Project types of armed forces of the Russian Federation. The Russian Army is a long path to perfection

Branches of the Armed Forces are their component parts, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces, the Aerospace Forces, and the Navy. Each Branch of the RF Armed Forces is distinguished by the types of troops (forces), their weapons, quantitative composition, acquisition of military equipment, supplies, training and service of personnel.

Ground troops

The Ground Forces are the largest, most diverse branch of the Russian Armed Forces in terms of weapons and methods of conducting combat operations. They are designed to ensure national security and protect our state from external aggressors on land.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is Colonel General Salyukov Oleg Leonidovich, born in 1955

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was appointed to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the Russian Armed Forces in May 2014. Participant in hostilities. Awarded nine medals and four orders. In 2003 he was awarded a diploma and badge of the Supreme Council of the Forum “Public Recognition”.

Composition of the Russian Ground Forces

Motorized rifle troops are the largest branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces.

Tank troops are the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used primarily with motorized rifle troops in the main directions.

Missile forces and artillery are a branch of the Ground Forces that are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy during combined arms operations.
The Air Defense Forces are a branch of the Ground Forces whose task is to repel enemy air strikes and protect troops and rear support assets from air strikes.
Reconnaissance units and military units are classified as special forces. Their task is to collect information about the enemy, the state of the terrain and weather in order to make a decision on the operation, as well as to prevent sudden enemy actions.
Engineer troops are special troops that use engineering weapons to inflict losses on the enemy through the use of engineered ammunition.
Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops (RCBZ) are special troops designed to carry out complex activities in conditions of radiation, chemical and biological contamination.
Signal troops are special troops designed to deploy communications systems and provide command and control of formations and units of the Ground Forces in peacetime and war.

Aerospace Forces

Aerospace forces are a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that is designed to conduct reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, as well as detect the beginning of an enemy air and missile (aerospace) attack and notify control authorities about it.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation is Colonel General Viktor Nikolaevich Bondarev, born in 1959.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2012, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation. For the courage and heroism shown in the performance of military duty during the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 21, 2000, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

Composition of the Russian Aerospace Forces

On August 1, 2015, the Air Force and the Aerospace Defense Forces merged into a new branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - the Russian Aerospace Forces

Air Force - designed to repel aggression in the air and protect air strikes from high-level command posts, as well as defeat enemy troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.
Space Forces - the main tasks are to monitor space objects and identify threats to Russia in space and from space. Launching spacecraft into orbit.
Air and missile defense troops solve the problem of repelling aggression in the aerospace sphere and protecting against enemy strikes, as well as defeating the warheads of ballistic missiles of a potential enemy attacking important government facilities.

Navy

The Navy is intended for the armed defense of Russian interests and the conduct of combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war, capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, as well as destroying the enemy at sea and bases.

The Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy is Admiral Vladimir Ivanovich Korolev, born in 1955.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation in April 2016, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

Awarded the Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” 3rd degree, honorary polar explorer 2015 and other medals.

The operational and strategic formations of the Navy are:

Baltic Fleet, headquarters Kaliningrad
Northern Fleet, headquarters Severomorsk
Black Sea Fleet, headquarters Sevastopol
Caspian Flotilla, headquarters Astrakhan
Pacific Fleet, headquarters Vladivostok

Navy structure

The Navy includes the following forces:

Surface forces
Submarine forces
Naval aviation: (coastal, deck, strategic, tactical)
Coastal Fleet Forces: (Marines, Coastal Defense Forces)

Branch of the military

A branch of the armed forces is understood as a part of a branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Russian Armed Forces these are the Strategic Missile Forces and the Airborne Forces.

The basis of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.

Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, Russia's national interests require sufficient military power to defend itself. The history of Russia constantly reminds us of this - the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.

And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the development trends of the modern military-political situation, are more than real.

The composition and organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the system of recruitment and management of them, military duty will be discussed in this section.

Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They represent a state military organization that makes up the country's defense.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”, the Armed Forces are intended to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces can also be involved in solving problems that are not related to their main purpose, but affect the national interests of Russia. Such tasks could be:

participation together with internal troops and law enforcement agencies in the fight against organized crime, in protecting the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens;
ensuring collective security of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
carrying out peacekeeping missions both in the near and far abroad, etc.

