught with termination of work before eliminating all comments. The employer also receives an impressive penalty.

Regulations on labor protection

To reduce the risks and comply with the rules for labor protection in construction before starting work should be obtained:

  • Act tolerance. Permission to carry out work on the current object.
  • Outfit. The leader is issued to work with potentially dangerous factors.
  • Technological instructions. Operator's actions algorithm in each possible situations. They have the status of legal acts and are consistent with the trade union.
  • Act of examination. The readiness of the site to carry out work in terms of safety is indicated.

The degree of responsibility for violation of safety regulations

For employees who violated safety regulations in the construction sector, a sentence is provided disciplinary penalty, penalties or dismissal, depending on the effects of violation. With repeated violation, the employee is dismissed.

Employer:

  • Penalty for the organization and penalties for responsible officials.
  • Prohibition on activity.
  • Criminal liability in violation, resulting in death or injury.

_______________________________
(name of company)

Labor protection instructions
For manufacturer of work

№ ___

city, year

I argue:

Head of the organization
______________/ F. AND. ABOUT.
"__" ___________ 20__
M. P.

Labor protection instructions
For manufacturer of work
№ ___

1. General Requirements for labor protection

1.1. This instruction provides for basic labor protection requirements for work manufacturers (construction teamworks) ( further - Travels).

1.2. Program must follow their duties in accordance with the requirements of this Instruction.

1.3. The following dangerous and harmful production factors can affect the implementation of work on the ProRAB:
- Performing work in the open air under the action of hazardous atmospheric phenomena: increased (reduced) air temperature, increased wind speed, increased (reduced) humidity, etc.;
- Split fragments from the working parts of the equipment with the possible destruction, deformable material;
- high voltage in the electrical circuit of the equipment;
- insufficient illumination of the working area;
- falling from height;
- drop in objects from height;
- Emotional tension, overwork.

Sources of harmful and dangerous production factors:
moving mechanisms and machines;
moving parts production equipment;
sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surface of the tools and devices;
defective equipment or incorrect operation;
faulty electrical equipment or incorrect operation;
lack, malfunction, incorrect operation of personal protective equipment ( further - SIZ);
no, malfunction, incorrect operation of lighting devices;
Failure or improper performance job description, labor protection instructions, internal labor regulations, local regulations governing the procedure for organizing work on labor protection, working conditions at the facility.

1.4. The foreman notifies his direct supervisor about any situation, threatening life and health of people, about every accident that happened in production, the deterioration of his health, including the manifestation of signs of acute disease.

1.5. Persons who have higher professional (technical) education and work experience in construction in engineering and technical positions for at least 3 years or secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience in construction in engineering and technical positions at least 5 years are allowed to work Having medical contraindications and past:
learning to protect labor, check knowledge of labor protection requirements;
Training to the rules of electrical safety, checking the knowledge of the rules of electrical safety in the scope of official duties;
training rules for fire safety, checking knowledge of fire safety rules in the scope of official duties;
training methods for first aid to the victim in industrial accidents;
introductory instruction on labor protection;
Introduction to the employer (or by the person authorized by him) with official duties, including labor protection, with local organizations regulatory actsgoverning the organization of work on labor protection, working conditions on objects entrusted to him ( structural units organizations);
Pre-or periodic medical examinations.

1.6. The foreman must be trained on labor protection in the form: introductory briefing, special learning For labor protection in the scope of official duties upon admission to work during the first month, further - as necessary, but at least once every 3 years.

The introductory instruction conducts an employee of labor protection service or an employee, replacing it, with all the work taken by the program approved by the employer and coordinated with the trade union committee or other representative body workers.

Programmer, in a timely manner who has passed the appropriate instruction on labor protection, an annual test of knowledge of labor protection, a periodic medical examination, is not allowed to work.