These and other complex tasks are carried out by Russian troops in a certain composition and organizational structure (Fig. 2).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command bodies, associations, formations, units, divisions and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and in troops not included in the branches and branches of the armed forces.

TO central authorities include the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central command bodies include the Main Commands of the Armed Forces.

Type of Armed Forces- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces. Air Force, Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Branch of the military

Under branch of the army is understood as a part of the branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by basic weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Russian Armed Forces these are the Strategic Missile Forces, Space Forces and Airborne Forces.

Rice. 1. Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Associations- these are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. Associations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational formation. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them. The word “connection” means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). All together this is the division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which has the status of a unit in itself. In this case, the brigade headquarters, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, the units include division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (voentorg, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison officers' house, garrison household goods services, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Units can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and ships of the Navy are awarded the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of “division”, “divide” - a part is divided into subdivisions.

TO organizations These include such structures supporting the life of the Armed Forces as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and maintain their reserves, prepare and operate communication routes, ensure military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary and hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics tasks provision. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, and warehouses with supplies of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear security and other units and units.

Quartering and arrangement of troops— activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, the cantonment of troops, the creation of conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of combat operations.

Troops that are not included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops are intended to protect the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Russian FSB.

Their tasks also follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection of state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organizing the passage of persons, vehicles, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and protecting marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful attacks.

The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: preventing and suppressing armed conflicts and actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament of illegal groups; compliance with the state of emergency; strengthening public order policing where necessary; ensuring the normal functioning of all government structures and legally elected authorities; protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

One of the most important tasks of the internal troops is to participate, together with the Armed Forces, according to a single concept and plan, in the country’s territorial defense system.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural assets on the territory of the Russian Federation from dangers arising during the conduct of military operations or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.

In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense troops are: participation in events aimed at preventing emergency situations (emergency situations); training the population in ways to protect themselves from dangers arising during emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate threats from emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural assets from dangerous areas to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including to foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing them with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires arising as a result of emergencies.

In wartime, Civil Defense troops solve problems related to the implementation of measures for the protection and survival of the civilian population: construction of shelters; carrying out activities on light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into hot spots, areas of contamination and contamination, and catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during military operations or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintaining order in areas affected by military operations or as a result of these actions; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of necessary communal facilities and other elements of the population support system, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.

Armed Forces Leadership and Control System

The general management of the Armed Forces (and other military formations and bodies) of the Russian Federation is carried out by Supreme Commander-in-Chief. According to the Constitution and the Law “On Defense” it is President of Russia.

Exercising your powers. The President determines the main directions of the military policy of the Russian Federation, among which the most important place is occupied by the problems of creating, strengthening and improving the military organization, technical equipment of the Armed Forces, determining the prospects for the development of military equipment, and the mobilization capabilities of the state. It approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, the plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the mobilization plan of the Armed Forces, which determines the procedure for the work of state authorities of Russia, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government and the country's economy in wartime. In conditions of peace, the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation is being prepared and approved by the President; it is planned to create reserves of material assets of state and mobilization reserves. In addition, the President approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan.

The President of the Russian Federation approves federal state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex. The President of the country also approves plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste. He also approves all nuclear and other special testing programs.

Carrying out direct control of the Armed Forces, he approves the structure and composition of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations up to and including unification, as well as the staffing level of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The most important documents, such as general military regulations, regulations on the Battle Banner of a military unit, the Naval flag, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, are approved by the President of the Russian Federation and represent the laws of army and naval life.

Twice a year, the President issues decrees on, as well as on the dismissal from military service of military personnel serving under conscription.

As the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the country, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation on martial law, enacts and terminates wartime regulatory legal acts, forms and abolishes executive authorities for the period of wartime in accordance with the federal constitutional law on martial law. In the event of aggression against Russia or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation issues a Decree on the introduction of martial law. It can be introduced throughout the country or in specific areas that have been attacked, threatened with attack, or that are of particular importance for the defense of the country. By introducing martial law, the President vests special powers in government bodies, local governments and organizations. When martial law is introduced, special military command bodies may be created, whose power extends to civilians. All bodies and officials are instructed to assist the military command in the use of forces and means of a given territory for defense, ensuring security and order. Some constitutional rights of citizens may be limited (for example, freedom of assembly, demonstration, freedom of the press).

When martial law is introduced, the President of the Russian Federation immediately informs the Federation Council and the State Duma about this. The Presidential decree on the introduction of martial law must be approved by the Federation Council.

The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal laws, has the right to make a decision on involving the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in carrying out tasks using weapons not intended for their intended purpose.

The President of Russia forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Its main functions are the development of proposals to ensure the protection of the constitutional system, state sovereignty, territorial integrity of the country, and participation together with other bodies in the development of the military policy of the Russian Federation.

Thus, fulfilling his constitutional duties and tasks assigned to him by the Federal Law "On Defense", the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces ensures the country's preparation to repel possible aggression, manages all aspects of the process of maintaining the Russian army and navy in a combat-ready state appropriate country level.

Powers of the Federation Council and State Duma in the field of defense

In the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the representative and legislative body is the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Constitution and the Law “On Defense” clearly define the powers of the Federal Assembly in the field of defense.

Council of the Federation is the upper house of the Federal Assembly and acts as a body of representation of the constituent entities of the Federation. His jurisdiction includes the approval of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons in carrying out tasks not for their intended purpose, resolving the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside territory of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma, as well as federal laws in the field of defense adopted by the State Duma.

The State Duma is a representative body of the entire population of the Russian Federation and consists of deputies elected by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.

The State Duma considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget; adopts federal laws in the field of defense, thereby regulating various aspects of activities related to the organization of defense and military development.

In addition to these powers, the Federation Council and the State Duma exercise parliamentary control in this area through their committees on security and defense.

Government of the Russian Federation- one of the main bodies for exercising state power in the Russian Federation. It heads the system of federal executive authorities.

In accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation takes measures to ensure the country's defense and security. The content of government activities in this area is formulated in more detail in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”. According to this law, the government: develops and submits to the State Duma proposals for defense spending in the federal budget; organizes the supply of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with materiel, energy and other resources and services according to their orders; organizes the development and implementation of state weapons programs and the development of the defense industrial complex;

determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces; organizes the development of the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes and takes measures to implement this program; determines the organization, tasks and carries out general planning of civil and territorial defense; organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products, etc.

Direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Minister of Defense is the direct superior of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is personally responsible for the implementation of the tasks assigned to the ministry. On the most important issues of the life and activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, he issues orders and directives, and also enacts regulations, instructions, and other legal acts regulating various issues of life, everyday life and activities of the troops. The Minister of Defense manages the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Russian Federation.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation participates in the preparation of proposals on issues of military policy and the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, develops a concept for the construction of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is preparing the Federal State Program for Armament and the Development of Military Equipment, as well as proposals for the state defense order and defense spending in the draft federal budget. Coordination and financing of work carried out for defense purposes are important; organization of scientific research, ordering and financing the production and purchase of weapons and military equipment, food, clothing and other property, material and other resources for the Armed Forces. The Ministry cooperates with the military departments of foreign states, and also exercises a number of other powers.

The main body for the operational control of troops and fleet forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is General base. He develops proposals for the military doctrine of Russia, a plan for the construction of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and coordinates the development of proposals for the size of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The General Staff is also preparing a plan for the use and mobilization of the Armed Forces and the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes. It establishes quantitative standards for conscription for military service, military training, and carries out analysis and coordination of military registration activities in the country, preparing citizens for military service and their conscription for military service and military training. For the purposes of defense and security, the General Staff organizes intelligence activities, measures to maintain the combat and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, etc.

The structure of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes a number of main and central departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of the Russian Federation include the Main Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation. Structurally, the Main Command of a branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of the Main Staff, directorates, departments and services. At the head of the branch of the Armed Forces is the Commander-in-Chief. He is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation and reports directly to the Minister of Defense.

The military district directorate includes: military district headquarters, directorates, departments, services and other structural units. The military district is headed by the commander of the military district troops.

The management structure of a separate military unit and the main responsibilities of its officials are determined by the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

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Lesson type: lesson-lecture

Goals: introduce students to the structure, purpose and armament of the branches and branches of the RF Armed Forces

Lesson questions:

Purpose, tasks and structure of the Ground Forces, Air Force, Navy
Purpose of the Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces, Space Forces
Tasks of the military branches: border, civil defense, internal, railway

Lesson Plan

Organizing time
Introduction to the lesson
Types of the RF Armed Forces
Other troops of the Russian Armed Forces
Branches of the Russian Armed Forces
Check of knowledge
Homework

During the classes

Organizational moment: communication of the lesson topic, work plan

Introduction to the lesson: teacher’s message on the topic “Armies of the World: Interesting Facts”

(slides 3-10)

The most unusual maneuver before an attack

During the Russian war against the Bukhara Emirate in 1868, the infantry, right in front of the enemy’s eyes, crossed the river in chest-deep water and occupied the heights of Chapan-Ata in a bayonet attack. The maneuver was swift, there was no time to take off shoes and pour out water. Therefore, the soldiers stood on their hands, while their comrades shook their legs.