1.7. The foreman is provided by overalls and special footwear in accordance with current standards.

Issued special clothing, Special shoes and other PPEs must comply with the nature and working conditions, ensure labor safety, have a certificate of conformity.

PPE, which no technical documentation is not allowed to use.

1.8. The foreman should know:
Organizational and administrative, methodical and regulationsconcerning the production and economic activity of the site (object);
Organization and technology building production;
Design and estimate documentation for clauses under construction;
technological sequence of manufacturing construction and installation work on the site;
building regulations, technical conditions on the production and acceptance of construction and commissioning work;
the procedure for holding and registration of instructions in the workplace on secure methods of work;
the procedure for monitoring the observance of labor protection instructions;
organization of priest warehouse farms, transport and loading and unloading;
Requirements made to the quality of work performed (services), to the rational organization of labor in the workplace;
Events to prevent emergencies;
Procedure for the elimination of emergency situations;
action on man of dangerous and harmful production factors arising during operation;
Purpose of SIZ, be able to use them;
rules and norms on labor protection, safety and industrial sanitation;
The rules of the internal labor regulation established in the construction organization;
Requirements of this Instruction, Instructions on fire safety measures, electrical safety instructions, guided by them in their activities;
To be able to use fire extinguishing means when a fire occurs, cause fire protection.

1.9. While staying on the territory and in the premises of a construction organization, in areas of work and workplaces, the foreman must:
timely and accurate rules for the internal labor regulations, the disposal of the immediate leader, provided that it trained the rules for the safe implementation of this work;
comply with the requirements of local regulations on labor protection, fire safety, industrial sanitation, regulating the procedure for organizing work on the facility;
observe the discipline of labor, labor and recreation;
take care of the property of the employer;
Perform only the work included in its official duties, to work on the task of the direct supervisor.

1.10. Smoking and eating food only in specially designated places for this purpose. Before meals, you need to thoroughly wash your hands with soap.

2. Requirements for labor protection before work

2.1. Provide personal safety in the work of work.

2.1.1. Arriving to work in advance to exclude a rush and, as a result, falling and cases of injuries, while:
do not rise and do not go down to run on flight marches;
Do not sit down and do not climb on fences and random items;
Pay attention to safety signs, signals and fulfill their requirements.

2.1.2. Check availability and serviceability of SIZ, put on them and rely on the standards of workwear and footwear, put everything in order.

2.1.3. Fasten the overalls on all buttons, fill the hanging ends per belt. Do not hold sharp, fighting items in your pockets.

2.1.4. Check availability and serviceability (integrity) of equipment, necessary tools, devices, conveniently post them.

2.1.5. Inspect workplace, remove all unnecessary items.

2.1.6. Check the approaches to the workplace, the path of evacuation for compliance with the requirements of labor protection.

2.1.7. Set the sequence of operations.

2.1.8. Check the availability of fire fighting agents, first aid kits (its complete set).

2.1.9. Check external inspection:
Reliability of closing all current equipment devices;
the presence and reliability of grounding compounds (no cliffs, the strength of the contact between the metal inadpecific parts of the equipment and grounding wire);
the integrity of the insulation of electrical storage and power cords of the electrical appliances, the health of safety devices;
adequacy of the workplace lighting;
Lack of foreign objects around the equipment;
Floor condition (absence of chosel, irregularities, etc.).

2.1.10. All selected shortcomings and faults immediately inform the employee responsible for eliminating the identified disorders.

2.2. Ensure security and make admission to the work of direct subordinates.

2.2.1. Visually check general state subordinate employee. With suspicion of general ailment, send an employee to the medical board. With suspected alcoholic intoxication Take measures to remove it from work.

2.2.2. Check for subordinate workwear, specialobuvi, PPE, their external condition and health.

2.2.3. View their jobs.

2.2.4. Once in 10 days to inspect the devastation to the record in the journal of work.

2.2.5. Check availability and serviceability, tools, devices, etc.

2.2.6. Check for fire fighting products, first aid kits.

2.2.7. Make sure the reliable lighting of jobs.

2.2.8. Get the outfit and familiarize workers with job safety activities, place an instruction with a record in the outfit.