A month later, in battle, the Bukharans in the front rows, approaching a rifle shot, stood up on their hands, and the rear ones began to conscientiously shake their legs.

They were firmly convinced that they had unraveled the Russian ritual that brought victory

The most unusual decree

Sew buttons onto the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform.

Purpose of the decree: to wean soldiers, most of whom were recruited from peasant backgrounds, from wiping their mouths with their sleeves after eating, so that expensive cloth would last longer

The shortest war

In 1896, a war broke out between Britain and Zanzibar that lasted exactly 38 minutes.

The most fake attack

During World War II, the Germans built a mock-up of an airfield in Holland in great secrecy. Airplanes, hangars, cars, air defense systems - everything is made of wood. But one day an English bomber arrived and dropped a single bomb on the false airfield, after which construction of the airfield stopped. The bomb was wooden

The most curious army laws

In Britain, only in 1947, the position of the person obliged to fire a cannon at the time of Napoleon’s invasion of England was abolished

The most ridiculous war

In 1249, a soldier from Bologna fled to Modena, seizing an old oak tub from which he watered his horse. The authorities of Bologna demanded that they hand over not a deserter, but a tub. Having received a refusal, Bologna began a war against Modena that lasted 22 years and was accompanied by significant destruction. And the tub still remains in Modena and is stored in one of the city’s towers

The most unusual weapon

One Siamese king, retreating, ordered that the enemy be fired from cannons not with cannonballs, but with silver coins. How he completely disorganized the enemy and won the battle

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Before studying the material, students are given a task in the form of tables, which they must fill out as the teacher explains new material (slide 11)

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is Russian President V.V. Putin. The main functions of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces:

Management of the implementation of defense policy
Approval of plans for the construction and use of the army and navy
Appointment and dismissal of positions of high military command
Assignment of highest military ranks
Conscription
Declaration of a state of war
Orders of the Armed Forces for the conduct of military operations (slide 12)

Direct leadership of the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense is exercised by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (slide 12)

The branches of the Armed Forces are divided by natural environment (slide 13), in which they must conduct armed confrontation with the enemy. Based on this, their weapons, combat tactics, organization and all other characteristics are determined, down to the specifics of their clothing and food rations. The listed characteristics are influenced by many other factors, among which the traditions that have developed over the entire history of the existence of the Armed Forces are decisive.

Ground forces (slides 14-25)

The history of the Ground Forces is the longest. Our ancestors, according to historians in the 5th-6th centuries, fought only on foot, practically without using cavalry. Therefore, the traditions expressed in the concepts of courage and perseverance, self-sacrifice, and military brotherhood in the Ground Forces are especially pronounced.

Ground forces operate on land accordingly. They are intended for:

Covering the State Border
Reflecting the aggressor's blows
Retention of occupied territory
Defeat of troop groups
Capturing enemy territory

The Ground Forces consist of combat arms, special troops, formations, units of centrally subordinate institutions and organizations, and the rear of the Ground Forces.

Motorized rifle troops:

Designed to conduct combat operations independently, as well as together with other military branches and special troops. The motorized rifle troops have motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as special forces and logistics units.

Distinctive features are high mobility and maneuverability.

Tank forces:

They constitute the main strike force of the SV. They are used primarily in the main directions to deliver powerful and deep blows to the enemy.

Rocket troops and artillery:

They are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy. Called upon to solve fire missions in combat in the interests of other branches of the military.

Air Defense Forces:

Designed to destroy enemy airborne forces, to protect troop groups, command posts, airfields and rear facilities from attacks.

Air Force (slides 26-34)

The Air Force is the youngest branch of the Russian Armed Forces.