2.2.9. Machine a production task.

2.3. Getting to work after eliminating all violations and malfunctions.

2.4. Process should not be proceeded to work in the presence of the following violations of labor protection requirements:
- in the presence of a malfunction specified in the manual of the manufacturer's factory for the operation of production equipment at which its use is not allowed;
- with late conduct of the next tests (technical inspection) of the specified equipment;
- in the absence or malfunction of tools, devices, fencing, protective devices, devices, etc.;
- in the absence or malfunction of personal protective equipment;
- in the absence of fire fighting agents, first aid kits;
- With insufficient illumination of the workplace and approaches to it.
- without outfits to the work of work;
- without passing a periodic medical examination.

3. Requirements for labor protection during work

3.1. Perform work in accordance with your job duties.

3.2. Prevent unaffected and unauthorized persons to their work.

3.3. Apply the necessary equipment, fixtures, lighting devices for safe operation, use them only for those for which they are intended.

3.4. Monitor the work of the equipment, periodically conduct its visual preventive inspection.

3.5. When defective equipment, devices, etc. are found, other violations of labor protection requirements, which cannot be eliminated by their own, as well as in the event of a threat to health, personal or collective security, it is necessary to report this to the employee responsible for eliminating the identified disorders, either to a higher supervisor.

Do not start work before the elimination of violations revealed.

3.6. Construction work should be organized in accordance with the requirements of existing technological documents (norms, instructions, regulations) approved in the prescribed manner.

3.7. In the performance of official duties, comply with the rules for moving in premises and on the territory of the organization, to use only established passages.

3.8. Armenia, passes in production areas, as well as passages to work sites and at workplaces should be kept clean and the procedure, cleaned from garbage and snow, not climbated by storage materials and structures.

3.9. Know and track audio and light signals installed on the object, pay special attention to moving vehicles.

3.10. When working with electrical equipment, comply with the rules of their operation in accordance with labor protection instructions.

3.11. When working with electrical appliances:
- circuit breakers and electric fuses must always be properly;
- insulation of electrical wiring, electrical appliances, switches, plug sockets, lamp cartridges and luminaires, as well as cords, with which electrical appliances are included in the power supply, should not have breakdowns;
- To heal water, use only certified electrical appliances with a closed spiral and an automatic shutdown device using non-aggravated supports.

When breaking in power supply and care from the workplace, turn off the equipment.

3.12. Control over compliance with the subordinate labor protection rules and safety, industrial and labor discipline.

3.13. To ensure the use of technological equipment (forests, scaffolding, protective devices, fixtures of the walls of kittlers and trenches, trenches, conduits and other devices), building machines, energy installations, vehicles and protective equipment.

3.14. Follow the observance by workers to carry weights, cleanliness and order in the workplace, in the aisles and on access roads, the right content and operation of crane routes, providing jobs for safety signs.

3.15. In the process of execution of official duties, the foreman should be attentive, not to be distracted by outsiders and conversations, do not rush.

3.16. When working together to coordinate your actions with the actions of other workers.

3.17. Noticing a violation of labor protection requirements by another employee, the foreman should be prevented about the need to comply with them.

3.18. Properly apply overalls, footwear and other PPEs.

3.20. Perform sanitary norms and comply with the modes of work and recreation.

3.21. Observe the regulated breaks in the work set by the working time regime.

3.22. Observe the rules of fire safety, the requirements of this instruction, other local regulations governing the organization of work on labor protection, working conditions on a specific construction site.

3.23. Strictly performed by deadlines Orders and order of management, officials responsible for the implementation of industrial control, as well as the prescriptions of representatives of state supervision bodies.