Outstanding Russian scientists made a great contribution to the creation of aviation: N.E. Zhukovsky, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, S.A. Chaplygin. In 1882, naval officer A.F. Mozhaisky created the world's first airplane. In 1913, the multi-engine aircraft “Russian Knight” was assembled, and later “Ilya Muromets”. The advent of the jet engine caused a qualitative leap in the development of aviation. In 1946, the first jet aircraft Yak-15 and MiG-9 were flown into the air.

The modern structure of the Air Force was created in 1998 as a result of the merger of the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces.

The types of aviation include: bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, military transport, army, special.

The main tasks of the Air Force:

Protecting the country from reconnaissance and air strikes
Gaining air superiority
Defeat the enemy from the air
Conducting comprehensive reconnaissance and performing special tasks
Ensuring the actions of formations of the Armed Forces

Navy (slides 35 – 41)

On October 20, 1696, at the insistence of Peter I, the Boyar Duma made the historic decision “There will be sea vessels.” It is from this moment that the history of the development of the domestic navy begins.

The first permanent grouping of forces - the Azov Fleet - was formed from ships built in the winter of 1695-1696. Before the First World War, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (marines and coastal artillery) existed since the beginning of the 18th century and were not part of the fleet. On March 19, 1906, a new branch of the Navy was born and began to develop - the submarine force. 1914 - the first units of Naval Aviation were formed. Mid-1930s - the Navy included naval aviation, coastal defense and air defense units.

Over the 3 centuries of its existence, the regular Russian fleet has covered itself with unfading glory. Gangut and Chesma, Sinop and Tendra, the defense of Sevastopol and Port Arthur are glorious pages of its history. The Russian Navy reached its greatest power in the second half of the 20th century. There was not a single corner of the world's oceans where our naval flag was not present.

The Navy is intended for the armed defense of Russia's interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war.

The Navy is capable of launching nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting ocean and maritime communications and protecting its maritime transport, assisting the Ground Forces, participating in repelling enemy landings and performing other tasks.

The Navy organizationally includes the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets, as well as the Caspian military flotilla and the Leningrad naval base.

The role of the fleet in the history of Russia has always gone beyond the scope of its purely military tasks. The presence of the fleet contributed to our country's active foreign policy. He has more than once become a deterrent for the enemy of our state when the threat of war arose.

Other troops of the Russian Armed Forces (slides 42-44)

In the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there are 3 types of troops that are not included in the branches of the Armed Forces. They are very different from each other in tasks, structure and features of combat use, but they have one thing in common - they all act in the interests of the Armed Forces as a whole and are capable of performing assigned tasks both in cooperation with other components of the Armed Forces and independently. This independence in performing tasks, the specificity of the tasks themselves, required their separation into special structures.

Strategic Missile Forces. Today, the Strategic Missile Forces are the main component of strategic nuclear forces; they are armed with intercontinental combat missile systems of various types and are designed to destroy important enemy targets in a nuclear war, destroy their strategic and other means of nuclear attack, defeat large groups of armed forces, violate state and military control, disorganize rear.

Space Force - a fundamentally new branch of the military, which is designed to ensure the security of Russia in outer space. The main tasks of the Space Forces are: communicating warnings to the country's top military-political leadership about a missile attack, missile defense of Moscow, creating, deploying, maintaining and managing an orbital constellation of spacecraft.

Airborne troops (VDV) - a mobile branch of troops designed to perform combat missions behind enemy lines, as well as to act as a reserve of the Supreme High Command. Airborne forces can be used for: capturing administrative and political centers, industrial facilities, basing areas of enemy aviation and naval forces, seizing and holding crossings on water barriers, mountain passes and passages, destroying nuclear attack weapons, disrupting enemy command and control and rear operations, disrupting formation and the transfer of its reserves.

Branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (slides 45-49)

The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen from criminal and other unlawful attacks. At the moment, the number of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is determined at 199,800 people. The VV special forces comprise 16 mobile units.

Railway troops are intended to restore, construct, operate and technically cover railways used to provide transportation in wartime.

Border troops are designed to protect state borders on land, seas, rivers and lakes, as well as the continental shelf of the Russian Federation and their natural resources. The management of the border troops is carried out by the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In Russia, the origins of the border service date back to the 14th and 15th centuries. In connection with the frequent raids of nomads on the southern and south-eastern outskirts of the Moscow principality, from the 60s of the 14th century, guard posts and villages began to be set up. In the 16th century, serif lines were revived, and later, border fortified lines and border service took on the form of public service.