3.24. When performing work, prohibition is prohibited:
operate instruments with faulty electrical wiring;
Clean from contamination and dust included lighting apparatus and electrical lamps;
repair electrical appliances independently;
hanging the electric pipe on the nails, metal and wooden items, twist the wire, lay the wire and cords on the water pipes and the heating batteries, hang anything on the wires, pull the plug from the socket behind the cord;
Applying household electrical appliances and portable lamps designed to work in the premises;
use homemade electric heating devices and electrical appliances with an open spiral;
Adopt to portable electrical wires, cables lying on the floor, ground.
produce work without the use of necessary PPE;
Drink alcohol and low alcohol drinks, narcotic substances.
Store and eat food and drinks in the workplace.

4. Requirements for labor protection in emergency situations

4.1. When liquidation emergency situation It is necessary to act in accordance with the approved accident elimination plan.

4.2. When malfunctions of equipment, devices and equipment, as well as in case of other conditions that threaten the lives and health of employees, should be stopped and informing their direct supervisor about them.

4.3. When the fire appears, it is necessary:
disable electrical equipment;
stop work;
organize the evacuation of people;
Immediately proceed to stew fire.

When sunbathing electrical equipment, it is necessary to use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers.

4.4. If it is impossible to make expectation by the Own Program, the forelook should be in the prescribed manner fire team And report this to the direct supervisor.

4.5. In case of injury or deterioration of the well-being, the foreman must stop working, inform the leadership and contact medical care.

4.6. In case of injury or deterioration of the well-being in subordinate an employee to remove it from work and send to the medical center, and if necessary, cause urban ambulance aid.

4.7. If an accident occurred, an eyewitness was the foreman, he should:
stop work;
Immediately report on the happening direct supervisor;
immediately output or bear the victim from the danger zone;
to provide the victim first aid;
call a doctor or urban ambulance;
Help to organize the delivery of the victim to the nearest medical institution.

4.8. In order to investigate the circumstances and the reasons for the accident, the foreman should inform the Commission known to him about the incident in the accident.

5. Requirements for labor protection at the end of work

5.1. Finish work, take the results of the work of subordinate employees.

5.2. Inspect the workplace, clean up.

5.3. Equipment, documentation, etc. Remove the place intended for them.

5.4. When working with electrical equipment, turn off it from the network.

5.5. Remove overalls. Contaminated overalls must be handed over to washing.

5.6. Wash hands, face warm water, take a shower.

5.7. To report to the direct supervisor about all violations of the production process, labor protection requirements, cases of injury in production.

6. Final provisions

6.1. For non-compliance with the safety requirements set out in this Instruction, the foreman is responsible under the legislation.

6.2. Control over the implementation of this Instruction is assigned to the responsible labor protection.

Developed: _______________ / ______________ /

Safety is an organization system technical events and funds preventing the impact of hazardous production factors working.

Safety is a combination of organizational and technical measures and funds preventing the impact on working hazardous production factors. Dangerous production factor - This is a factor, the impact of which on a working leads to injury or another sudden deterioration of health.

Norms and safety regulations that extend to construction and installation and special construction work, regardless of the departmental subordination of organizations performing these works, are contained in SNiP II1-4-80 "Safety in construction". Engineering and technical workers of construction workers, as well as brigadiers should know well and strictly observe the indication of the responsibility of the administrative and technical staff of the construction equipment and production sanitation, which determine the procedure for implementing activities on, labor protection.

At construction sites, where, as the construction and installation processes are fulfilled, the situation and working conditions of workers are often changing and the production of works lead several organizations, compliance with the safety regulations is not only responsible, but also a challenge.

For a successful solution to this task, high quality of design solutions is required, the detailed development of work projects, including technological maps.

It is also necessary that the high quality of the materials used, products, structures and construction machines and mechanisms, efficient sound or light alarms must be provided, and the inventory devices used in construction and the assembly equipment must meet all safety requirements.