In peacetime, civil defense troops participate in eliminating the consequences of emergency situations: natural disasters, epidemics, major accidents and catastrophes that threaten the health of the population and require rescue operations. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities or the introduction of martial law by the President of the Russian Federation on the territory of the country or in its individual regions, the activities of civil defense troops are carried out in full.

Intermediate knowledge test:

Checking that students have filled out the tables correctly, correcting errors (orally)

"Check yourself" (slides 50-62)

Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
Troops taking part in maintaining public order?
The branch of the military responsible for the restoration, construction, operation of railways used to provide military transportation?
Who are the Border Troops subordinated to and what are they intended for?
What are the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
Formulate the main tasks solved by the Air Force?
What are the branches of the Russian Armed Forces?
Which branch of the Russian Armed Forces does the flag belong to?
Who exercises direct control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
What is the purpose of the Russian Ground Forces?
Name the branch of the military subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation?

Homework: prepare a report on the exploits of sailors, pilots, and border guards in war or peacetime.

The RF Armed Forces consist of central military command and control bodies, associations, formations, units, divisions and organizations that are included in the types and branches of the military, in the rear of the RF Armed Forces and in troops not included in the types and branches of the military.

TO central authorities include the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Defense of Russia), the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central command bodies include the Main Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Type of the RF Armed Forces- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces, the Air Force, and the Navy.

Each branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Under branch of the army refers to a part of the branch of the RF Armed Forces, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Aerospace Defense Forces and the Airborne Forces.

Associations- these are military formations, including several formations or associations of a smaller scale, and TE.KZh6 units and institutions. Associations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The military district covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet- the highest operational formation of the Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Formations are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them. The word “compound” means a connection of units: the division headquarters has the status of a unit to which other units (regiments) are subordinate. All together this is the division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if it includes separate battalions and companies, each of which has the status of a unit in itself. In this case, the brigade headquarters, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the RF Armed Forces. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. In addition to these, the units include the division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military trade, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison officers' house, garrison consumer services plant, Central School of Junior Specialists, etc.). Units can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and Navy ships are awarded the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of “dividing, dividing”, i.e. part is divided into divisions.

TO organizations These include such structures supporting the vital functions of the RF Armed Forces as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation designed to provide all types of material resources and maintain their reserves, prepare and operate communication routes, provide military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary, hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics support tasks. The rear of the RF Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, and warehouses with supplies of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield, etc.), as well as repair, medical, rear security and other units and units.

Quartering and arrangement of troops— the activities of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, the quartering of troops, the creation of conditions for the strategic deployment of the Russian Armed Forces and the conduct of combat operations.

Troops that are not included in the branches and services of the Russian Armed Forces include the Border Troops, Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia), and Civil Defense Troops.

Internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful attacks.

Russian Federation were formed in 1992. At the time of creation, their number was 2,880,000 people. Today it reaches 1,000,000 people. Not only is it one of the largest armed forces in the world. The armament of the Russian army today is very modern, developed, has reserves of nuclear weapons, weapons of mass destruction, a developed system for countering enemy attacks and redeploying weapons if necessary.

The army of the Russian Federation practically does not use foreign-made weapons. Everything needed is manufactured in the country. All military equipment and weapons are the result of research by scientists and the functioning of the defense industry. The army is governed by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation through military districts and other governing bodies. Also, a General Staff has been created to manage the Russian Armed Forces, whose tasks are defense planning, conducting mobilization and operational training, organizing reconnaissance operations, etc.

Armored vehicles

Military equipment and weapons of the Russian army are constantly being modernized. This happens with vehicles such as armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and infantry fighting vehicles. They are intended for combat operations on various types of terrain, and are also capable of transporting a combat detachment of up to 10 people and overcoming water obstacles. These vehicles can travel both forward and backward at the same speed.

Thus, at the beginning of 2013, the BTR-82 and BTR-82A entered service with the Russian army. This modification has an economical diesel generator set and is equipped with an electric drive with a stabilizer for controlling the gun and a laser sight. The designers improved reconnaissance capabilities, and the fire extinguishing and fragmentation protection systems were improved.

There are about 500 BMP-3s in service. This equipment and the weapons with which it is equipped have no equal in the whole world. equipped with mine protection, have a durable and sealed body, providing all-round armor to protect personnel. The BMP-3 is an air transportable amphibious vehicle. On a flat road it reaches speeds of up to 70 km/h.

Russian nuclear weapons

Nuclear weapons have been adopted since the times of the USSR. This is a whole complex that includes ammunition itself, carriers and means of transportation, as well as control systems. The action of the weapon is based on nuclear energy, which is released during the fission or fusion reaction of nuclei.

New today is the RS-24 Yars. Development on it began under the USSR in 1989. After Ukraine refused to develop it jointly with Russia, all design developments were transferred to MIT in 1992. The design of the Yars rocket is similar to the Topol-M. Its difference is a new platform for breeding blocks. The Yars has an increased payload, and the hull is treated with a special compound to reduce the impact of a nuclear explosion. This missile is capable of performing programmed maneuvers and is equipped with a complex to counter missile defense systems.

Pistols for the army

Pistols in troops of any kind are used for close combat and personal self-defense. This weapon became widespread due to its compactness and light weight, but the main advantage was the ability to fire with one hand. Until 2012, pistols in service with the Russian army were mainly used by Makarov systems (PM and PMM). The models are designed for 9 mm cartridges. The firing range reached 50 meters, the rate of fire was 30 rounds per minute. Magazine capacity: PM - 8 rounds, PMM - 12 rounds.

However, the Makarov pistol is recognized as obsolete, and a more modern model has been adopted. This is “Strizh”, developed jointly with special forces officers. In terms of its technical characteristics, the pistol surpasses the world famous Glock. Another pistol that the army of new Russia adopted in 2003 was the SPS (Serdyukov self-loading pistol).

9-mm cartridges with small ricochet bullets, as well as armor-piercing and armor-piercing tracer bullets were developed for it. It is equipped with a special spring to speed up the change of the double-stack magazine and two safety valves.

Aviation

The armament of the Russian Army in terms of aviation allows it to provide protection and attack on the enemy, as well as carry out various operations, such as reconnaissance, security and others. Aviation is represented by airplanes and helicopters for various purposes.

Among the aircraft, it is worth noting the Su-35S model. This fighter is multifunctional and highly maneuverable; it is designed to strike moving and stationary ground targets. But its main task is to gain air supremacy. The Su-35S has engines with higher thrust and a rotary thrust vector (product 117-S). It uses fundamentally new on-board equipment - the aircraft's information and control system ensures the maximum degree of interaction between the pilots and the aircraft. The fighter is equipped with the latest Irbis-E weapons control system. It is capable of simultaneously detecting up to 30 air targets, firing at up to 8 targets without interrupting observation of ground and air space.

Among helicopters, the KA-52 “Alligator” and KA-50 “Black Shark” should be noted as modern weapons of the Russian army. These two combat vehicles are formidable weapons; so far no country in the world has been able to create and oppose equipment that matches them in terms of tactical and technical capabilities. "Alligator" can operate at any time of the day or night, under any weather and climatic conditions. The “Black Shark” is designed to destroy various armored vehicles, including tanks, as well as to provide protection for ground facilities and troops from enemy attacks.

Vehicles

The Russian army is equipped with vehicles for various purposes on a large scale. Automotive vehicles are presented in the form of highly mobile, cargo-passenger, multi-purpose, specially protected and armored vehicles.

The Tiger STS, which was adopted by the Russian army, has proven itself especially well. The vehicle is used for reconnaissance operations, monitoring the enemy, transporting personnel and ammunition, patrolling high-risk areas, and escorting mobile columns. It has high maneuverability, a large range, and good visibility for firing.

For the rapid transfer of equipment, ammunition and personnel in large quantities, the KRAZ-5233BE “Spetsnaz” is used. The vehicle is designed for work in harsh climatic conditions (from - 50 to + 60 degrees), has high cross-country ability - it can overcome water obstacles up to 1.5 m deep and snow covers up to 60 cm high.

Tanks

Tanks are armored fighting vehicles and are used by ground forces. Today, the Russian Army uses the T-90, T-80 and T-72 models. Modern tank armament outnumbers that of the United States Army.

The T-80 has been supplied to the army since 1976, since then it has undergone several modifications. Used to support firepower to destroy people and various objects (for example, fortified firing points), to create defensive lines. It has multi-layer armor and increased maneuverability. Equipped with a 125-mm cannon coaxial with a machine gun, a Utes machine-gun complex, a smoke grenade launch system, as well as an anti-tank missile control system.