In accordance with current standards and rules, the construction administration must organize instructing, learning and verification of knowledge of workers and technical personnel in the field of safety with the mandatory documentary design.

These events are carried out in accordance with the "standard work programs for working safe methods of labor and testing knowledge of engineering and technical safety workers in construction."

The newly applicants for the construction of workers can be allowed only after passing the input (general) instruction on safety and safety instructions directly in the workplace. In addition, no later than 3 months from the date of admission to work, it is necessary to study on secure methods of work on the approved program.

Safety instructions need to be carried out when moving to new job Or when changing the working conditions. Every year, knowledge of safety, both workers and engineering workers should be checked.

To work on specially dangerous and harmful production, which also includes installation of structures at height, refractory, acid-resistant and insulation work, processes using radioactive substances etc., workers are allowed only after the appropriate learning and passing the exam.

Working in hazardous and harmful conditions it is necessary to produce personal protective equipment, warning the possibility of accidents, and overalls protecting the body from the influence of harmful factors ambient. Workers must be instructed by the rules for the use of protection issued by them.

In order to better absorption, the safety regulations are issued memo for workers of various professions. A significant effect on the prevention of injuries gives visual agitation in the form of posters, extended near workplaces, in household premises, etc.

Security measures when working at height.

An important factor in the safety of finishing work at height is the right organization of jobs, including a system of measures to equip the workplace with the necessary means: subords, testers, stairs, as well as means of individual protection.

The most difficult is the problem of providing the transition from one workplace to others. At the same time, working as it is necessary to move on top of vertical, horizontal and inclined planes. The transition is carried out by stairs.

When working at the height, apply inventory forests and scaffolding made according to typical projects. Uninterruptible forests can be used only in excluded cases and only with the permission of the main construction engineer.

Auxiliary devices must be durable, stable, have dense flooring and fences of the workplaces, as well as a convenient message between tiers.

The main causes of injuries when working at an altitude associated with forests and submits are:

  • - Approach for the lumpiness of random supports;
  • - installation of forests in unplanned sites;
  • -Dostasy fastening of forests and scaffolding;
  • - Activity of solid flooring and fences
  • -Overload

Forest accidents are usually accompanied by group trauma, mostly with severe outcomes for victims. Persons working at height must be used by safety belts.

When performing decorative plasters for their staining, it is strictly forbidden to use pigments harmful to health, which have a lead additive in their composition.

When working materials with toxic components, it is necessary to apply individual protection measures. Serve machines or mechanisms are allowed only by plasterers that have completed relevant advanced training courses.

It is forbidden without a driver to put the car or mechanisms, turn on electricity, remove and wear driving straps on the move.

Safety in production plastering.

  • 1. Without a device of durable solid flooring on the beams of overlaps to produce inner plaster premises is prohibited.
  • 2. In the staircase cells, work at height from the bottom stairs is not allowed.
  • 3. In the production of plastering work, scamming on random items: heating devices, sinks, etc. is prohibited.

Plastering "individual" small places (sealing holes after installing sanitary equipment, etc.) is made with reliable loss or stairs.

  • 4. Watching outdoor window slopes in the absence of outdoor forests should be made from the flooring released from windows of windows. When the internal slopes are plastered, measures should be taken against the possible fall of the workers of the opening.
  • 5. When working with outdoor forests at the same time on several tiers, the arrangement of workers on the invigays located on one vertical is prohibited,
  • 6. When drying fresh plaster with a special machine or brazers, the input of workers in an unbelled room without a gas mass is prohibited.
  • 7. It is prohibited to enter into solutions for color plaster Paints (lead Surik, lead crowns, etc.), copper and arsenicist (medelka, etc.).
  • 8. When plastered with a mortar pump and cement-gun, the operator must be equipped with safety glasses.
  • 9. The scene of the mortar pumps and the operator's workplace must be associated with the actual signaling. Motorist is obliged to closely monitor the fastened start signals and stopping the pump. The operation of the pump without alarm is prohibited.
  • 10. The mortar pump before starting to work should be tested for 15 am. Test results are executed by the act. The exceeding the limit pressure of the mortar pump during operation is categorically prohibited.
  • 11. During the operation of the mortar pump and cement-guns, the hoses are not allowed and tightening the seals.
  • 12. After completion of work, it is not allowed to remove the air valve and the transition nozzle, without making sure that the pressure fell to zero.
  • 13. In the locations of the workers, the hoses must be blocked by transitional bridges.
  • 14. It is not allowed to increase compressed air pressure in the cement-gun above the limit for this design.
  • 15. Production of compressed air hoses to remove traffic jams from "hoses is allowed only after removing the dangerous zone of persons who are not involved in the purge.
  • 16. Cleaning and repairing cement-guns is allowed only after turning off it from the compressor (the closure of air valves at the compressor and the cement-gun). After that, the pressure drop in the pipeline and hoses system should be checked.

Safety in the production of painting works.

Basic security requirements for painting work, including storage, preparation and application of painting compositions, establishes SNIP W-4-80 "Safety Safety" and GOST 12.3.005-75 SSBT "Operations Painting. General Safety Requirements".

Persons who have been trained, testing knowledge of safety regulations, production sanitation and fire safety, which have received introductory instructions and instruction in the workplace are allowed to independently work on the preparation of painting.

Caps engaged in the preparation of paint materials are subjected to preliminary medical examination. During the direction to work and the periodic medical examination at least once every six months. The mechanisms are allowed by persons who have the right to manage them.

Couples of substances that are part of solvents (acetone, butyl acetate, toluene, xenol, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene and a number of other harmful substances) form explosive mixtures with air with a fairly large interval between the lower and the upper concentration limits of the explosiveness. They are also toxic, annoy airways The person acts dangerously on the blood, the nervous system, the skin of the human body. Therefore, in handling them should strictly follow the requirements of personal and collective security.

In rooms where paints are preparing and stored, it is strictly prohibited: smoking, breeding fire, use soldering lamps, produce electric welding and other working with metal, as well as working with stone, ceramics, etc., i.e. Avoid work under which the formation of sparks and the emergence of the flame is possible.

These premises are necessarily equipped primary means Fire safety (alarm and detectors, fire extinguishers, special tools, etc.). For lighting, lamps are used in special reinforcement with a voltage of not more than 42 V.

An important issue is to provide the working complex of the necessary means of individual protection.

Protective pastes prepared from various materials softening the skin are used to protect the skin. These pastes are preventive and must be used before work. Before applying paste, wash your hands with soap and wipe them to dry. Then 6 ... 8 g pastes are triturated between palms until the ignition and rub into the skin.

After work, you first need to wash off the paste, and then wash your hands with warm water with soap. To quickly remove the paint, settling on the face, before starting work, the face is recommended to lubricate the purified vaseline. Before washing, Vaseline, together with the paint, is easily removed by cotton. When nauseous, headaches, the formation of hands or other signs of poisoning should be consulted.

Workers engaged in the preparation of paint compositions are provided by the means of individual protection (masks, glasses, gloves, pastes, respirators), overalls and special footwear.

It is necessary to observe special care when working with alkali and acids - containers with these materials should be moved by special devices, to transfer filled bottles only together on special stretchers, prepare solutions in separate rooms equipped with exhaust ventilation. .

Dilute paint solvent should be in a specially designated place equipped with local forced ventilation. Moreover, the solvent is poured into paint with small portions into the metal dishes, eliminating the possibility of education of sparks when hitting.

If during the manufacture of lacquer compositions, bitumen, rosin, wax, is required, then it is necessary to take measures against their splashing and ignition. Cooking Olifa, requiring a high temperature (up to 250 ° C), is made in a special room. In this case, the cooking boiler is filled with no more than 3l volume. Outdoors, cook Olif is prohibited, it is boiled in the premises in special electric tanks. Heated solvents to boiling is not allowed.