The T-90 tank, especially the T-90SM modification, can be safely positioned as the latest weapon of the Russian army. Equipped with an improved fire extinguishing system, an air conditioning system has been added, and it is possible to hit moving targets with high accuracy while moving. In all respects it surpasses tanks such as the Abrams or Leopard.

Machine guns in service with the army

The most famous weapons of the Russian army are And although they have no grace or beauty, they have earned popularity for their simplicity and ease of use. This machine gun dates back to 1959, when it was first adopted by the USSR army. In recent years, starting from 1990, AK-74M models with a rail for mounting various types of sights have been produced for the army. In it, the designers were able to realize the dream of a universal machine gun. But no matter how universal it may be, history does not stand still, and technology develops.

Today, the modern weapons of the Russian army in terms of machine guns are represented by the AK-12 model. It does not have the disadvantages of all types of AKs - there is no gap between the receiver cover and the receiver itself. The design makes the machine convenient for use by both right-handers and left-handers. The model is compatible with magazines for AKM and AK-74. It is possible to mount an under-barrel grenade launcher and various types of sights. The shooting accuracy is almost 1.5 times higher than that of the AK-74.

Grenade launchers in Russian troops

Grenade launchers are designed for various purposes and are divided into several types. Thus, they distinguish easel, automatic, manual, multi-purpose, under-barrel and remote-controlled. Depending on the type, they are intended to destroy enemy troops, moving and stationary targets, and to destroy unarmored, lightly armored and armored vehicles.

New small arms of the Russian army in this category are represented by the RPG-30 “Hook” grenade launcher. It is a single-use weapon and entered service with the troops in 2013. It is double-barreled and contains two grenades: an imitation grenade and a 105-mm live grenade. The simulator ensures the activation of the enemy’s defense functions, and the combat grenade directly destroys the target that remains unprotected.

We cannot ignore such modern weapons of the Russian army as the GP-25 and GP-30 under-barrel grenade launchers. They are equipped with Kalashnikov assault rifles of the AK-12, AKM, AKMS, AKS-74U, AK-74, AK-74M, AK-103 and AK-101 modifications. The GP-25 and GP-30 underbarrel grenade launchers are designed to destroy living and non-living targets and unarmored vehicles. The target firing range is about 400 m, the caliber is 40 mm.

Sniper rifles

Sniper rifles, used as small arms by the Russian army, are divided into several types, or rather, have different purposes. To eliminate single camouflaged or moving targets, a 7.62 mm SVD is used. The rifle was developed back in 1958 by E. Dragunov and has an effective range of up to 1300 meters. Since then, the weapon has undergone several modifications. In the 90s was developed and put into service with the Russian Army (SVU-AS). It has a caliber of 7.62 and is intended for airborne units. This rifle has automatic firing capability and is also equipped with a folding stock.

For military operations that require the absence of noise, VSS is used. Despite the fact that the Vintorez sniper rifle was created in the former USSR, SP-5 and SP-6 cartridges are used for shooting (pierces an 8 mm thick steel plate from a distance of 100 m). The effective firing range is from 300 to 400 meters, depending on the type of sight used.

Russian naval forces

The naval armament used by the army of the new Russia is quite diverse. Surface ships provide support for submarine forces, transport landing troops and cover landings, protect territorial waters, the coastline, search and track the enemy, and support sabotage operations. Submarine forces provide reconnaissance operations and surprise attacks on continental and maritime targets. Naval aviation forces are used to attack enemy surface forces, destroy key facilities on its coastline, and intercept and prevent enemy air attacks.

The Navy includes destroyers, patrol ships of the far and near sea zones, small missile and anti-submarine ships, missile, anti-sabotage boats, large and small landing ships, nuclear submarines, minesweepers, and landing boats.

Defense production

After the collapse of the USSR, the defense industry experienced a sharp decline. However, in 2006, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the State Arms Development Program for 2007-2015. According to this document, over the specified years, new weapons and various technical means should be developed to replace the old one.

The development and supply of new and modernized weapons and equipment is carried out by such enterprises as Russian Technologies, Oboronprom, Motorostroitel, Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, United Aircraft Corporation, Russian Helicopters OJSC, Uralvagonzavod, Kurgan Engine Plant" and others.

Most research centers and design bureaus developing weapons for the Russian army are strictly classified, as are defense industry enterprises. But the defense industry today provides jobs for many large and medium-sized cities of the Russian Federation.