Specially prepared workers are allowed to control machines, mechanisms and devices for the preparation of paint compositions, which must constantly control the serviceability of the equipment, its fire and explosion safety. Electrical equipment with a voltage of more than 42. B must be reliably grounded, while the integrity and reliability of the insulation of the conductors is ensured.

The draining and the issuance of flammable liquids is made only in the metal hermetically closing container with the pumps through the copper grid. Special circles and closing containers are used to fill the paints.

Paintwork materials are allowed to store in special premises equipped with racks (no more than two rows), lifting, fire extinguishers, sandboxes and other inventors to extinguish a fire. On barrels and bids should be labels or tags with the name of the material, its brand, number, date of manufacture and weight.

Coal lacquer, aluminum powder and solvent flammable, so they should be stored in the warehouse of flammable materials. Carrying out the aluminum powder can be dry sand, alumina or magnesite. It is forbidden to use water for these purposes.

Bulp container stored on special sites located at a distance of at least 20 m from the warehouse and production buildings. On these venues, it is impossible to carry out work, with open fire.

In order to avoid the explosion, during the inspection, the springs cannot be used by matches and other sources of fire.

It is allowed to work with paints with toxic properties, workers who have reached the age of 18, who have passed a medical examination. The malaria is allowed to work after the introductory briefing and briefing directly in the workplace. The workplace of the Malar is provided by tested inventory devices and fences, protective equipment in accordance with the project manufacturing project.

In places of use of nitrobras and other paints; The materials and compositions forming explosive pairs are prohibited by the use of fire or claiming sparking. Wiring in these places should be de-energized or made in explosion-proof execution.

During breaks in the work of containers with such substances, close corks or lids. The workplace of the malarier operator provides alarm (sound or light) with a painting station. It is not allowed to produce paintwork without fences at an altitude of more than 1.3 m, outdoor painting works on the forests during a thunderstorm, ice, fog, with wind by force 15 m / s.

Malari for safe work must be ensured by safety devices:

When grinding surfaces, working with a pneumatic painting machine - PO-3 safety glasses;

When working with organic solvent pairs - RU-60 M respirator or RMP-62;

When working at an altitude without fences - the belt safety;

When washing the walls with a solution of hydrochloric acid - Protective glasses of PO-3, rubber boots and acid-resistant gloves, apron;

With a mechanized applying putty on the surface and its stripping - Points of PO-3.I painting building structures, reinforcement and closed containers perchlorvinyl varnishes - gas masks with forced feeding of clean air. When painting and the engineering of surfaces - Points of PO-3. In the presence of a vapor of organic solvents in the case of coloring perchlorvinyl lacquer - anti-mask PSH-1 or PSh-2 or automatic respiratory AFM.

Along with this, all the painters should work strictly in the workwood stipulated by the norms and the specialobuvi. For the protection of the skin, two-layer special gloves are used, PER-1 or Hyot-6 paste.

When working with a pneumatic instrument, it is necessary:

Make sure the working part of the tool (fishing rods, nozzles, spray gun, the machines for grinding the sputum surface and others). Check availability and serviceability of the pressure gauge, stamp. Turn on the tool only after installing it in the working position.

It is impossible to carry out work on several tiers of forests in one vertical without intermediate protective flooring. For painting works on stair marches, special scaffolds are used, in which supports have different lengths, or retractable racks installed on the steps. It should also be borne in mind that it is not allowed to apply the method of pulverization of paints, enamels and primers containing lead connections.

Responsibility for ensuring healthy and safe Conditions Labor in accordance with the above requirements is assigned to the head of the work - Master or Proba.

Safety in the performance of facing works.

In the production of facing work, it is necessary to strictly follow the safety regulations shown in SNIP W-4-80 "Safety in construction". At the same time, facing vendors should be organized so that the full safety of work is provided. The processing of the edges of ceramic tiles and their cutting, ticking and drilling holes in them, as well as the correction of cladding defects associated with knocking out tiles, perform in protective glasses, mittens and corresponding overalls.

Wasing surfaces with tiles is performed in attacks or rubber gloves to protect hands from direct contact with solutions and mastic. If the mastic is prepared using volatile solvents, then in the process of their use, the factor must work with a suitable respirator, and in the room it is necessary to ensure efficient supply and exhaust ventilation.

When gluing polystyrene tiles is prohibited to smoke, use electrical heating devices, voyage quarters, soldering and other works associated with the use of flame and the formation of sparks. Banks with mastic should be opened only before use. At the end of work, they are tightly covered with covers, stored in a specially equipped room (stock).

Forest flooring, dumps, stepladers used for cladding and located at an altitude of more than 1.1 m on the level of land or overlap, are fencing with a height of at least 1 m, consisting of a handrail, one intermediate element and onboard boards with a height of at least 15 cm.

The safety of work with electrical manual machines is provided by their design, proper operation and organized by their condition. Handling materials are carried out in stacks with a height of no more than 1 m with free passages to them with a width of at least 1 m.

Electrical safety.

The modern construction of industrial and civil buildings and structures is associated with the wide use of electrical energy. The overwhelming number of construction mechanisms are powered by electrical energy.

Electricity is used to illuminate jobs in the dark, especially in the production of work in the second and third shift. In all areas of electrical energy use, there are cases of lesion of people electric shock.

The electrical stress externally does not show itself, and the organs of the senses of a person who does not have contact with the conductors of electricity, do not detect threatening danger.

Electric current lesion occurs at the time of touching the uninsulated, current-carrying parts with such a speed that a voltage person is often deprived of the possibility of self-esteem from them.

Production facilities according to the degree of danger of electric shock are divided into three groups:

  • -Some without increased danger;
  • - Assignment S. increased danger;
  • -Motions are particularly dangerous.

Premises without increased danger are dry rooms with relative humidity of not more than 75% and temperature within +5 - + 25 with floors with high electrical resistance without conductive dust.

Fire safety.

Fires on construction sites arise:

From random sparks and abandoned cigarette cigarettes that came to flammable and combustible materials - chips, sawdust, washed rags;

from drawn up without viewing fire in the furnace;

due to electrical wiring; from non-shut-off electrical appliances;

with improper storage and use of combustible and unforgettable materials, diluents, solvents and paints;

from non-compliance with the rules in the cooking of adhesives, the manufacture and heating of flammable mastic and other materials.

To reduce the danger of fires, material waste is stored in underground storage facilities at a distance of 25-50m from warehouses, temporary buildings and main buildings. Chip, sawdust, chips are removed daily into specially designated places and periodically export.

Ragged, impregnated with olphic or turpentine, is immediately removed in specially selected sources. For smoking, there are places equipped with water barrels and sand boxes.

To extinguish the emerging fires on all construction sites there should be an inviolable stock of water, and in production roomsBuilding under construction, warehouses and in the warehouses are installed one fire extinguisher at 50-200m area and at least 2-3 per floor. In addition, on the construction site there must be barrels with water, sandboxes, shovels, buckets and other fire fighting equipment.

Responsibility for fire activities and security is the management of construction, and separate objects Manufacturer of works and master.

Ears, cuts when performing finishing works.

The main causes of mechanical injuries in production may be lack of other devices, a faulty tool or incorrect handling of it, it is necessary to properly equip the workplace, reflect in terms of safety.

Poisoning.

Poisoning of harmful dust, paint and varnish materials. Signs of poisoning is: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness. For this, measures are needed to combat air pollution, work in respirators, to air the room. Currently, the application of new technologies avoids harmful odors and dust.